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Lee, K.-A.,Lee, M.-J.,Yu, J.-S.,Kim, H.-J. JAPAN INSTITUTE OF METALS 2014 MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS Vol.55 No.3
This study investigated the effect of powder preheating temperature on the properties of titanium coating layers made through the kinetic spray process. Specifically, kinetic sprayed coating layers were made under three different conditions with regard to powder preheating temperatures: no preheating, 500 degrees C, and 800 degrees C in manufacturing processes. Titanium coating layers using pure powder feedstock were made regardless of the powder preheating temperature without any change in phase. The porosity and hardness values of the coating layers were as follows: 3.3%, 281 Hv under the no preheating condition; 2.6%, 232 Hv under 500 degrees C preheating, and; 0.4%, 224 Hv under 800 degrees C preheating. As the powder preheating temperature increased, porosity decreased remarkably, and hardness increased; thus enabling the formation of denser coating layer. Note, however, that the thin oxide on the interface of the deposited particles increased as the powder preheating temperatures increased. The optimum process condition for manufacturing pure titanium coating layer was also discussed.
Highly oscillating thin obstacles
Lee, K.a.,Stromqvist, M.,Yoo, M. Academic Press ; Elsevier Science B.V. Amsterdam 2013 Advances in mathematics Vol.237 No.-
The focus of this paper is on a thin obstacle problem where the obstacle is defined on the intersection between a hyper-plane Γ in R<SUP>n</SUP> and a periodic perforation T<SUB>ε</SUB> of R<SUP>n</SUP>, depending on a small parameter ε>0. As ε→0, it is crucial to estimate the frequency of intersections and to determine this number locally. This is done using strong tools from uniform distribution. By employing classical estimates for the discrepancy of sequences of type {kα}<SUB>k=1</SUB><SUP>~</SUP>, α@?R, we are able to extract rather precise information about the set Γ@?T<SUB>ε</SUB>. As ε→0, we determine the limit u of the solution u<SUB>ε</SUB> to the obstacle problem in the perforated domain, in terms of a limit equation it solves. We obtain the typical ''strange term'' behavior for the limit problem, but with a different constant taking into account the contribution of all different intersections, that we call the averaged capacity. Our result depends on the normal direction of the plane, but holds for a.e. normal on the unit sphere in R<SUP>n</SUP>.
Lee, K.A.,Kim, B.,Bhin, J.,Kim, D.,You, H.,Kim, E.K.,Kim, S.H.,Ryu, J.H.,Hwang, D.,Lee, W.J. Elsevier Inc., Cell Press Imprint 2015 Cell host & microbe Vol.17 No.2
Genetic studies in Drosophila have demonstrated that generation of microbicidal reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the NADPH dual oxidase (DUOX) is a first line of defense in the gut epithelia. Bacterial uracil acts as DUOX-activating ligand through poorly understood mechanisms. Here, we show that the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway modulates uracil-induced DUOX activation. Uracil-induced Hh signaling is required for intestinal expression of the calcium-dependent cell adhesion molecule Cadherin 99C (Cad99C) and subsequent Cad99C-dependent formation of endosomes. These endosomes play essential roles in uracil-induced ROS production by acting as signaling platforms for PLCβ/PKC/Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>-dependent DUOX activation. Animals with impaired Hh signaling exhibit abolished Cad99C-dependent endosome formation and reduced DUOX activity, resulting in high mortality during enteric infection. Importantly, endosome formation, DUOX activation, and normal host survival are restored by genetic reintroduction of Cad99C into enterocytes, demonstrating the important role for Hh signaling in host resistance to enteric infection.
Drosophila as a model for intestinal dysbiosis and chronic inflammatory diseases
Lee, K.A.,Lee, W.J. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science 2014 DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY Vol.42 No.1
The association between deregulated intestinal microbial consortia and host diseases has been recognized since the birth of microbiology over a century ago. Intestinal dysbiosis refers to a state where living metazoans harbor harmful intestinal microflora. However, there is still an issue of whether causality arises from the host or the microbe because it is unclear whether deregulation of the gut microbiota community is the consequence or cause of the host disease. Recent studies using Drosophila and its simple microbiota have provided a valuable model system for dissecting the molecular mechanisms of intestinal dysbiosis. In this review, we examine recent exciting observations in Drosophila gut-microbiota interactions, particularly the links among the host immune genotype, the microbial community structure, and the host inflammatory phenotype. Future genetic analyses using Drosophila model system will provide a valuable outcome for understanding the evolutionarily conserved mechanisms that underlie intestinal dysbiosis and chronic inflammatory diseases.
Lee, K.A.,Lee, Ho.J.,Lee, He.J.,Chun, D.S,Jeon, W.K.,Kim, Y.W.,Kim, I.S. 全北大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1987 基礎科學 Vol.10 No.1
It is well know that there are two ways to define Chern classes of complex vector bundles. One gives the definition of Chern classes by the five axioms([2],[3],[4]), and an other defines Chern classes with the associated projective space bundle of a given bundle ([1].[5]). The purpose of this paper is to describe the latter way in detail and to give new proofs of that our Chern classes satisfy the five axioms with respect to Chern classes (for example Theorem 5).
Olli-Pekka Ryynänen,Timo Leppänen,Pekka Kekolahti,Esa Mervaala,Juha Töyräs 대한의료정보학회 2018 Healthcare Informatics Research Vol.24 No.4
Objectives: The association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and mortality or serious cardiovascular events over a long period of time is not clearly understood. The aim of this observational study was to estimate the clinical effectiveness of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment on an outcome variable combining mortality, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and cerebrovascular insult (CVI) during a follow-up period of 15.5 years (186 ± 58 months). Methods: The data set consisted of 978 patients with an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ≥5.0. One-third had used CPAP treatment. For the first time, a data-driven causal Bayesian network (DDBN) and a hypothesis-driven causal Bayesian network (HDBN) were used to investigate the effectiveness of CPAP. Results: In the DDBN, coronary heart disease (CHD), congestive heart failure (CHF), and diuretic use were directly associated with the outcome variable. Sleep apnea parameters and CPAP treatment had no direct association with the outcome variable. In the HDBN, CPAP treatment showed an average improvement of 5.3 percentage points in the outcome. The greatest improvement was seen in patients aged ≤55 years. The effect of CPAP treatment was weaker in older patients (>55 years) and in patients with CHD. In CHF patients, CPAP treatment was associated with an increased risk of mortality, AMI, or CVI. Conclusions: The effectiveness of CPAP is modest in younger patients. Long-term effectiveness is limited in older patients and in patients with heart disease (CHD or CHF).
( Pekka Ahtiala ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 1994 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.9 No.4
The paper generates the approaches as special cases of a general model, finding out the assumptions necessary to produce their propositions. The monetarist propositions essentially follow from perfect capital mobility, whereas those of the Keynesian elasticity-absorption approach are a consequence of the "Keynesian neutral monetary policy" assumption. This and the fixed-income version of the monetarist approach turn out to be independent special cases of the general model, each approach abstracting from what the other is analyzing. However, the "orthodox neutral monetary policy" version of the Keynesian approach nests the basic monetarist model. Several results, such as the additional assumptions required for the monetarist effects and the inappropriateness of describing this approach as a long-run theory are also derived.
Seika Tay-Consultant 한국펄프·종이공학회 1999 한국펄프종이학회 기타 간행물 Vol.- No.-
Contaminants such as fatty acids, triglycerides, resin acids and foam collected from a high yield sulfite weak liquor storage tank lowered the water surface tension and reduced inter-fibre bonding but also tended to benefit sheet opacity. Some common wet end additives such as defoamers and dispersants gave similar results. Lignosulfonate and naphthalene sulfonate showed little if any negative effect on both surface tension and sheet strength properties. Among the natural wood extractives, fatty acids were identified to be most detrimental followed by triglycerides and then resin acids.<br/> In order to alleviate the detrimental impact of these contaminants, membrane separation, air floatation and ozone treatment were carried out on paper machine white water samples. The effect of these treatments on removal of fatty and resin acids was quantified by a GC-Mass analysis. Reverse osmosis with a 1000 molecular weight cut off membrane failed to totally reject fatty and resin acids, but markedly reduced losses of sheet properties due to contaminants. Ozone treatment resulted in a significant increase of the surface tension and air floatation was considered to be a practical and useful method for removing fatty and resin acids from the machine white water.