근로청소년의 자살성향의 산업재해와의 상호분석

함웅 중앙대학교 영신아카데미연구원 한국청소년 문제연구소 1980 오늘의 청소년 Vol.4 No.-

勤勞青少年의 自殺性向의 産業災害와의 相關分析

咸雄 대한신경정신의학회 1980 신경정신의학 Vol.19 No.4

The present study was intended to cla rify the relationship between suicidal trends and their industrial accidents among adolescent workers and to reveal descriptive analysis of the incidence of suicidal impulsiveness, self-injury, and suicidal attempt. In order to achieve these goals, samplings were made by disproportional probability sampling procedure, and questionnaries were finally supplied to 633 working adolescents including 305- workers with accidents and 328 workers without, accidents, coming from 59 companies located in Seoul, Kyung-Ki Do and Kyung Sang Buk Do. These collected d ata were computerized at KIST ,, using SPSS program and statistically analysed by Chi-square method. The Results of the study are as follows. First, Korean adolescent workers showed to. have the experiences of suicidal impulsivenessin 39.0% (non-accident group 40.2% ; accident group, 37.7%)t of self-injury in 17.2% (nonaccident group 13.1%) accident group, 23.0%), and of suicidal attempt in 17.196 (non-accident group,. 13.4% ; accident group, 21.0%). Second, Male adolescent workers outnumbered the female ones in the proportions of all the variables such as suicidal impulsiveness (1.3 times), self-injury (1.8 times), and suicidal attem pt (1.3 times). This tendencies were also showed both in the accident group (male and female ratio of suicidal impulsiveness is 1.6:1, of self in ju ry 1.2:1, and of suicidal attempt 1.1:1) and in the non-accident group (suicidal impulsiveness 1.3:1, self-injury 2.7:1, and suicide attem pt 1.5:1). Third, According to the presence or absence of industrial accident, suicidal trends were significan tly higher proportions in the accident group comparing with the non-accident group. Fourth, Korean adolescent workers experienced higher suicidal attempts than the report made by Min ’s Korean students study or by Jacobziner’s American adolescent study. And this tendency was predominantly observed in male adolescent workers. Fifth , Industrial accidents among Korean adolescent workers showed significant correlation with suicidal trends such as suicidal impulsiveness, self-injury of suicidal attempt, and these were statistically significant relations, especially, in female adolescent workers.

입원환자를 대상으로 한 대집단 싸이코드라마의 치료요인 연구

이후경,김선재,윤성철,이규항,홍향희,함웅 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.2

연구목적 : 본 연구는 개인정신치료와 집단정신치료의 훈련을 받은 정신과 의사라면 누구든지 쉽게 이용할 수 있는 우리나라 입원환자에게 적합한 대집단 싸이코드라마의 모델을 개발하고, 이를 입원환자에게 적용한 후 치료요인을 조사하여, 입원환자 치료에 도움이 되고자 하는 목적으로 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 본 연구는 1998년 3월부터 1998년 9월까지 계요병원 입원환자 싸이코드라마에 참가한 모든 환자들과, 보조자아로 참석한 모든 치료팀을 대상으로 하였다. 대상자는 환자가 346명(남자 152명, 여자 194명)이었고, 치료팀은 총 60명이었다. 환자에게는 13가지 치료요인 척도, 싸이코드라마에 대한 일반적인 태도 척도, 도움이 되었던 점에 대해 기술하도록 한 설문지를 사용하였으며, 치료팀에게는 13가지 치료요인과 환자에게 도움이 되었던 점에 대해 기술하도록 한 설문지를 사용하였다. 환자집단은 관객, 보조자아의 역할을 한 환자, 공유(sharing)시간에 참여한 환자, 주인공으로 나누어 치료요인을 비교하였다. 결 과 : 먼저, 환자의 관점에서 본 치료요인은 다음과 같다. 1) 싸이코드라마에서의 역할에 관계없이 거의 대부분의 환자집단에서 실존적 인지와 일차가족집단의 교정적 감정경험을 매우 중시하였다. 2) 주인공, 보조자아의 역할을 한 환자, 공유시간에 참여한 환자와 같이 어떤 형태로든 싸이코드라마에 직접적으로 참여한 환자들은 사회화 기술의 발달을 중시하였으며, 보다 직접적인 형태인 행동으로 참가한 주인공이나 보조자아의 경우 카타르시스를 중시하였다. 3) 주인공을 제외한 모든 환자들은 희망의 고취를 중시하였다. 4) 관객의 경우 치료자와 환자에 대한 동일시와 보편성을 중시하였다. 환자와의 동일시는 공유에 참가한 환자의 경우 특히 중시하였고, 보편성은 보조자아로 참가한 환자의 경우 또한 중시하였다. 다음으로 치료팀이 평가한 치료요인을 환자들이 평가한 치료요인과 비교하면, 치료팀은 환자들보다 집단응집력을 더 중시하였으며, 반면 환자들이 중시한 사회화 기술의 발달과 치료자나 환자에 대한 동일시는 매우 낮게 평가하였다. 결 론 : 환자들의 역할에 따라 세분화하여 조사한 치료요인을 통해 입원환자 대집단 싸이코드라마의 특성과 환자의 역할에 따른 치료요인의 특성을 파악할 수 있었다. 본 모델은 입원환자 치료에 쉽게 적용될 수 있었으며, 전체적으로 많은 환자들에게 도움이 되었다. Objectives : This study was performed to make a model of large group psychodrama suitable for Korean inpatients and easy for psychiatrists trained in the individual psychotherapy and the group psychotherapy to use, to investigate the therapeutic factors after applying this model to inpatients, and then to contribute to the treatment of inpatients. Methods : The study subjects were all the inpatients and the therapists(the auxiliary ego's) who participated in psychodrama from March 1998 to September 1998. The subjects were composed of 346 inpatients (152 males, 194 female) and 60 therapists. To the inpatients 13-Therapeutic Factors Scale, Scale of General Attitude to Psychodrama, and the Questionnaire describing helpful things in psychodrama were administerd. To the therapists 13-Therapeutic Factors Scale and the Questionnaire describing helpful things in psychodrama were administered. The inpatient group were divided into 4 groups(the audience, the auxiliary ego's, the participants in sharing, the protagonists). The therapeutic factors among 4 groups were compared. Results : First, the therapeutic factors described by the inpatients group were as follows : 1) Most inpatients made great account of ‘existential factor’ and ‘the corrective recapitulation of the primary family group’ regardless of their roles in psychodrama. 2) The inpatients who participated in psychodrama directly as the protagonists, the auxiliary ego's, or the participants in sharing made much account of ‘development of socializing techniques’. The inpatients who participated in psychodrama more directly as the protagonists or the auxiliary ego's made much account of ‘catharsis’. 3) All the inpatients except the protagonists made much account of ‘instillation of hope’. 4) The audience made much account of 'identification' and 'universality'. Especially,'identification with members' was much accounted of by the participants in sharing. ‘Universality’ also was much accounted of by the auxiliary ego's. Next, when we compared the therapeutic factors in the inpatient group with those in the therapist group, the therapist group made much account of ‘group cohesiveness’ which the inpatient group made little account of. And the therapist group made no account of ‘development of socializing techniques’which the inpatient group made much account of. Conclusion : By dividing the inpatient group according to their roles, we found the characteristics of the inpatient large group psychodrama and of the therapeutic factors according to the roles of the inpatients. This model could be applied to the treatment for the inpatients easily and was helpful to many inpatients on the whole.

성의식구조 및 행동양식이 청소년비행에 미치는 영향분석

함웅,이길홍,이규항,민병근 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1985 中央醫大誌 Vol.10 No.2

The present study was intended to investigate the differences of sexual attitude and behavior pattern between student and delinquent adolescents and to establish basic guide-line data for guiding adolescent delinquent, A questionaire method was used to collect the data from 1440 students of 8 junior and senior high schools in Seoul and other areas and 1'57 delinquent adolescents in 4 randomly selected correctional institution. The data were processed by a CDC-174 computer housed in the KALST using SPSS program, The statistical method employed were chi-square test, eta analysis, t-test and multiple discriminant function analysis, Results of the study were as follow. 1. Delinquent adolescents tended to have distorted sexual knowledge mainly through their peers and monthly magazine for women or adults and leatnt them later than student adolescents. They, also, want to have chance of sexual education for menstruation and pregnancy. It will be necessary to provide proper sexual education at early childhood by parents or teachers to prevent delinquent behaviors. 2. Delinquent group bad much more curiosity on sexual article than students group did, while they feltless guilt or shame. They showed their sexual behaviors or much more sexual urges after watching sexual scenes on television, It can be inferred from this finding that mass media such as television or magazine are important influencing factor for delinquent's sexual problems and need to reconsider their role at the educational point of view. 3. Delinquent adolescent had experienced higher dating with opposite sex partner than students, usually solo date rather than group date. This result suggested that adolesent related social organization or agency as well as parents should not allow adolescents to have any secret solo date or constraint date absolutely, but encourage sound dating experiences as group date. 4. Result of analysis on influencing mode of adolescent sexual behavior revealed that delinquent adolescents tended to have more cohabitation with opposite sexual partner, increased sexual urges after viewing sexual scences on television program, hanging around merry making place, watching youth forbidden movies, camping with opposite sex partner, and experience of kissing and embracing or coitus. 5. It was appeared that student and delinguent adolescents could be discriminated enoughly by 28 variables among 44 sexual related events. 6. It was revealed that cohabitation with opposite sexual partner functioned as the most important determinant of delinquent behavior in terms of discriminant analysis. Among the variables of sexual attitudes and behaviors, increased sexual urges after viewing sexual scences on television program, watching youth forbidden movies, dating experiences, sex education about purity, collecting pictures, kissing and embracing, age at first learning about sex, articles on extramarital affairs, penletters, articles on private life of public entertainer, experience of coitus, camping with opposite sex partner, and sex education about sexual relation were the contributing factors influencing on adolescent delinquent behaviors in these orders. In other words, delinquent adolescents had experienced much more sexual behaviors including increased sexual urges after viewing sexual scences on television program, dating and camping or kissing and embracing with opposite sex partners, and coitus. They experienced highly sexual concern about watching youth forbidden movies, collecting pictures, and articles on private life of public entertainers.

정신병환자의 통합치료를 위한 낮병원 모델

함웅,김선재,윤성철,성상경,이규항,이후경 大韓神經精神醫學會 1997 신경정신의학 Vol.36 No.6

본 연구는 통합치료를 위한 낮병원 모델을 소개하고, 이 모델의 낮병원 치료를 시행하여 그 결과를 평가하고 시행과정 중에 나타난 특징을 분석하며, 우리 실정에 맞는 낮병원 모델을 발전시켜. 정신병환자를 효과적으로 돕고 사회 재적응을 촉진시키기 위한 목적으로 실시되었다. 본 모델의 낮병원 치료를 1996년 5월부터 12월까지 총 25명의 환자를 대상으로 실시하였다. BPRS. 삶의 만족 척도, 프로그램 유익성 척도, 13가지 치료요인 척도, 가장 중요한 사건 설문지를 낮병원 치료초기와 말기에 시행하여 그 결과를 중심으로 낮병원 모델에 대한 평가를 하였다. 본 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 본 낮병원 모델은 나이, 입원횟수, 유병기간. 기능수준에 있어 다양한 환자들에게 광범위한 치료를 제공할 수 있었다. 2)본 낮병원 모델은 치료효과라는 측면에서 볼 때 주로 음상증상을 호전시키고 주관적인 삶의 만족도를 높여주는데 기여하였다. 3) 상위기능집단과 하위기능집단으로 나누었을 때 상위기능집단에서는 집단정신치료, 싸이코드라마등 비구조적이고 자신의 내면을 깊이 있게 탐구를 할 수 있는 치료를 높이 평가하였으나 하위기능집단에서는 그렇지 않았다. 그러므로 두 집단으로 나누어 낮병원 치료를 진행하는 것이 더 효과적일 수 있다. 4) 치료요인의 결과를 살펴보면 상위기능집단과 하위기능집단 모두 치료가 진행됨에 따라 작용하는 치료요인에 차이가 있었으며. 상위기능집단은 말기에 대인관계학습을 더 중요시하였고. 하위기능집단은 말기에 사회화 기술의 발달을 더 중요시하였다 그러므로 상위기능집단은 낮병원 종결 후 장기외래환자 집단정신치료에. 하위기능집단은 사회복귀시설에 참여하는 것이 타당할 것으로 생각된다. 5) 본 낮병원 모델은 전체적으로 운영하기가 편하였고, 치료인력을 최대한 효율적으로 사용 할 수 있게 하였다. Objects : The purpose of this study was to present a day hospital model(hereinafter called as "this model" ) for integrated therapy, to evaluate the result of performing this model, and thus to develop day hospital model for helping psychotic patients effectively and promoting social re-adaptation. Methods : The authors performed this day hospital model from 1996, May to December. A total of 25 psychotic patients participated in this study. BPRS, Life Satisfaction Se1f-Rating Scale, Program Helpfulness Scale, 13 Therapeutic Factors Scale, and Most Important Event Questionnaire were used at the start of day hospital treatment and at the end. Results : The results were as fo11ows : 1) In this model, It was possible to offer the wide treatment to heterogeneous patients who varied in age, number of admission, duration of illness, and functional level. 2) In the aspect of therapeutic effect, this model contributed for improving negative symptoms and increasing subjective life satisfaction 3) When the patients were divided into the higher functional level group and the lower functional level group, the higher functional level group set a high value on group psycho-therapy and psychodrama that were unstructured and could make patients explore their inner side deeply. But the lower functional level group did not so. Therefore dividing into two groups by functional level may be more effective for day hospital treatment. 4) Therapeutic factors were different between the periods of der hospital treatment. And in the higher functional level group, 'interpersonal learning' was important at the last period, but in the lower functional level group, 'socializing technique' was important at the last period. So long-term group psychotherapy may be more suitable for the artier-care of the higher functional level group, and day care or other psychosocial rehabilitation programs may be more suitable for the after-care of the lower functional level group. 5) This model was easy to apply to Korean day hospital setting, and made staffs treat patients efficiently. Conclusion: This day hospital model would be used effectively and efficiently in Korean day hospital setting.

한국판 분열형 성격척도의 타당화 예비연구

함웅,김묘은,이흥표,양익홍,문희옥 大韓神經精神醫學會 1997 신경정신의학 Vol.36 No.2

In order to product and develop questionnaire which can assess the schizotypal personality by model of criteria in DSM-Ⅲ-R, it was presented following question in this study. First, for the validation and manufacture of scale and sub-subscale that assess overall feature, nine characteristics of the schizotypal personality disorder, this study was concerned with validity, reliability and factor-analysis results of schizotypal personality questionnaire. Second, we would by present how schizotypal personality disorder trend is connected with trait-anxiety, hopelessness and self-concept. Also the difference is compared with. Finally, 396(male 216 Ss/53,8%, female 180 Ss/45.5%) college students with mean age 21.2 years were sampled. Raine(1991)'s schizotypal personality questionnaire(SPQ) which assess nine characterisitics of schizotypal personality disorder in DSM-Ⅲ-R was translated and used. In this results, Raine's schizotypal personality questionnaire was appeared to have high internal validity, split-half reliability and test-retest reliability. Also, 6 factors were affirmed by empirical confirmation through factor-analysis. 6 factors have been very reliable internal validity that ranges from .78 to .83. In these 6 factors, idea of reference, odd or eccentric behavior and odd speech were corresponded to the category model after DSM-Ⅲ-R in Raine's scale. 'Cognitive, perceptive' dimension was centered of factor 1, 'Emotive, affective' dimension was centered of factor 2, social anxiety and constricted affect were constituted to 2nd factor. No close friends, schizoid trend and suspiciousness of schizotypal characteristics were constituted to 3rd factor by 'interpersonal relationship' dimension. These empirical outcomes which confirmed through factor-analysis were very valid and connected much to Raine's scale which assessed schizotypal personality disorder, thus possibility of development and manufacture of schizotypal personality disorder scale through item revision was lighten. In 2nd study the higher schizotypal personality disorder trend, trait-anxiety and hoplessness were higher. But on the contrary, self-concept was lower. The group of high score in schizotypal personality questionnaire had more trait-anxiety and hopelessness than the group of low score in schizotypal personality questionnaire. Contrastly, positive self-concept was high in the group of low score. Also the most predictable variable to the trait-anxiety was factor 2, predictable power R²of factor 2 was 29.1%. To the hopelessness, factor 2 was the most powerful predictable variable. Predictable power of factor 2 was 11.2%, also. In self-concept, factor 2 explained 20.8% of self-concept, thus it was presented that factor 2 had the most powerful explanatory quantity. In these consequences, the factors which have meaningful connection to the trait-anxiety, hopelessness and low self-concept within 6 factors were really factor 2, 3, 1. Among these factors, "Emotive' feature of factor 2 including social anxiety and constricted affect have the most effect on trait-anxiety, hopelessness and self-concept. And next to factor 2, the isolated interpersonal relation which include no close friends and schizoid trend was some influential variable. Also peculiar, unusual preceptual experience, eccentric belief and magical thinking had some effect though small. The college students who had strong schizotypal personality trend had more social anxiety and more constricted emotional empathic ability, less self-expression, less social skill than common college sudents. These elements threaten, interrupt and retard identity establishment and intimacy-seeking which are important developmental tasks within this period. These experiences is accepted to ego-dystonic to schizotypal college students who have some or moderate reality testing, adaptive ability. Moreover, These peoples would feel locus of contol externally, not internally and would have more control-failure experiences. All these elemets elevate anxiety level, give rise to low self-concept and low expectation to the future. These outcomes all confirmed questions which presented in this study.

측두엽 간질과 우울의 관계

황성훈,함웅 大韓神經精神醫學會 2004 신경정신의학 Vol.43 No.4

Objectives : Regarding the relationship between the laterality of seizure focus and depression in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), previous studies reported inconsistent results. The role of frontal function as moderating variable between laterality and depres-sion had been proposed. We attempted to replicate functional involvement of frontal lobe (FIFL) and, as an effort to extend previous findings, to test the functional involvement of parietal lobe (FIPL) to prove the hypothesis derived from Heller's Valen-cearousal theory of emotion. Methods : In study 1, Patients with TLE (right 19, left 17) performed MMPI-D as a depression measure, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) as a frontal function measure, and block design (BD) as a parietal function measure in the course of pre-operation assessment. Multiple regression model of depression which includes the interaction terms both between laterality and WCST and between laterality and BD were tested, In study 2, Patients underwent anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL ; right 20, left 25) were assessed and analyzed in the same way as study 1. Results : In study 1, contrary to the FIFL and FIPL prediction, interaction of laterality with WCST or BD were not significant. In study 2, the interaction with frontal function was significant, Consistent with FLFL prediction, depression came to be evident when seizure focus was lateralized to the left side and simultaneously frontal function declined. But the interaction with BD remained insignificant, which suggests the invalidity of FIPL hypothesis. Conclusion : We replicated the FIFL hypothesis in the depression of ATL patients. The relation of depression with frontal function was more evident in post rather than pre operation sample. This pattern may be due to the inter-hemispheric interference of frontal functions in pre-operation sample and to the release-of-function phenomenon in post-operation sample. On the other hand, we did not succeed in confirming the role of pahetal function in depression. Intactness of the parietal function in TLE was considered as the main cause of the negative finding.

事故와 月經週期간의 相互關係

石在鎬,咸雄,朴東哲 大韓神經精神醫學會 1981 신경정신의학 Vol.20 No.1

Although there have been many studies in the accident proneness, little attention appears to have been given to the part possibly played by menstruation. In some previous studies of menstrual disorders, it was observed that the reaction time was slow and the judgement impaired during the premenstrual period. As both judgement and reaction time are important factors in the avoidance of accidents, it was felt that a study of women involved in accidents might reveal a correlation between accident and menstruation. The author surveyed menstrual cycle of 90 patients with accidents who visited Han Gang Sacred Heart Hospital from 1st June 1979... to 31st Aug. 1980. In order to determine the phase in which they met the accidents and to explore the correlation between accident and menstruation, the menstruation cycle of 28 days was divided into seven, 4-day periods by Dalton's method. The results were as follows: The accidents of 90 patients were found to have ocurred most frequently during menstrual period(18.9%), followed by the period of the 5th day through the 8th day (16.7%), mid-cycle period (16.7%), and premenstrual period (16.7%). A total of 35.6% of the patients had accidents during menstrual and premenstrual period. The author, therefore, suggested that there was a relationship between the phases of the menstrual cycle and accidents.

조현병 환자에서 장기지속형 항정신병 주사제 팔리페리돈 팔미테이트의 효능과 안전 : 24주 개방형 연구

강현구,함웅,손인기,백인호,Kang, Hyun-Ku,Hahm, Woong,Shon, In-Ki,Paik, In-Ho 대한생물정신의학회 2013 생물정신의학 Vol.20 No.3

Objectives We investigated the effectiveness and safety when treated in schizophrenics with paliperidone palmitate, a long acting injectable antipsychotic. Methods This was a 24-week open-label study, performed at one center in Korea. The eligible patients with schizophrenia diagnosed by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) criteria were enrolled. Patients received long-acting paliperidone palmitate injection (234 mg, baseline; 156 mg, week 1 ; then once 4 weeks flexible dosing). Effectiveness assessments were measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), The Clinical Global Impression Severity Scale (CGI-S), The Personal and Social Performance (PSP) at baseline, week 1, every 4 weeks untill 24 weeks or endpoint. Safety assessments were measured by The Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale (ESRS), body weight (BW) and incidence of adverse events. Oral antipsychotics were stopped or tapered off within next 14 days. Results Of 20 patients recruited, 9 patients (45%) completed the study. Paliperidone palmitate produced a significant improvement in PANSS total score from baseline to endpoint. The response rate was 75% [mean change (${\pm}SD$) $-25.9{\pm}14.4$, all p < 0.001]. The CGI-S and PSP total scores significantly improved during 24 weeks (All p < 0.001). Eighty percent of patients reported adverse events and most common adverse events (${\geq}10%$) in paliperidone palmitate were anticholinergic adverse event, extrapyramidal symptoms, weight gain, akathisia, insomnia, headache, agitation, anxiety and GI trouble. ESRS score is not statistically significant, but tends to get better at the end of the study when compared to baseline. Conclusions Our study results demonstrated maintained effectiveness and safety of paliperidone palmitate treatment in schizophrenics. And provides both clinicians and patients with a new choice of treatment that can improve the outcome of long term therapy. Their potential effectiveness and safety should be better addressed by future randomized-controlled trials.

주의력결핍 과잉행동장애의 약물치료에 대한 일반 대중의 인식

김학철,함웅,손인기,서정석,홍계현 대한정신약물학회 2014 대한정신약물학회지 Vol.25 No.3

ObjectivezzThe aim of this study was to examine 1) public knowledge and perceptions about attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and 2) factors influencing the public’s decisions to adhere to ADHD pharmacotherapy. MethodszzIn this study, 396 participants responded to the internet survey regarding their experiences, beliefs and treatment preferences about ADHD. Resultszz252 respondents (63.6%) were reluctant to pharmacological treatment of ADHD. The respondents chose the functional impairment of the brain as the main cause of ADHD were favorable to pharmacological treatment and scored significantly high on the ADHD Knowledge Questionnaire. On the other hand, the respondents who regarded ADHD as an overly active personality rather than a disease were skeptical to pharmacotherapy and scored significantly low. The respondents who were acquainted with someone who had been diagnosed with ADHD perceived themselves relatively well informed about ADHD. However, the subjective perception of the degree of knowledge of ADHD was not correlated with the objective score of the ADHD Knowledge Questionnaire. ConclusionzzThe public is not well informed about ADHD and its treatments. Culturally appropriate psychoeducational strategies based on the media and the internet are needed. Providing biomedical conceptualization of ADHD to the public may aid with treatment decisions and promote adherence to pharmacological treatment. 본 연구에서는 ADHD에 대한 대중의 인식과 그들이 ADHD의 약물 치료를 선택하는 데 영향을 미치는 인자를 파악하기 위하여 인터넷 설문 조사에 응답한 396명의 자료를 분석하였다. 응답자들이 ADHD에 관한 지식을 얻은 주요 경로는 신문, 방송과 같은 대중 매체와 인터넷으로 나타났다. 3분의 1 이상 (36.6%)의 응답자들이 ADHD의 주요 병인으로 ‘부모의 양육태도’를 선택하였다. ADHD를 진단 받더라도 약물을 사용을 하지 않겠다고 대답한 경우는 63.6%였다. ADHD의 병인으로 ‘뇌기능장애’를 선택한 응답자들은 그 외의 병인을 선택한 경우에 비하여 약물요법에 호의적이었으며 ADHD에 관한 지식을 측정하는 문항에 대한 평균 점수가 유의하게 높았다. 반면에 ADHD는 질병이 아니라 과도하게 활동적인 성격이라고 대답한 응답자들은 약물요법에 비호의적이었으며 지식을 측정하는 문항에 대한 평균 점수가 유의하게 낮았다. 본인이나 주변의 인물 중에 ADHD를 진단 받은 인물이 있는 응답자는 본인이 ADHD에 대하여 비교적 잘 알고 있다고 생각하였다. 그러나 본인이 주관적으로 평가하는 ADHD에 대한 지식의 수준과 객관적으로 평가한 실제 지식의 수준은 상관 관계가 없는 것으로 나타났다. ADHD 아동에게 적절한 진단과 치료를 받을 수 있는 기회를 제공하기 위해서는 대중을 대상으로 ADHD의 생물의학적 병인론을 바탕으로 한 교육이 필요하며 이를 위하여 대중매체와 인터넷을 활용하는 것이 효율적일 것이다