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장석정(Sok-Chung Chang) 연세대학교 신과대학(연합신학대학원) 2013 신학논단 Vol.71 No.-
?;?;Exodus 4:1-9 is a first example of Moses' protest concerning Israel's disbelief and YHWH's signs to assure him Israel's belief. Moses is worrying that Israel will not believe him and say YHWH does not appear to him. These worries are about Moses' delivering the words of YHWH to Israel. They include the aural elements and the visual elements together. In his protest, Moses actually asked YHWH to give him a visual evidence that could make Israel believe in his words.<br/> ?;?;In YHWH's response to Moses' protest, three sings were given. First, the staff changed into a snake. This sign shows 100% of the visual elements. The second sign was to make his hand infected with a skin disease. However, Moses had to put his hand into his bosom, so he could not see the process of change. That is why this sign has only 50% of the visual elements. The last sign was told to Moses and he could not experience it because he had to take some water from the Nile and pour it upon the land. It is supposed to change into blood. He will be able to try it when he actually goes to Egypt. So this third sign shows 0% of the visual elements. What these three signs mean is that the aural elements are more important than the visual elements. Moses has to deliver the words of YHWH through his mouth, that is, the aural elements.<br/> ?;?;Also the identity of ‘they’ in the protest of Moses in 4:1 has to reveal because the text does not say anything about them. Traditionally, the scholars have thought that ‘they’ are ‘the people of Israel.’ However, this study shows that not only the people of Israel but also the king of Egypt could be included in the category of ‘they.’ In order to realize Exodus, Israel had to get a permission from the Egyptian king. Moses needed to have signs to persuade him to make Exodus happen. The awkward connection between v. 8 and v. 9 proves that the third sign was prepared for the king of Egypt. As the three signs deliberately shows the importance of the words, here again the text indicates that only aural elements could make the people of Israel and the king of Egypt believe what Moses said in the name of YHWH. ?;?;Exodus 4:1-9 is a first example of Moses' protest concerning Israel's disbelief and YHWH's signs to assure him Israel's belief. Moses is worrying that Israel will not believe him and say YHWH does not appear to him. These worries are about Moses' delivering the words of YHWH to Israel. They include the aural elements and the visual elements together. In his protest, Moses actually asked YHWH to give him a visual evidence that could make Israel believe in his words.<br/> ?;?;In YHWH's response to Moses' protest, three sings were given. First, the staff changed into a snake. This sign shows 100% of the visual elements. The second sign was to make his hand infected with a skin disease. However, Moses had to put his hand into his bosom, so he could not see the process of change. That is why this sign has only 50% of the visual elements. The last sign was told to Moses and he could not experience it because he had to take some water from the Nile and pour it upon the land. It is supposed to change into blood. He will be able to try it when he actually goes to Egypt. So this third sign shows 0% of the visual elements. What these three signs mean is that the aural elements are more important than the visual elements. Moses has to deliver the words of YHWH through his mouth, that is, the aural elements.<br/> ?;?;Also the identity of ‘they’ in the protest of Moses in 4:1 has to reveal because the text does not say anything about them. Traditionally, the scholars have thought that ‘they’ are ‘the people of Israel.’ However, this study shows that not only the people of Israel but also the king of Egypt could be included in the category of ‘they.’ In order to realize Exodus, Israel had to get a permission from the Egyptian king. Moses needed to have signs to persuade him to make Exodus happen. The awkward connection between v. 8 and v. 9 proves that the third sign was prepared for the king of Egypt. As the three signs deliberately shows the importance of the words, here again the text indicates that only aural elements could make the people of Israel and the king of Egypt believe what Moses said in the name of YHWH.
鄭坪林,崔信錫,辛昌男 충남대학교 자연과학연구소 1977 學術硏究誌 Vol.4 No.1
原生動物門中 鞭謀蟲類인 Trichomonas vaginalis, Trichomonas muris, Trichomonas tenax, Trypanosoma cruzi 根足蟲類인 Entamoeba histolyca의 local strain (Ys-27)과 axenic strain (HK-9), Entamoeba muris, Acanthamoeba sp. 그리고 胞子蟲類인 Toxop lasma gondii의 RH 및 Beverley strain을 對象으로 하였다. 上記 原生動物類를 種別로 家免에 注入하여 얻은 亢血淸으로 間接螢光抗體法과 制動反應을 竝行하여 얻은 種別 抗原特異性을 比較한 結果 다음과 같은 結論을 얻었다. (1) Rabbit Anti-Trichomonas vaginalis servum에 對한 Trichomonas vaginalis의 抗原抗體反應에서 最大抗體價는 1:256으로 陽性이었으며, Trichomonas muris와 Trypanosoma cruzi의 境遇, 最大抗體價가 各各 1:4, 1:8에서 交又反應이 일어났고 Trichmonas tenax는 陰性이었다. Rabbit Anti-Trichomonas cruzi serum에서는 Trypanosoma cruzi만이 最大抗體價가 1:128로 陰性이었으며 其他 3種의 Trichomonas는 모두 陰性을 나타냈다. (2) Entameba histolytica(Ys-27)의 抗血淸에 對한 Entamoeba histolytica (Ys-27)의 抗原의 抗原抗體反應은 1:256까지 陰性이었으며, Acanthamoeba sp. 는 1:4에서 交又反應이 있어났으나 無視할 程度이고, Entamoeba muris의 境遇는 陰性이었다. Entamoeba histolytica (HK-9)의 抗血淸에서 Entamoeba histolytica (Ys-27)은 1:32까지 交又反應이 일어났고, Entamoeba muris, Acanthamoeba sp. 는 陰性이었다. (3) Toxoplasma gondii의 Rh strain 抗血淸에 對하여 Rh-strain 自體의 反應에서 1:1024의 最大抗體價를 보였으며, Beverley strain의 抗血淸에 對한 最大抗體價는 1:64로 比較的 높은 交又反應이 일어났다. (4) 根足蟲類와 鞭毛蟲類의 制動反應에서 Entamoeba histolytica (Ys-27)의 抗血淸에 對한 Entamoeba histolytica (Ys-27)의 制動率은 38%, Entamoeba histolytica (HK-9)의 抗血淸에서는 50%으로 모두 陽性이었으며, Trichomonas vaginalis 抗血淸에 對한 Trichomonas vaginalis, Trichomonas tenax의 制動率은 各各 90%, 70%이였고, Trypanosoma cruzi는 45%로 陰性反應으로 看做되었으나 Trypanosoma cruzi 抗血淸에 對한 Trypanosoma cruzi 自體의 反應에서는 90%로 陽性이었고 그 外는 모두 陰性이었다. 以上의 成績으로 보아 間接螢光抗體法은 病原性 原生動物의 抗原特異性을 識別하는데 좋은 長點을 가지고 있었으며 制動反應도 運動性 原生動物類 識別에 一次的 方法으로 推薦되어야 할 것이다. Antigenic comparison of several pathogenic protozoans belonging to class Flagellata, class Rhizopoda (Sarcordina) and class Sporozoa was carried out indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and immobilization reaction (IR). It was possible for IFAT technique to classify antigenic' specificity between several piotczoan species in the same class except the strains of Toxoplasma gondii, so that this technique is recommendable for further deteailed taxonomical approach. It was also regarded as the best subsidiary immunological tool for the antigenic differentiation of most protozoans with motility.
“이스라엘”과 유다의 관계 : 열왕기상 12장을 중심으로
장석정 연세대학교 신과대학 1999 신학논단 Vol.27 No.-
열왕기상 12장은 통일왕국 이스라엘이 남북으로 분열되는 결정적인 사건을 기록한 중요한 본문이다. 마치 다윗과 솔로몬의 통치기간에는 온 나라가 하나로 통일되어 있다가, 여로보암과 르호보암왕 때에 이르러 북왕국과 남왕국으로 분열된 것처럼 학자들에 의해 전통적으로 해석되어 왔다. 그러나 열왕기상 12장과 다른 여러 구약성서 구절들을 분석해보면 매우 다른 양상을 발견하게 된다.
열왕기하 17:24-33에 나타난 하나님 경외에 관한 연구
장석정 국제기독교언어문화연구원 2003 기독교언어문화논집 Vol.7 No.-
"Fear of God" is one of the most important concepts in the Hebrew Bible. The Israelites should fear their God, YHWH with all their heart and soul. Jesus also said this is the first law among 613 laws recorded in the Bible. However, a interesting phenomenon is found in the report of 2 Kings 17 where the foreigners were moved into the land of the Northern Kingdom after the fall of Samaria by Assyria in 722 BCE. This article is pursuing this intriguing aspect in relation to the concept of "fear of God." The study on the MT text reveals that the foreigners feared their traditional gods well as YHWH in the land of Samaria. Only when they did not fear YHWH they were punished. The verb ??(=fear) is used when they worshipped their gods together with YHWH. The Israelites, however, should not fear other gods but YHWH. Therefore, this different way of fearing God depends upon the ethnicity of the people. Israel should fear YHWH only but the foreigners could fear their gods and YHWH at the same time. Time study shows that the different criterion had affected the foreigners. That is, because they were not the people of the covenant, the historical situation allowed that the double standard in fearing of God was an option among many others.
흑암의 재앙 (출 10:21-29) : 재앙의 실체에 관하여
장석정 연세대학교 신과대학 1999 신학논단 Vol.26 No.-
이스라엘이 애굽에서 나와서 가나안 땅으로 들어가는 과정에는 여러 가지 사건들이 있었지만 그 중에서도 하나님께서 애굽에 내리신 10가지 재앙을 언급하지 않을 수 없다. 하나님께서는 애굽에 내리신 10가지 재앙을 내리심으로써 애굽사람들과 바로가 고통을 당하도록 하셨는데 그때마다 하나님께서 바로의 마음을 강퍅케 하심으로 바로가 이스라엘을 내보내주지 않았다. 그런데 열번째 재앙인 애굽의 장자들의 죽음으로 인해 마침내 이스라엘은 애굽에서 나올 수 있게 된다. 인간의 생명을 빼앗아가는 이런 재앙은 누구나에게 결정적인 타격을 입히게된고 따라서 바로도 모세의 요구사항들을 모두 들어 주게 된것이라고 생각된다.
Lithium Tantalate 적외선 센서의 광전특성에 관한 연구
송재용,장충근,김석원 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1990 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.1 No.1
스퍼터링(sputtering)으로 실리콘 기판위에 LiTaO_(3) 박막을 성장시켜서 비정질 적외선 센서를 제작하고, Crystal Technology회사에서 제공한 LiTaO_(3) 단결정으로 적외선 센서를 제작하여 그 특성을 비교하였다. 센서들의 출력신호, 잡음 및 검지도 등을 조사하여 본 결과 비정질 박막센서의 잡음은 두께가 얇을 수록 적었으며 단결정센서의 잡음 보다 적었다. 그러나 검지도는 단결정센서가 더 높았으며 전반적으로는 비정질 박막센서의 광전특성은 단결정 센서 보다 저조하였다. Amorphus LiTaO_(3) infrared sensors are fabricated with the thin film deposited by RF sputtering technique on silicon wafers, and single crystal infrared sensors were fabricated with the commerical LiTaO_(3) single crystal offered by Crystal Technology Ltd. The signal, the noise and the detectivity are measured, respectively. the noise of the thin film sensors decreases as the thickness decreases and it is smaller than that of the crystal sensors. But the detectivity of the single crystal sensors are higher and the overall photoelectric characteristics of the amorphous thin film sensors were inferior to those of the single crystal sensors.
장석정(Sok Chung Chang) 한국기독교학회 2005 한국기독교신학논총 Vol.37 No.-
Ten plagues played a major role in the event of Exodus because they certainly changed the mind of Pharaoh, which was hardened in the first place. YHWH does not need any plague to bring Israel out of Egypt. As the omnipotent God, YHWH could lead Israel into the promised land with his right arm. In this regard God`s purpose of bringing plagues upon Egypt was to let Pharaoh know "who YHWH is" . Van Seters says that the plague has an epistemic function and it leads the people into the knowledge of YHWH. Among those ten plagues this paper is to analyze the text of the first plague: changing water into blood. All the efforts to explain the first plague in terms of the natural phenomena based on scientific knowledge should be given up. It is because the plague took place when Moses hit the water with his staff. This "time element" differentiates the work of God from the natural event. This study starts with the point where the first plague happened by the work of God in reality. After Moses turned the water into blood, the magicians of Egypt did the same thing by using their secret arts. This makes things worse because more water turned into blood and the Egyptian suffered much more. But the magicians tried to prove that the humans like themselves could do such a thing. This could also prove that YHWH, the God of the Hebrew does not exist. Then all the words that Moses and Aaron spoke become lies. The question whether the Egyptians could find water by digging around the Nile is very difficult to answer. However, in my opinion they could find water because the text does not report the death of the Egyptians due to the shortage of water. Therefore, the first plague is not designed to kill the Egyptians, but to let them know the marvelous ability of YHWH who could change life(the Nile) into death(blood). In the history of Egypt, the people had worshiped the Nile as a god called "Hapi." When YHWH turned the Nile into blood, Hapi was supposed to die. The first plague shows that the exclusive victory of YHWH against the God of Nile, who was believed to exist by the Egyptians but actually did not exist. The physical damage like deaths of the people, was not aimed at in this first plague because no one was dead here according to the text. Rather, the first plague foreshadows the upcoming plagues which would show various powers of YHWH. The composition analysis which includes a structure analysis and a content analysis, was used in this study in order to find the conceptuality which controls the various concepts embedded in the text. Letting Pharaoh and the Egyptians as well as the Israelites know the power of YHWH and eventually who YHWH is, seems to be the conceptuality in the text of the first plague.