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Pregnancy and Abnormal Vaginal Flora
오수영 대한주산의학회 2020 Perinatology Vol.31 No.3
There is no doubt that ascending infection originated from vagina is the main route of intra-amniotic infection (or inflammation), which account for 40-50% of preterm birth. Abnormal vaginal flora can be classified into bacterial vaginosis and aerobic vaginitis. Bacterial vaginosis is characterized by decreased Lactobacilli and overgrowth of anaerobic microorganisms among which Gardnerella vaginalis and Mycoplasma are most common. Such microorganisms have low virulence unless they invade intra-amniotic cavity. Aerobic vaginitis, on the other hand, was recently defined in Europe as a disruption of normal Lactobacillary flora and overgrowth of aerobic microorganisms accompanied by increased inflammatory response in vaginal epithelium. Escherichia coli is one of the most common microorganisms responsible for aerobic vaginitis. Although bacterial vaginosis is a well-known risk factor for preterm birth, most clinical trials for treatment of bacterial vaginosis, especially using metronidazole, failed to decrease adverse pregnancy outcomes including preterm birth. Only some studies used early treatment of clindamycin showed a decrease in preterm birth. Meanwhile, considering that microorganisms causing neonatal sepsis are mostly aerobes such as E. coli or Staphylococcus aureus, there is a need for further studies to elucidate the link between aerobic vaginitis and adverse pregnancy outcome including preterm birth. This review summarizes the classification, diagnosis, association with adverse pregnancy outcome, and treatment of abnormal vaginal flora during pregnancy. It also presents the recent studies on aerobic vaginitis, vaginal E. coli colonization, and clinical significance of abnormal vaginal flora in preterm labor and preterm premature rupture of membrane.
A Highly Effective and Long-Lasting Inhibition of miRNAs with PNA-Based Antisense Oligonucleotides
오수영,YeongSoon Ju,박희경 한국분자세포생물학회 2009 Molecules and cells Vol.28 No.4
MiRNAs are non-coding RNAs that play a role in the regu-lation of major processes. The inhibition of miRNAs using antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) is a unique and effec-tive technique for the characterization and subsequent therapeutic targeting of miRNA function. Recent advances in ASO chemistry have been used to increase both the resistance to nucleases and the target affinity and specific-ity of these ASOs. Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) are artificial oligonucleo-tides constructed on a peptide-like backbone. PNAs have a stronger affinity and greater specificity to DNA or RNA than natural nucleic acids and are resistant to nucleases, which is an essential characteristic for a miRNA inhibitor that will be exposed to serum and cellular nucleases. For increasing cell penetration, PNAs were conjugated with cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) at N-terminal. Among the tested CPPs, Tat-modified peptide-conjugated PNAs have most effective function for miRNA inhibition. PNA-based ASO was more effective miRNA inhibitor than other DNA-based ASOs and did not show cytotoxicity at concen-tration up to 1,000 nM. The effects of PNA-based ASOs were shown to persist for 9 days. Also, PNA-based ASOs showed considerable stability at storage temperature. These results suggest that PNA-based ASOs are more effective ASOs of miRNA than DNA-based ASOs and PNA-based ASO technology, compared with other technologies used to inhibit miRNA activity can be an effective tool for investigating miRNA functions.
중·조·한 항일시가 비교연구 -최삼룡의『항일시가집』을 중심으로
오수영 춘원연구학회 2022 춘원연구학보 Vol.- No.25
이 논문에서는 최삼룡의 『항일시가집』을 텍스트로 중국, 조선, 한국에서 나온 항일시가의 부동한 버전들에 대해 키워드나 시구들에 착안하여 서로 다른 점을 구체적으로 비교, 고찰한 기초 위에서 중국·조선·한국 항일시가의 수집과 정리과정에 현실적 콘텍스트 속에서 어떻게 취사선택을 하였는지, 그 항일 서사와 담론에 대해 비교, 고찰을 했고 그 혼종성에 대해 살펴보았다. 분석결과를 보면 중국과 조선의 항일시가는 주제사상에서 많은 비슷한 양상을 나타내고 있다. 그러나 각자는 '중국 식' 사회주의와 '우리식' 사회주의 콘텍스트 속에서 부동한 양상을 나타내고 있다. 중국의 항일시가는 비교적 순수하게 무산계급, 사회주의적 이념을 나타냈다면 조선의 항일시가는 중국공산당 중심으로 전개된 표현들과 레닌, 소비에트와 같은 소련 색이 거세되고 민족적이고 주체적인 경향을 많이 보인다. 한국의 항일시가를 보면 이념이나 체제가 근본적으로 다른 자본주의의 콘텍스트 속에서 '한인', '대한', '광복군'과 같은 이념적 색채가 없지 않아 있지만 그래도 독립에 초점을 맞춘 민족주의 경향을 보인다. 자료의 신빙성차원에서 놓고 볼 때 중국의 경우를 보면 항일투사 본인들이 제공한 원시자료에 근거했거나 그들이 직접 편찬에 나서기도 했고 또한 이런 자료들은 연구에 제공되거나 역사증명의 자료로 제공되었다. 조선의 경우는 항일시가 자료취급에서 현실의 정치공리성에 묶여 너무나 자기합리화적으로 이용하는데 문제가 있다. 한국의 경우를 보면 항일시가 자료의 수집과 정리에 있어서 철저히 민족주의 이념에 준하고 있다.
Measurement of Nonlinear RCS of Electronic Targets for Nonlinear Detection
오수영,차규호,홍하영,박홍수,홍순기 한국전자파학회 2022 Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science Vol.22 No.4
The conventional radar technology is based on linear detection—i.e., the same transmit and receive frequencies are used. However, with linear radars, difficulties arise when detecting electronic objects with relatively small radar cross section (RCS). To overcome these limitations, a nonlinear radar that can detect nonlinear responses (i.e., harmonic and intermodulation) scattered by electronic devices due to nonlinear interaction can be utilized. Nonlinear radars require a different analysis from linear radars for analyzing RCS. In this paper, we present an experimental analysis of the nonlinear RCS of various electronic devices. Unlike linear radars, RCS in nonlinear radars is determined by the amount of nonlinear responses backscattered to the radar. Therefore, we derive a radar equation accustomed to harmonic radars that consists of nonlinear RCS. We then obtain and analyze the nonlinear RCS of various targets from the measured harmonic responses of the targets based on the nonlinear radar equation.