급속 용매 분획에 의한 불포합 빌리루빈과 담즙염의 상호작용에 관한 연구

함준수,문광호,이항락,은창수,박준용,한동수,최호순,안유현 대한간학회 2002 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.8 No.1

Background/Aims: Our previous studies of ionization and solubility of unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) yielded inappropriately large differences between the two carboxylic pK'a values of UCB. These data, however, were not ideal due to crystal effects, matastability, impurities of the bilirubin, and imprecision of analyses at low UCB. Methods: The sodium salt of taurocholate (TC) was purified and dissolved in water to 100 mM. Chloroform (CHCl3) was purified by vacuum distillation. Buffers used were: citrate from pH 4 to 6, phosphate from pH 6 to 8, and borate above pH 8. All had an ionic strength of 0.10. The problems were minimized by rapid solvent partition of UCB from CHCl3 into buffered aqueous NaCl, and a new, accurate assay of low UCB in the aqueous phase which was achieved by concentrating the UCB through back extraction into small volumes of CHCl3. Results: In contrast with the crystal dissolution studies, the two pK'a value were similar. H2B0, not HB-, was the dominant UCB species in the pH range of bile (6.0 to 8.0). The aqueous solubilities of UCB were 90 to 98% less. Less than 0.01% of the bile salt partitioned into the CHCl3 phase and self-association of B= was negligible. UCB solubilities in 50 mM TC were 2 to 10% of those obtained by crystal dissolution, and, up to pH 7.9, were below the maximum UCB concentration in normal human bile. Conclusions: We suggest that the markedly increased binding of UCB with each ionization step is due to the disruption of the internal hydrogen bonds of the ionized carboxyl groups on interaction with the bile salt. We propose to extend the study of partition to determine the activity and the degradation products of calcium salts of unbound bilirubin fractions.(Korean J Hepatol 2002;8:80-89) 목적: 불포합 빌리루빈은 색소성 담석의 주요 성분으로 담즙내의 용해도는 담석 형성에 있어 매우 중요한 인자로 작용한다. 저자는 담즙의 불포합 빌리루빈의 용해 한계와 담즙염 존재하의 동질 분획을 구하여 담즙내 빌리루빈 침전의 병태생리를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 순수 정제한 빌리루빈 결정과 진공증류하에 정제된 CHCl3, 완충액과 담즙염 (taurochlolate:TC, taurodehydrocholate: TDHC)을 시험관에 넣고 회전 혼합기로 혼합한 뒤 원심분리하여 상층을 제거하고(주기 1), 남아있는 하층에 완충액이 첨가된 보조용액을 첨가한 후 2차 분획을 시행 하였다(주기 2). 분획층은 원심분리 직후 pH를 측정 하였으며 빌리루빈의 농도는 Michaelesson diazo 반응을 이용하여 구하였다. 결과: 1. 50 mM TC가 첨가된 완충 수용액에서의 1차 분획과 2차 분획에 따른 불포합 빌리루빈의 농도는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 2. 불포합 빌리루빈의 계산된 분획비율과 역추출에 의해 분석된 분획비율은 일치함을 보였다. 3. pH4.0 와 pH7.0 사이에서는 pH 증가에 따른 불포합 빌리루빈의 용해도는 완만하게 상승하였고 pH7.0 이상에서는 수직비례로 상승하였다. 4. 생리적 pH 상태에서 빌리루빈은 대부분 단가음이온 (monoanion form:HB-) 상태로 존재함을 알 수 있었다. 결론: 완충 수용액의 pH가 높을수록 그리고 담즙염의 농도가 높을수록 불포합 빌리루빈의 용해도가 높았다. pH에 따른 불포합 빌리루빈의 형태는 pH 7.0 이하에서는 이가산 형태(diacid form:H2B0)였고 pH 7.0 이상에서는 이가음이온 형태(dianion form: B=) 이었으나 전 pH에 걸쳐 주종을 이루는 비결합 음이온은 단가음이온(monoanion form:HB-) 였다. 결론적으로, 담즙내의 주된 비결합 음이온은 HB-이며 담석은 Ca(HB)2를 주성분으로 함을 알 수 있다. 담즙염, 레시틴 그리고 칼슘빌리루빈의 용해산물에서 비결합된 HB-, B=의 활동도의 정확한 측정은 아직 알려지지 않았다. 본 연구는 이러한 면에서 음이온의 산물 그리고 담즙에서 포화도는 담즙의 pH 7까지는 증가함을 알았으며 칼슘빌리루빈의 침전을 증가시킴을 알 수 있었다. 향후 빌리루빈의 비결합 산물의 실제 활성도와 칼슘염의 분해산물을 결정 하도록 분획 연구를 확대 해야 한다고 생각된다.색인단어:불포합 빌리루빈, 담석, 담즙산

담석에서 추출한 단백질의 분석

함준수(Joon Soo Hahm),박경근(Kyung Geun Park),박준용(Joon Yong Park),한동수(Dong Soo Han),이민호(Min Ho Lee),기춘석(Choon Suhk Kee),박경남(Kyung Nam Park),이광수(Kwang Soo Lee),최은아(Eun A Choi),이명규(Myung Kyo Lee),함경수(Kyung So 대한소화기학회 1996 대한소화기학회지 Vol.28 No.1

N/A Background/Aims: Biliary proteins have been suggested to play an important role in nucleation and gallstone formation. However, the exact roles and characteristics have not been completely documented. The aim of the present study is to isolate and characterize the nucleating protein extracted from gallstones. Methods: We tried to extract, isolate and characterize proteins in patients with gallstones. Twenty-two gallstones were obtained(12 cholesterol, 10 pigment) at cholecystec- tomy and extracted with ethanol/ether mixture. Then, isoelectric focusing was performed and gallstone proteins were analysed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The amino acids were also analysis by the autoamimo acid analyzer system. Results: The mean amount of gallstone protein was 4.15 mg/(g stone) in cholesterol and 16.15 mg/(g stone) in pigment stone. The proteins from both cholesterol and pigment stones showed major bands at low pH on isoelectric focusing. On SDS-PAGE, low molecular protein bands were noted, mainly below 45KD in both cholesterol and pigment stones. The composition of aspartate and glutamate was 21.6% in cholesterol stones and 22.7% in pigment stones. Conclusions: The proteins in cholesterol and pigment gallstones are low molecular weight acidic proteins, and these acidic proteins seem to play an important role in the pathogenesis of gall stones. However, it remains to be determined whether these proteins differ in functional roles from different gallstones. (Korean J Gastroenterol 1996;28: 92 - 100)

위암환자 895예에 대한 임상적 고찰

함준수(Joon Soo Hahm),기춘석(Choon Suhk Kee),박경남(Kyung Nam Park),이민호(Min Ho Lee),민경랑(Kyung Rang Min),한동수(Dong Soo Han) 대한소화기학회 1987 대한소화기학회지 Vol.19 No.2

Stomach cancer is still the most common malignancy and one of the leading causes of cancer deaths in Korea, although its frequency is decreasing in the United States, western Europe and recently, even in Japan. In order to evaluate the incidence, epidemiology, clinical manifestations and surgical resectability, the authors analysed 895 cases of stomach cancer which were confirmed by endoscopic biopsy from March 1982 to July 1986 in Hanyang University Hospital. 1) Stomach cancer was most prevalent in 7th decade (29.5%), with average age of 54.8 in male and 53.6 in female. Male to female ratio was 2.2:1, with male preponderance. 2) The patients who had under 1 year duration of illness before confirmatory detection was found in 76.3% and those over 3 years duration in 7.8%. 3) Epigastric pain and/or discomfort were the most common symptoms complained (88.6%). Anorexia (55.3%), weight loss (51.9%), indigestion (48.5%) and belching (43.0%) were also frequently noted in order of frequency. In physical examination, epigastric tenderness was noted in 43.2% and epigastric mass was palpable in 26.5% of patients. 4) Anemia, defined as Hb<14 g/dl in male and <12 g/dl in female was found in 59.4% of patients and occult blood was demonstrable in the stool in 54.8% of patients. 5) Most of stomach cancer was found to involve the antrum and body (89.4%) and Borrmanns type III was found in more than 50% of patients. According to the histopathologic classification, adenocarcinoma was the most common microscopic type, involving 98.9% of patients. False positive and negative rates in detection of stomach cancer with gastrofiberscope were 7.0% and 5.7% respectively. 6) The serum levels of CEA and CA19-9 were significantly different in relation to the stages of stomach cancer, but revealed no remarkable changes in relation to the degree of cell differentiation. 7) Preoperative resectability of stomach cancer determined by radiographic staging was 53.6% and using of abdominal CT scan the accuracy of preoperative staging was 66.0%. 8) Curative operation was underwent in 320 cases (35.8%) and chemotherapy combined with operation was received in 115 cases (7.8%) among the 895 cases with stomach cancer.

부식된 고장력볼트 이음부의 잔존 내하력에 대한 실험적 연구

함준수,황원섭,수타진,박성준 한국복합신소재구조학회 2017 복합신소재구조학회 학술발표회 Vol.2017 No.04

Corrosion is one of the most typical aging phenomena associated with long-term use of steel structures. Corrosion of high-tension bolted connections causes problems such as reduction of thickness of member and relaxation of axial force of high-tension bolt, thereby reducing load-carrying capacity of high-tension bolted connections. In this study, three specimens were subjected to natural corrosion in order to evaluate the residual load-carrying capacity of high-tension bolted connections where corrosion occurred. Two specimens were newly fabricated for comparison with the corroded specimens. In addition, the static bending test was performed to compare and investigate the behavior characteristics of the high-tension bolted connections and the final failure modes. The residual load-carrying capacity of the corroded high-tension bolted connections was evaluated.

각종 위장관 질환환자에 대한 Polybutine Compositium의 임상효과에 관한 관찰

함준수(Joon Soo Hahm),기춘석(Choon Suhk Kee),박경남(Kyung Nam Park),이민호(Min Ho Lee),윤호주(Ho Ju Yun),정성수(Sung Soo Jung) 대한소화기학회 1987 대한소화기학회지 Vol.19 No.2

The purpose of this paper is to assess the clinical effectiveness of Polybutine Compositium in the treatment of patients with the various gastrointestinal diseases. The total number of subjects was 51 patients (male; 25 cases, female: 26 cases). Among them 32 were treated with Polybutine Compositium (Drug A), and 19 with Trimebutine (Drug B). Polybutine Compositium or Trimebutine was administered at dose of 4 capsules daily for 15 days. Symptoms were scored before and after the study. And the results are as follows: 1) Initial symptoms were abdominal pain (100.0%), anorexia (98.0%), heartburn (94.1%), nausea (90. 2%), abdominal distension (84.3%), constipation (82.4%), vomiting (74.5%), flatulence (70.6%), diarrhea (51.0%), and malaise (43.1%). The effect rates (percent of cured and improved cases to total ones) of Polybutine Compositium on each symtpoms were malaise (100.0%), abdominal pain (96.9%), nausea (95.7%), constipation (92.6%), heartburn (90.0%), anorexia (87.5%), nausea (86.2%), abdominal distension (82.1%), diarrhea (75.0%), and flatulence (72.7%). 2) Symptom score was significantly decreased in patients with Polybutine Compositium than those with Trimebutine (p<0.01), indicating a significant Polybutine Compositium effect compared to Trimebutine. 3) No definite side effect of Polybutine Compositium was found at dose of 4 capsules daily. In conclusion, Polybutine Compositium is an effective agent in controlling the symptom complex of various gastrointestinal diseases.

담석에서 추출한 단백질의 분석

함준수,박경근,박준용,한동수,이민호,기춘석,박경남,이광수,최은아 大韓消化器病學會 1996 大韓消化器病學會誌 Vol.28 No.1

당뇨병환자에서 담석증의 빈도 및 특성에 관한 연구

함준수,박준용,박경근,이오영,한동수,손주현,윤병철,김정현,이민호 大韓消化器病學會 1995 大韓消化器病學會誌 Vol.27 No.4

위질환진단에 있어서 색소에 의한 위내시경검사법

함준수,기춘석,박경남 대한소화기학회 1977 대한소화기학회 추계학술대회 Vol.1977 No.-

N/A

간장및 담도 : 담석 핵화에 있어서의 단백질의 의의에 관한 연구

함준수(Joon Soo Hahm),기춘석(Choon Suhk Kee),박경남(Kyung Nam Park),이민호(Min Ho Lee),이종철(Jong Chul Lee),한동수(dong Soo Han),양석철(Suck Chul Yang),이광수(Kwang Soo Lee) 대한소화기학회 1990 대한소화기학회지 Vol.22 No.2

N/A Formation of gallstones depends upon at least 2 processes; first, supersaturation of cholesterol and calcium salts, seond, nucleation of crystals in the bile. Nucleation requires gallbladder mucins, and its main component, glycoprotein, is known to be concentrated in the gallstones. Howere the nature and role of the gallstone proteins is still unknown, and the difference in the compositions of proteins between various gallstones has not been observed. 21 gallstones, 13 cholesterol stones and 8 pigment stones, were obstanined at cholecystectomy, washed, dried and extracted cholesterol, pigment, and bile salts by 0.1 N HCl petrolium ether ethanol solution for an analysis of proteins in gallstones. The compositions of gallstones by infrared sphectophmeter. The gallstone proteins were then quantified by Bensadoun & Weinstein method, and analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel eletrophoresis. The results were as follaws; 1) The amount of gallstones proteins was 2.12 mg% in cholesterol stones and 2.61mg% in pigment stones. 2) SDS-PAGE could isolate low molecular proteins; 13 cases (62%) below 15 KD, 3 cases (14.2%) between 20~40 KD and 5 cases (23.8%) above 45 KD of molecular weight. 3) There was no significant difference in protein quantification between cholesterol and pigment stones. We could suggest that gallstone proteins are mainly acidic proteins with low molecular weight and these proteins could play an important role in nucleation of gallstone formation.

Plate Girder 볼트 이음부 강도에 관한 해석적 연구

함준수,황원섭,양성돈,정지승,Ham, Jun-Su,Hwang, Won-Sup,Yang, Sung-Don,Chung, Jee-Seung 한국강구조학회 2012 韓國鋼構造學會 論文集 Vol.24 No.4

In this study, structural behavior of high tension bolted connections was analyzed in order to investigate effective utilizations. Also, the simplified numerical analysis method showing bolt behavior was proposed using the connector element in the ABAQUS, a nonlinear finite element program and verified by numerical analyses on the basis of the experiment of previous study. In an effort to analyze strength properties of plate girder which high tension bolts are applied to, the effects of each design parameter were compared and analyzed after moment-displacement relations were investigated according to design parameters (upper flange, lower flange, upper and lower flange, web) by action force standards. 본 논문은 강교량 이음부에서 고장력볼트의 유효활용방안을 모색하기 위하여 고장력볼트가 적용된 이음부에 관한 구조거동을 해석적으로 검토하였다. 또한, 비선형 유한요소프로그램인 ABAQUS의 Connector요소를 사용하여 간단하게 볼트의 거동을 표현하는 수치해석방법을 제안하고, 선행 연구의 실험을 토대로 수치해석을 실시하여 해석방법의 타당성을 검토하였다. 고장력볼트 이음부 강도에 영향을 미치는 주요 설계변수를 파악하기 위해 솔리드 요소를 사용한 인장 시험체를 선택하여 다양한 설계변수(모재 및 이음판의 강종, 이음판의 두께, 볼트 재료특성, 설계볼트축력)에 관한 영향을 비교 분석하였다. 또한, 플레이트 거더 볼트 이음부에서 고장력볼트 적용부위에 따른 강도특성을 분석하기 위하여 설계변수(상부 플랜지, 하부 플랜지, 상 하부플랜지, 웹)에 따른 구조물의 모멘트-변위 관계를 도출하여 각 설계변수가 극한거동에 미치는 영향을 비교 분석하였다.