活性슬러지工程의 最適 運轉因子에 關한 硏究 -江陵下水處理場을 中心으로

崔善道,曺圭敏 三陟大學校 2001 論文集 Vol.34 No.2

A sewage treatment plant which has been operated by the treatment process of conventional activated sludge process and its optimal operating factors depends on a condition of its design and environment. This study was carried out by experiments to exhibit optimal operating factors of the Sludge process. The sewage was inflowed regularly but in winter. The concentration of Inflow water appeared that of spring/summer is higher than that of autumn/winter. The removal rate of BOD/SS sppeared in the order of summer>spring>autumn>winter. MLSS was maintained high in winter/spring, low in summer/autumn, because it changes according to the temperature of the aeration tank and pollutional concentration of the inflow water. The optimal operating factors can improve the process efficiency and operate easily at the sewage treatment plant. The results of this study were summarized as follow; 1) In the winter, it has been measured that DO is 1.5mg/ℓ, MLSS is 2,191mg/ℓ, SV?? Is 15%, a load of BOD-SS(F/M ratio) is 0.16, SVI is 68, SRT is 10 day, the return rate of sludge is 44%. 2) In the spring, it has been measured that DO is 2.3mg/ℓ, MLSS is 2,047mg/ℓ, SV??is 21%, a load of BOD-SS(F/M ratio) is 0.15, SVI is 106, SRT is 6 day, the return rate of sludge is 37%. 3)In the summer, it has been measured that DO is 0.8mg/ℓ, MLSS is 1,653mg/ℓ, SV?? is 8.5%, a load of BOD-SS(F/M ratio) is 0.3, SVI is 51.6, SRT is 4 day, the return rate of sludge is 33%. 4) In the autumn, it has been measured that DO is 0.7mg/ℓ, MLSS is 1,560mg/ℓ, SV?? is 9.7%, a load of BOD-SS(F/M ratio) is 0.17, SVI is 62, SRT is 7.91 day, the return rate of sludge is 38%.

GPS 항법을 위한 미지정수 추정 및 반송파 위상을 이용한 위치 결정기법

최규일,심덕선 중앙대학교 정보통신연구소 2000 정보통신연구소논문집 Vol.2 No.2

동체의 항법을 수행하기 위한 정확한 위치를 계산하기 위해 우리는 일반적으로 반송파 위상(carrier phase)을 사용한다. 하지만 하나의 수신기로부터 얻은 반송파 위상 측정치는많은 오차에 의해 영향을 받는다. 그러므로 일반적으로 차분된 반송파 위상 측정기를 사용하게 된다. 하지만 차분 방법으로도 초기 미지정수는 제거되지 않으므로 미지정수 결정을위한 방법이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 칼만 필터(Kalman filter)와 LSAST(Least Squares Ambiguity Search Technique)와 ARCE(Ambiguity Resolution with Constraint Equation)와 같은 검색 기법을결합한 미지정수 추정기법과 이를 이용한 위치 결정기법에 대해 설명하였다. 제안된 알고리즘을 검증하기 위해 정적, 동적 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. In order to calculate the precise position of vehicles for navigation, we usually use carrier phase measurements. Carrier phase measured form only one GPS receiver is affected by various errors. Therefore, we usually use double-difference carrier phase measurements. But integer ambiguity is not eliminated, therefor we need integer ambiguity determination method. In this paper, we formulate ambiguity algorithm using Kalman filter and several search methods such as LSAST(Least Squares Ambiguity Search Technique) and ARCE(Ambiguity Resolution with Constraint Equation). To analyze the proposed algorithm, static and kinematic simulations were performed.

장군봉(봉화군) 일대의 식물상

한종원, 양선규, 최슬기, 장창석, 김규식, 오병운 忠北大學校部設基礎科學硏究所 2007 自然科學硏究 Vol.21 No.-

-본문참고-

백두대간(추풍령-덕유산)구간의 식물상

한종원, 양선규, 최슬기, 장창석, 오병운 忠北大學校部設基礎科學硏究所 2007 自然科學硏究 Vol.21 No.-

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문수산(봉화군) 일대의 식물상

한종원, 양선규, 최슬기, 장창석, 김규식, 오병운 忠北大學校部設基礎科學硏究所 2007 自然科學硏究 Vol.21 No.-

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農民技術受容에 影響을 주는 要因의 比較分析 : 關係機關과 情報傳達媒體를 中心으로

鄭址雄,崔敏浩,金性洙,徐圭善,李昶植 서울大學校 農科大學 1984 서울대농학연구지 Vol.9 No.2

The purpose of the study was to analyze the variables affecting farmers' adoption process of agricultural innovations in Korea. Specific objectives of the study were to ; (1) review the adoption process and the variables associated with this process, (2) investigate the rate of adoption of selected agricultural innovations in the fields of rice production, animal husbandary and horticulture, (3) analyze communication media and change agencies or institutions which affected the adoption of agricultural innovations, and (4) identify the relations of the farmers' adoption and communication exposure behavior. Data for the study were collected from 393 cluster sampled farmers out of selected 17 rural villages in Korea. Five graduate students and three faculty members of Seoul National University participated in conducting interview with pre-tested questionnairs. The data were analyzed by HP 3,000 computer in the College of Agriculture, Seoul National University. Major statistical techniques used for the study were frequency distribution, chi-square and discriminant analysis. Statistical significance was tested at .05 level. The major findings of the study were as follows : 1. Variables associated with the agricultural adoption process were classified into the following six categories ; (1) perceived characteristics of agricultural innovations, (2) personality and characteristics of adopters, (3) the patterns of communication media or channels, (4) efforts of change agents. (5) priorities in agricultural development policies, and (6) characteristics of social system. 2. Rats of adoption were about 83% in application of silicate fertilizers on rice seed bed, 41% in feeding calf starter known as artificial milk to calves, 56% vinyl mulching practices in vegetable cultivation, and 67% in spreading raw rice straw on paddy land to improve soil conditions. 3. Time lag between awareness and adoption appeared to be about seven months in application of silicate fertilizers on rice seed bed, and about a year in feeding calf starter. 4. Change agent interpersonal communication revealed to be the most important factor affecting farmers' awareness in application of silicate fertilizers on rice seed bed, in feeding calf starter, and in spreading raw rice straw on paddy land, while localite interpersonal communication in vinyl mulching practices in vegetable cultivation. 5. Change agent interpersonal communication appeared to be the most important factor affecting farmers' adoption in application of silicate fertilizers on rice seed bed and in feeding calf-starter, Localite interpersonal communications were more important in vinyl mulching practices of vegetable cultivation and in spreading raw rice straw. Localite interpersonal communications were more important factor at adoption stage than at awarenss stage. 6. Agricultural extension agencies appeared to be the most important factor affecting farmers' adoption in application of silicate fertilizers on rice seed bed, in feeding calf starter, and in vinyl mulching practices. Based on the results of this study, the following are recommended for further development of agricultural extension services and effective adoption process of agricultural innovation. 1. The variables associated with the agricultural innovation decision process should be taken into consideration to improve effectiveness of change agencies or agricultural extension services. 2. Effective use of communication media along with the feedback messages from the change agency as well as client system be considered to increase effectiveness and meaningfulness of both systems. 3. Innovative agricultural research be continually sharpen its focus on the highest priority needs of client system by utilizing feedback from farmers through the communication link of change agents. 4. A long-term educational approach by using various communication media be emphasized, and regular field survey on innovation-decision process will prevent discontinuance of innovations.

THE KOMPSAT-I PAYLOADS OVERVIEW

Park, Hong Yul,Choi, Gi Hyuk,Yoon, Hyeong Sik,Lee, Seunghoon,Woo, Sun Hee,Shim, Hyung Sik,Oh, Kyoung Hwan,Cho, Young Min,Yong, Sang Soon,Lee, Sang Gyu,Heo, Haeng Pal 대한원격탐사학회 1998 International Symposium on Remote Sensing Vol.14 No.1

Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KAKI) is developing a Korea Multi-Purpose Satellite I (KOMPSAT-1) which accommodates Electro-Optical Camera (EOC), Ocean Scanning Multi-spectral Imager (OSMI), and Space Physics Sensor (SPS). The satellite has the weight of about 500kg and will be operated on the 10:50 AM sun-synchronized orbit with the altitude of 685 km. The satellite will be launched in 1999 and its lifetime is expected to be over 3 years. The main mission of EOC is the cartography to provide the images from a remote earth view for the production of 1/25000-scale maps of KOREA. EOC collects 510 - 730 nm panchromatic imagery with the ground sample distance(GSD) of 6.6 m and the swath width of 17 km by push broom scanning. EOC also can scan ±45 degree across the ground track using body pointing method. The primary mission of OSMI is worldwide ocean color monitoring for the study of biological oceanography. It will generate 6 band ocean color images with 800 km swath width and 1km GSD by whiskbroom scanning. OSMI is designed to provide on-orbit spectral band selectability in the spectral range from 400 nm to 900 nm through ground command. This flexibility in band selection can be used for various applications and will provide research opportunities to support the next generation sensor design. SPS consists of High Energy Particle Detector (HEPD) and Ionosphere Measurement Sensor (IMS). HEPD has missions to characterize the low altitude high-energy particle environment and to study the effects of radiation environment on microelectronics. IMS measures densities and temperature of electrons in the ionosphere and monitors the ionospheric irregularities at the KOMPSAT orbit.

계획에 없던 중환자실 재입실 실태 및 원인

송동현,이순교,김철규,최동주,이상일,박수길 한국의료QA학회 2003 한국의료질향상학회지 Vol.10 No.1

Background : Because unplanned readmissions to intensive care unit(ICU)might be related with undesirable patient outcomes, we investigated the pattern of and reason for unplanned ICU readmission to provide baseline data for reducing unplanned returns to ICU. Methods : The subjects included all patients who readmitted to ICU during the same hospitalization at a tertiary referral hospital between January 1st and June 30th 2002. Quality improvement(QI) nurse collected the data through medical records and a medical director reviewed the data collected. Results : 1)The average unplanned ICU readmission rate was 5.6%(gastroenterology 14.6%, pediatrics 12.7%, pulmonology 11.9%, neurosurgery 6.3%, general surgery 5.3%, chest surgery 3.9%, and cardiology 3.3%). 2)Among the unplanned readmissions, more than 50% of cases were from patients older than 60 years, and the main categories of diagnose at hospital admission were neurologic disease(29.9%) and cardiovascular disease(27.6%). 3)Of unplanned ICU readmissions, 41.8% had recurrence of the initial problems, 44.8% had occurrence of new problems. And 9.7% required post-operative care after unplanned operations. 4)The most common cause responsible for unplanned ICU readmission were respiratory problem(38.3%) and cardiovascular problem(14.3%). 5)About 40% of unplanned ICU readmission occurred within 3 days after ICU discharge. 6)Average length of stay of the readmitted patients to ICUs were much longer than that of non-readmitted patients. 7)Hospital mortality rate was much higher for unplanned ICU readmitted patients(23.6%) than for non-readmitted patients(1.5%)(P<0.001). Conclusions : This study showed that the unplanned ICU readmitted patients had poor outcomes(high morality and increased length of stay). In addition study results suggest that more attention should be paid to patients in ICU with poor respiratory function or elderly patients, and careful clinical decisions are required at discharged from ICU to general ward.

포사맥스 정(알렌드론산나트륨 70mg)에 대한 대웅 알렌드로네이트 정 70mg의 생물학적 동등성

이예리,정선경,양승권,최기호,신용철,전형규,강승우,이희주 한국약제학회 2006 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.36 No.2

초기재령에 있어서 고강도콘크리트의 내동해성 평가에 관한 실험적 연구

김무한,이상수,박선규,최성우,주지현,심재형 충남대학교 산업기술연구소 2000 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.15 No.1

Recently, the structure are more higher and larger, so that the application of high-strength concrete is increased. And as the development of construction skills, it is possible to place during the winter. Concrete work during winter is indispensable to shorten time of completion and cut costs. When Concrete work during winter is placed, it has anxiety that concrete freeze at low temperature. As repetition of concrete's freezing cause reduction of durability, it is necessary for mixing to pay attention to Air contents and W/C ratios. Accordingly, in this study, we estimate the Frost Resistance by Air contents and W/C ratios, and development of strength after Early-Frost Damage in the High-Strength Concrete during the cold weather. In this study, it could be confirmed that factors which were Air contents, W/C ratios and early curing period, affected on the Frost Resistance.