아프리카 食糧危機의 統合的 視角

沈永根,王仁槿 서울大學校 農科大學 1984 서울대농학연구지 Vol.9 No.2

In this paper, authors tried primarily to categorically identify and generalize some fundamental causal factors considered responsible for impinge upon the agricultural and food crisis in many of the latecomer developing countries in the Black African Continent. As a fellow-up to the effort, authors also presented a proposition that agricultural and rural development should be tole ultimate answer to the badly unfortunate state of crisis affairs in agriculture and food in the Sub-Saharan African countries. Specifically, authors took an analytical perspective from the three categories of viewpoints concluded as the most basic and important in an effort of clarification and determination of the crisis causes in agriculture and food, leading so often to the famine : (a) heterogenous, precarious and unfavorable climatic and social environments, (b) chronic and wide-spread economic crisis, and (c) seriously stagnant agricultural crisis. To render the analytical effort, the authors made use of available statistics and empirical evidences derived in general terms, for which, however, no specific sources of information were given right in the text. Instead, references were presented in a backage from at the end of the paper text under the three main categoies : (a) Africa in general, (b) agricultural, rural and economic development of Africa, and (c) statistical source publications on agricultural, economic, social and physical situations in Africa. In view of the fact that not many studios of the African agriculture and rural development have been done in Korea, authors emphatically pointed out the need for Korean academicians to pay their attention to Africa where our national interests within the prevailing international relations have been significantly found, manifestly and potentially. The faculties of our college could have their overseas academic interests by having Africa as a geographical area of interest in their own specialized disciplines in that agricultural and rural development is the national development itself in most of the African countries.

한국인의 종교성과 종교적 배타성

윤인진(Yoon, In Jin),양대영(Yang, Dae Young) 고려대학교 아세아문제연구소 2013 亞細亞硏究 Vol.56 No.2

In recent decades, Korean religious groups have increased their political influence and conflicts between different religions have become visible and intensified. In this context, we examined the levels and patterns of religious exclusiveness in both private and public domains and the reasons for their expression in South Korean society. We used both statistical analyses that used the 2008 KGSS dataset and in-depth interviews with 15 interviewees. After pointing out limitations of the religious index developed in the United States in the multi-religious South Korean religious context, we introduced a multidimensional index that consists of religious faith, religious act, and religious function and employed both conventional variables commonly used in religious studies and new variables that seem to capture multi-religious aspects of South Korea. Results of statistical analyses show that religious faith and act have significant effects on the tolerance toward a spouse of different religion. But religious function has no significant effect on this matter. Especially the level of faith in Buddhist doctrines and the frequency of attendance in religious meetings have significant effects. In the case of support for political candidates of different religion, only religious act has an significant effect while both religious faith and religious function have no effects. Especially, the frequency of prayers is the most significant variable. Also, in general, both Buddhists and Catholics are less exclusive than Protestants in matters of marital selection and political support. Results of in-depth interviews show that religious exclusiveness is the lowest in friendship, and in support for political candidates and interpersonal relationship at workplace in decreasing order. It is the highest in marital selection. As seen in statistical analyses, differences among religious groups are also observed in in-depth interviews. Protestants are the most religious exclusive toward people of different religious in both private and public domains, and both Buddhists and Catholics are not exclusive toward other religions. Protestants exhibit strong propensity to apply their Christian teachings, rituals and practices, and values to other people, workplace and political arenas, and this causes ill feeling and repulsion among Buddhists and Catholics toward Protestants.

제주민요 <서우젯소리>의 분석적 연구

김인규 제주대학교 1992 논문집 Vol.34 No.1

In this study I have concentrated on the musical characteristics of Cheju Islaild with reference to Soˇuje-sori which is well known as a representative folksong of Cheju. Soˇuje-sori has spread throughout the whole island as a farming song, a fishing song, and a entertainment song. The melody of this song can also be found in the shaman rituals. Folksong and shanman music are regarded as preserving the basic musical characteristics of a society. Therefore the musical stucture of Soˇuje-sori may be considered as representative of Cheju folksongs, since it seems to contain all the elements of Cheju folk music. In my study I analysed the melodic structure, and also the rhythmic patterns and musical forms of Soˇuje-sori. I selected 9 Soˇuje-sori from Han'guk u˘Minsok u˘mak-Chejudo pyoˇn; The Folkmusic in Kora-Cheju Island's Section for this study. Seven songs are in C major and two songs are in F major, but I used solmization for ease of comparison. I find preferable because Korean vocal tones do not share the intonation of Western music. One melody of Soˇuje-sori consist of 4 rhythmic cycles(changdan) in a 12/8 pattern. Thrse 4 rhythmic cycles alternate between solo-verse and chorus sections(meginu˘n-sori and pannu˘n-sori) in paired cycles-the former two are solo, and the latter two are chorus. Therefore I divided one melody into four phrases according to the rhythmic cycle, and gave a special number to each phrase. For example, each phrase is subdivided into 4;as 〔195-Ⅰ-메(Me)-앞(Ap)〕. 3. To explain this, 「195」 means own number in Han'guk u˘Minsok i˘mak-Chejudo pyo˘n; The Folkmusic in Kore-Cheju Island's Section,「1」 means the order of the melody, 「메(Me)」 means the solo section, and 「앞 (AP)」 indicates the 1st and 2nd phrases as shown in 〔EXAMPLE 1〕. ◁그림 삽입 ▷ (원문을 참조하세요) I also used the Koreall mensural notation (choˇnganbo) to record the melody line with a solmization. This notation comprises a set of 12 squares (choˇngan); a square is one beat. So Notation 1. is the transcription of the 9 songs which were selected from Han'guk u˘Minsok i˘mak-Chejudo pyo˘n; The Folkmusic in Kore-Cheju Island's Section-. In 〔Notation 1〕 we find some similar musical phrases which have similar melodic patterns. These patterns can be divided into several types as shown in 〔Notation 2〕. However 〔Notation 3〕 shows various strurutural melodies, for example, the most simple structure employs just one tone 「sol」, but the rather complex one has the structure 「sol- la-do-la-sol-mi」. Through detailed analysis, I found 23 kindrs of structural melodies and also identified a common structure 「do-la-sol」. Those 「do-la-sol」 structures are found mainly in the 1st, 2nd 4rd melodies But as an exception, different types of melody structure, either 「sol」 or 「sol-la」, appears in the 3rd phrase of each melody. In conclusion, the musical form of the So˘uje-sori is 「A-A-B-A」, 「A」 means the common melody structure 「do-la-sol」 and 「B」 is the exception.

35세 이하에서의 결장 및 직장암 환자에 대한 임상적 고찰

송인철,윤충,이행철,이양삼 대한대장항문학회 1996 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.12 No.3

영어 전치부사구문에서의 대명사화에 관한 화용론적 접근

고인수 한국영어영문학회 경남지부 1987 현대영미어문학 Vol.4 No.-

In this thesis, we argue that pronominalixation in English preposed advervials can best be described and explained in pragmatic rather than purely structural terms. We refer to a pragmatic(discourse-based) property-dominance-which is defined by Erteschik-Shir(1973). We then state our hypothesis concerning pronominalization in English preposed adverbials which we formulate in terms of the notion of dominance. A considerable amount of attention has been devoted by linguists to the problem of characterizing and explaining pronominalization phenomena in English and especially a number of purely syntactic pro-posals have been put forward since Lees and Klima(1963). What is com-mon to the theories suggested by Ross, Langacker, Chomsky, and others is that they seek to treat pronominalization as essentially structural phenomena, in fact, which are defined by the syntactic constraints. However, the purely syntactic approach is not only insufficient to explain pronominalization in English preposed adverbials, but lacking in capturing an important pragmatic function of English preposed adver-bials. In part 2, we critically review purely syntactic theories and discuss some problems under analysis. In the third section, the functional con-straint suggested by Kuno are discussed. Finally, we show that our hypothesis allows us to account for all problematic data which are discuss-ed in the previous sections. In this thesis, it is our belief that English preposed adverbials repre-sent an important pramatic function and that a pragmatic approach is preferable to purely syntactic of Kuno's sense of functional approach in describing pronominalization in English.

사회적 네트워크 유형 별 내향 중심성이 직무 스트레스에 미치는 차별적 영향

신인용(In Yoing Shin),이기현(Ki Hyun Lee),오홍석(Hong Seok Oh) 한국경영학회 2013 經營學硏究 Vol.42 No.4

As interdependent tasks have been increasing and the necessity of smooth communication among employees has been emphasized in organizations, scholars and practitioners are interested in the effects of social support from social relationships on job stress. Drawing on a social network perspective, we examined that social ties among organizational members influenced the level of job stress which they experience. We especially expected that the types of social networks in which employees were embedded (task-advice networks, friendship networks, and negative affect networks) were respectively linked to the provision, reception, and absence of social support, which in turn led to differently affecting individual job stress. According to the results of this study based on the survey data from employees in two organizations, the persons who occupied in-degree centrality in friendship networks were more likely to receive social support from the other employees and then their levels of job stress reduced, whereas the employees who were located in in-degree centrality in negative affect networks were less likely to receive social support from the other members, resulting in increasing the level of job stress they experienced. In addition, we hypothesized the U-shaped relationship between in-degree centrality in task-advice networks and individual job stress. In other words, we anticipated that the central persons in task-advice networks to the certain level tended to experience lower levels of job stress by the increased sense of control and self-esteem about themselves, and beyond the optimum level they were likely to experience higher levels of job stress because they were excessively granted the role of providing social support to the others. However, this hypothesis was not supported. This study suggests that the extent of centrality by the types of social networks differently influences the levels of job stress which organizational membersexperience.

Test of the ITER-like resonant magnetic perturbation configurations for edge-localized mode crash suppression on KSTAR

In, Yongkyoon,Loarte, A.,Lee, H.H.,Kim, K.,Jeon, Y.M.,Park, J.-K.,Ahn, J.-W.,Park, G.Y.,Kim, M.,Park, H. International Atomic Energy Agency 2019 Nuclear fusion Vol.59 No.12

<P>KSTAR has demonstrated divertor heat flux broadening during edge-localized mode (ELM) crash suppression using ITER-like three-row resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) for the first time. To address a couple of critical issues in ITER RMP, robust ELM-crash-suppression methodology has been explored at low <I>q</I> <SUB>95</SUB> and established in KSTAR using low-<I>n</I> RMPs. Taking full advantage of the ITER-like three-row in-vessel control coils (IVCC) in KSTAR, a set of intentionally misaligned RMP configurations (IMC) was tested to investigate whether or not IMC could be compatible with ELM crash suppression, while minimizing electromagnetic loads on RMP coils. As a result, the ITER-like three-row IMCs were found not only to have been compatible with the ELM crash suppression, but also to have broadened the divertor heat fluxes in the vicinity of the outer strike point. In comparison, the two-row RMPs have rarely affected the near scrape-off layer (SOL) heat flux despite slightly broadened profile change in the far-SOL. Since the divertor heat flux broadening reflects the dispersal of the peaked near-SOL heat flux, the experimental outcome is quite favorable to the ITER choice of three rows, instead of two rows. Nonetheless, since the IMC-driven broadening observed in the attached plasmas in KSTAR might appear substantially different in the partially detached plasmas in ITER, additional investigation has been conducted to see if RMP-driven, ELM crash suppression could be compatible with detached plasmas. Although no detached plasmas have been identified with ELM crash suppression yet, significantly reduced divertor heat flux was confirmed in high density, ELM-crash-suppressed plasmas at <I>q</I> <SUB>95</SUB>  =  3.4 using <I>n</I>  =  2 RMPs. These new findings elevate the confidence level about the ITER RMP system, while the remaining uncertainties need to be further clarified using the three-row IVCCs in KSTAR.</P>

북극 스발바드 군도 스피츠베르겐섬 콩스피요르드에서의 다환 방향족 탄화수소화합물의 분포 특성

김기범,하성용,안인영,최희선 한국환경과학회 2004 한국환경과학회지 Vol.13 No.9

In order to elucidate the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentration and its origin in arctic area, four arctic brown algae (Laminaria saccharina, L. digita, Alaria esculenta, Desmarestia aculeata), one marine invertebrate (Echinoidea) and sediments were collected from Kongsfjorden in Spitsbergen from the late July to early August. 2003. In case of macroalgae, the young blade part above growth point and the old stipes and blades beneath growth point were separated and analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in an attempt to check the mechanism of uptake in macroalgae to accumulate PAN. There was no difference in PAH concentrations between sampling sites (Stations B and C), species. and blades beneath and above growth point. PAH concentrations in all samples collected in this study were relatively higher than those reported in other areas of arctic. Especially, station C, which is known as an unpolluted area, showed 10 times higher PAH concentration (8,765 ng/g) in sediment than station A (694 ng/g) around harbor. In addition high PAH concentration, station C had very higher proportion of methylated PAH to parent PAH in sediment than station A. Source analysis using PAH isomer pair ratios as indicators showed that Kongsfjorden area seemed to be relatively contaminated with PAH derived from direct petroleum input.

신소설에 나타난 novel의 징후 : 「치악산」과 「쟝화홍련젼」의 비교연구 Comparative Study on "Chiaksan" and "Story of Janghwa Hongryun"

강인숙 건국대학교 1996 學術誌 Vol.40 No.1

In Korean literature, we have a genre named 'new novel' between romance and novel. To clarify the characteristic feature of new novel, 1 want to compare the structures of "Chiaksan" and "Story of Janghwa Hongryun". Both of these novels share many thing in common. For example, both of them are step mother story, but they also have certain differences. In this article, I would like to demon-strate the symptoms of novel in new novel by clarifying the different phase of these two novels. 1.Character A) Similar phase (1) protagonist a) social class: yangban b) moral phase: superior class c) role in the story: good suffering step children d) typicality of characters: their assistants are also good (2) antagonist a) social class: yangban, however, economic and moral phases are inferior than protagonist. b) role in the story: bad step mother with bad assistant B) difference (1) In "Story of Janghwa Hongryun," the helper of antagonist is her own son. "Chiaksan" is different. Helpers of antagonist are her servants. Unlike the blood relationship in "Story of Janghwa Hongryun," these servants help the antagonist because of the money and the land she offer. They are market oriented type, suitable characters for novel. 2.The method of characterization. In terms of character roles, there are many similarities in both stories. But the method of characterization in them are much different. In "Story of Janghwa Hongryun," characters are very simple. In other word, they are one dimensional. Good person is always good and also beautiful. Morality and the beauty is unseparable in this story. "Chiakson" is different. Characters of this story has more complex dimensions as follow. (1) Protagonist has a a lot of virtues yet she also has bad side. Antagonist is bad. but also has some nice element. The good and the evil blended in each character so the characters in "Chiaksan" are more realistic than "Story of Janghwa Hongryun". (2) Beauty and the virtue of characters are not combined in this story. Antagonist of "Story of Janghwa Hongryun" is ugly, but the step mother of "Chiaksan" is beautiful even though she is bad. Her husband knows very well about her badness, yet he cannot help loving her. These kinds of complexity make characters more realistic. 3.Chronotopos The locational setting of "Story of Janghwa Hongryun" is not vague, but the name of the place has almost no meaning in this story, Same is true in terms of the temporal dimension. Chronotopos in "Chiaksan" is more realistic. The location is the place the author knows very well. So is the same in case of temporal dimension. The chronotopos in this story is "here and now" type, similar to novel, Enlargement of spatial scale, the concreteness of the locational description, interest of characters' manners and costumes and type of the chronotopos are symptoms of novel found in "Chiaksan". Unlike novel, however, where most of action happen in the 'community', locations of action in "Chiaksan" are usually outside of the 'village' touch as mountain and water mill cottage, etc. The market oriented characters are not protagonist yet in this novel, they are only assistant characters. These means the conditions of novel are not matured enough in "Chiaksan." 4. The causal relationship in the plot The author of "Chiaksan" is too conscious about the probability of the story. He explains too much for each event. This kind of expositions disturb the profess of the story, thus drive the reader's interest out from it. For example, when the father in law informed that his daughter in law has a lover, he ordered his servant bring to him some poison for punish her. In this critical scene, the author spend too much time explaining about the process of getting the poison which destroy the tension of the scene. This is common trait of new novel. Writers are too conscious about the causality of the action, so the readers become distracted. The elements of novel and romance are intermingled in new novel. Even though it is not matured enough to become novel, there are many symptoms of novel found in new novel which initiated the development of novel eventually. The writer of new novel were longing for new ara and new genre of writing, that they wanted rejecte the old narrative method.

우리나라와 臺灣의 중학교 세계사 교과서 비교연구

全寅永 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1991 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.59 No.3

As the recognition of the history of man in the perspective of the world history expands, the study of world history has been established as an independent field which is known as global village history. This development originates from the recent trends where the need for mutual understanding, and political, economic, social, and cultural exchange are growing. In particular, the utilitarian approach in diplomacy and economic policy is accelerating the process of the deemphasizing ideologies, thereby promoting further polarization and internationalization. This study has been initiated with the understanding that the importance of education in terms of world history is growing in this age of internationalization where global inter-dependency is prevalent. Thus we need to search for a more desirable form of education, in terms of world history, in order to cope with this trend. For Korea and Taiwan, we can not overemphasize the importance of history education in the preparation for this age of unification and internationalization. The methodology of this comparative study is as follows: First, the external magnitude and structure of the textbooks of Korea and Taiwan are analyzed and compared. Second, the structure of the description of the content are analyzed and compared. Third, there is a comparative analysis of the individual figures appearing in texts from both countries, as well as an analysis of the usages of study aids. Based on the results if this study, suggestions of the compilation of the world history textbooks for junior high school students are provided to conclude this study. Issues Related to Polity 1. The importance of education should be stressed at a national level. In particular, textbooks should be improved both in quality and quantity. In order to achieve this objective the establishment of a permanent organization is required. 2. Steps need to be taken to increase the interest of scholars in policies relating to world history education. There is a critical need for scholars capable of handling historical studies in the newly emerging countries in both the eastern and western hemispheres. Issues Related to Textbook Compilation 1. Basically, a new viewpoint of history-global village history, macro and unified in nature should be established. 2. Moreover, there is a need to interrelate and harmonize education with national history. 3. There are several issues which are related to the content of textbooks. A) The content of textbooks should be reoriented from description of factual information for memorization to descriptions requiring analysis and thinking. B) The content should break away from simple collection of historical description on individual countries of the east and the west. C) History written only from the prevailing Eurocentric and power-centered perspective should be reoriented. D) History which focuses solely on "political domain" should be avoided. E) The establishment of a descriptive system centered on modern and contemporary history should be emphasized. F) The relevance of presenting history in units beginning with ancient history and ending with contemporary history should be reassessed. G) The relevance of chronology in terms of the presentation of Western history and Asian history in parallel fashion should be reassessed. H) More careful consideration is required in presenting more adequate historical facts and in using proper terms for the junior high school curriculums. I) The use of concrete and more friendly educational aids should be diversified and activated. J) There needs to be an emphasis on new studies that recognize common people as the subject of the history. K) Descriptions explaining the trends of contemporary mass culture should be emphasized.