옌쉐퉁의 도덕현실주의 국제관계이론: 포괄적인 검토

YUE WU 계명대학교 국제학연구소 2021 국제학논총 Vol.34 No.-

Established by Professor Yan Xuetong from Tsinghua University, the theory of moral realism in international relations theory represents the achievement of Chinese scholars in innovations in international relations. This theory aims to use political leadership measured by morality as an explanatory variable to analyze the reason and logic of the rising power replacing the dominant position of the dominant power. However, extant literature on the theory fails to systematically review moral realism in Yan’s work, reflecting fragmentation and misunderstanding. Therefore, this study aims to comprehensively review moral realism in international relations, refute and correct problematic understandings, and explore potential applications for theoretical development. It argues that moral realism corresponds to classical realism more than neoclassical realism as a theoretical paradigm and that it is not a theory with ideological purposes serving China’s grand strategy. The study further argues that the theory has not matured owing to issues with concept definition, logical contradictions, and biases of case analysis. Moreover, the influence of ancient Chinese thought in Yan’s moral realism and the limited research object and field may impede its theoretical application. This study proposes applying moral realism to the study of foreign aid and holds that the field of foreign aid conforms to moral realism, alleviates some moral realism deficiencies, and expands the application scope of the theory. 칭화대 옌쉐퉁 교수가 정립한 국제관계론 도덕현실주의는 국제관계 혁신에 대한 중국 학자들의 업적을 대변한다. 이 이론은 도덕이 측정한 정치적 리더십을 설명변수로 삼아 지배적 권력의 지배적 지위를 대신하는 신진 권력의 이유와 논리를 분석하려는 것이다. 그러나, 이 이론에 대한 현존하는 문헌들은 단편화와 오해를 반영하여 옌쉐퉁의 작품에서 도덕 현실주의를 체계적으로 검토하는 데 실패한다. 따라서 본 연구는 국제관계에서 도덕현실주의를 종합적으로 검토하고, 문제가 있는 이해를 반박하고 바로잡으며, 이론적 발전을 위한 잠재적 응용을 탐구하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 도덕현실주의가 이론 패러다임으로서 신고전주의 현실주의보다 고전주의 현실주의에 부합하며, 중국의 대전략에 봉사하는 이념적 목적을 가진 이론이 아니라는 주장이다. 이 연구는 또한 개념 정의, 논리적 모순, 사례 분석의 편향에 대한 문제 때문에 이론이 성숙하지 못했다고 주장한다. 게다가, 옌쉐퉁의 도덕현실주의에 대한 고대 중국 사상의 영향과 제한된 연구 목적과 분야는 그것의 이론적 적용을 방해할 수 있다. 본 연구는 대외원조 연구에 덕현실주의를를 적용하는 것을 제안하며, 대외원조 분야가 덕현실주의에 부합하고, 도덕현실주의의 결핍을 일부 완화하며, 이론의 적용 범위를 확대한다고 주장한다.

Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Exosomes Promoted Hair Regeneration

Wu Jinyan,Yang Quyang,Wu Sainan,Yuan Ruoyue,Zhao Xiansheng,Li Yue,Wu Wenyu,Zhu Ningwen 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2021 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.18 No.4

Background: Some scholars have found that dermal papilla spheroid–derived exosomes could promote the development of hair follicles. However, whether adipose-derived stem cell exosomes (ADSC-Exos) have a similar effect on hair growth has not been determined yet. Thus, the purpose of this article was to detect whether ADSC-Exos could promote hair regeneration. Methods: Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were isolated from 6-week-old C57BL/6 mice. Then, ADSC-Exos were isolated from the ADSCs. Western blotting was used to detect specific exosome markers. The particle size and distribution of the exosomes were analyzed by NanoSight dynamic light scattering. A total of 12 nude mice were randomly divided into two groups (n = 6 each): the ADSC-Exos group and the control group. For the control group, a mixture of freshly isolated dermal cells (DCs) and epidermal cells (ECs) was grafted. For the ADSC-Exos group, a mixture of DCs, ECs, and 50 μg/ml of ADSC-Exos was grafted. Gross evaluation of the hair regeneration was carried out 2–3 weeks after the transplantation, and the graft site was harvested for histology at the third week. Results: The existence of exosomes derived from ADSCs was evidenced by CD63, ALX1, and CD9 expression. Two or three weeks after the grafting, the number of regenerated hairs in the ADSC-Exos group was higher than that in the control group (p < 0.001). Histologically, the terminal hairs were remarkable in the ADSC-Exos group, whereas the hair follicles observed in the control group were comparatively immature. The ADSC-Exos group had a higher number of regenerated follicles than the control group (p < 0.001). In addition, we found that the skin tissues in the ADSC-Exos group had higher PDGF and vascular endothelial growth factor expressions and lower transforming growth factor beta 1 levels than those in the control group. Conclusion: Our results indicated that ADSC-Exos could promote in vivo hair follicle regeneration. Background: Some scholars have found that dermal papilla spheroid–derived exosomes could promote the development of hair follicles. However, whether adipose-derived stem cell exosomes (ADSC-Exos) have a similar effect on hair growth has not been determined yet. Thus, the purpose of this article was to detect whether ADSC-Exos could promote hair regeneration. Methods: Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were isolated from 6-week-old C57BL/6 mice. Then, ADSC-Exos were isolated from the ADSCs. Western blotting was used to detect specific exosome markers. The particle size and distribution of the exosomes were analyzed by NanoSight dynamic light scattering. A total of 12 nude mice were randomly divided into two groups (n = 6 each): the ADSC-Exos group and the control group. For the control group, a mixture of freshly isolated dermal cells (DCs) and epidermal cells (ECs) was grafted. For the ADSC-Exos group, a mixture of DCs, ECs, and 50 μg/ml of ADSC-Exos was grafted. Gross evaluation of the hair regeneration was carried out 2–3 weeks after the transplantation, and the graft site was harvested for histology at the third week. Results: The existence of exosomes derived from ADSCs was evidenced by CD63, ALX1, and CD9 expression. Two or three weeks after the grafting, the number of regenerated hairs in the ADSC-Exos group was higher than that in the control group (p < 0.001). Histologically, the terminal hairs were remarkable in the ADSC-Exos group, whereas the hair follicles observed in the control group were comparatively immature. The ADSC-Exos group had a higher number of regenerated follicles than the control group (p < 0.001). In addition, we found that the skin tissues in the ADSC-Exos group had higher PDGF and vascular endothelial growth factor expressions and lower transforming growth factor beta 1 levels than those in the control group. Conclusion: Our results indicated that ADSC-Exos could promote in vivo hair follicle regeneration.

A Research on User Interest Model Using Ontology and VSM Extension

Yue-zhong Wu,Shu-hong Chen 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.9 No.7

The user interest model is the key technology for us to efficiently obtain personalized high quality resources in huge amounts of data. On the basis of traditional user interest model, combining with the concept of ontology, this paper comes up with a construction method based on ontology semantic tree and space vector method, and its eigenvalue is changing by using forgetting curve. The model describes a theme by using semantic concept tree, and it not only simply to describe the semantic relations between concepts, but also can reflect the user interest drift character. It is more accurate in characterization of user interest, and better reflects the change of user interest, and efficiently improves the quality of network document resource personalized services. Finally the experiment describes the update process of the proposed model by using an example, and illustrates that the proposed model is simple and practical.

China’s Cautious Approach to the Venezuelan Crisis: Strategic Overdraft and Nonintervention Principle

YUE;WU 경희대학교(국제캠퍼스) 국제지역연구원 2021 아태연구 Vol.28 No.4

The current China–Venezuela relationship adheres to the South-South cooperation (SSC) model wherein the two countries have established an integrated cooperative approach with “loan-for-oil” deals at its core; however, in contrast with its recent softening stance on interventions, China has taken a cautious approach to the crisis in Venezuela since 2014. Nevertheless, not many studies highlight the reasons for China’s cautiousness. This paper tries to mitigate the gap by examining China’s strategic overdraft as exposed by this response and exploring the challenges in SSC model. It is herein argued that dual overdrafts of material power and credibility constitute the reason for China’s nonintervention in Venezuela. Meanwhile, as the country hoped to continue its presence in Venezuela and is concerned over the overdraft credibility risk by withdrawing, it chose adopt hedging as a form of flexible involvement. To avoid a similar situation in the future, China should neither rely on economic complementarity nor rigidly stick to nonintervention. With national economic and political interests and cooperative sustainability as a guide, China should clarify and redefine its nonintervention principle and adopt preventive measures for risk assessment and cooperation practices to innovate a more sustainable SSC model.

China International Development Cooperation Agency: Establishment, Improvement, and Limitations

( Wu Yue ),( Zhang Muhui ) 부경대학교 글로벌지역학연구소 2021 Journal of Global and Area Studies(JGA) Vol.5 No.1

Foreign aid is a salient component of China’s diplomacy. In recent years, China has gradually become a prolific donor and has attracted extensive international attention. In 2018, the Chinese government established the China International Development Cooperation Agency (CIDCA) as a specialized agency to manage its outgoing foreign aid, which represents China’s determination to reform its foreign aid system further. This paper analyzes the factors leading to the establishment of CIDCA and presents a comprehensive evaluation of its impacts on China’s foreign aid. It argues that CIDCA is a product of the internal and external pressures faced by the Chinese government. The agency exerts a multifaceted influence on, institutionalizes the characteristics of, and alleviates the problems existing in China’s foreign aid. However, CIDCA is not a panacea for Chinese aid because it has not completely solved existing problems. Thus, CIDCA is an initial step in the right direction. As such, its future influence and effectiveness require further observation.

More precise determination of V_cb & V_ub and direct CP violation in charmless B decays

Yue-liang Wu,Yu-Feng Zhou,YWhen-Yu Wang 한국물리학회 2004 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.45 No.2

More precise extractions on the two important CKM matrix elements jVcbj and jVubj are presented up to 1=m2 Q corrections, based on the complete heavy-quark eective eld theory (HQEFT) of QCD. The HQEFT as a large component QCD provides us with a complete theoretical framework for correctly and systematically evaluating the subleading and higher-order contributions in 1=mQ expansion of heavy quarks. A global analysis on charmless B decays is made, based on the isospin and SU(3) avor symmetry. An isospin relation is found to be very useful for studying SU(3) symmetry-breaking eects of strong phases and exploring new types of electroweak penguin eects. The direct CP violation in charmless B decays is predicted, and its precise measurement is helpful either for testing SU(3) symmetry breaking eects of strong phases or for probing new physics beyond standard model.

An improved resonantly driven piezoelectric gas pump

Yue Wu,Yong Liu,Jian-Fang Liu,Long Wang,Xiaoyang Jiao,Zhigang Yang 대한기계학회 2013 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.27 No.3

Piezoelectric pumps have the potential to be used in a variety of applications, such as in air circulation and compression. However, piezoelectric membrane pumps do not have enough driving capacity, and the heat induced during the direct contact between the driving part and the gas medium cannot be dissipated smoothly. When the gas is blocked, the piezoelectric vibrator generates heat quickly, which may eventually lead to damage. Resonantly driven piezoelectric stack pumps have high performance but no price advantage. In this situation, a novel, resonantly driven piezoelectric gas pump with annular bimorph as the driver is presented. In the study, the working principle of the novel pump was analyzed, the vibration mechanics model was deter-mined, and the displacement amplified theory was studied. The outcome indicates that the displacement amplification factor is related with the original displacement provided by the piezoelectric bimorph. In addition, the displacement amplification effect is related to the stiffness of the spring lamination, adjustment spring, and piezoelectric vibrator, as well as to the systematic damping factor and the driving frequency. The experimental prototypes of the proposed pump were designed, and the displacement amplification effect and gas output performance were measured. At 70 V of sinusoidal AC driving voltage, the improved pump amplified the piezoelectric vibrator displacement by 4.2 times, the maximum gas output flow rate reached 1685 ml/min, and the temperature of the bimorph remained normal after 2000 hours of operation when the gas medium was blocked.

ZNF424, a novel human KRAB/C2H2 zinc finger protein, suppresses NFAT and p21 pathway

( Yue Qun Wang ),( Jun Mei Zhou ),( Xiang Li Ye ),( Yong Qi Wan ),( Yong Qing Li ),( Xiao Yan Mo ),( Wu Zhou Yuan ),( Yan Yan ),( Na Luo ),( Ze Qun Wang ),( Xiong Wei Fan ),( Yun Deng ),( Xiu Shan Wu 한국생화학분자생물학회 (구 한국생화학회) 2010 BMB Reports Vol.43 No.3

Zinc finger-containing transcription factors are the largest single family of transcriptional regulators in mammals, which play an essential role in cell differentiation, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and neoplastic transformation. Here we have cloned a novel KRAB-related zinc finger gene, ZNF424, encoding a protein of 555aa. ZNF424 gene consisted of 4 exons and 3 introns, and mapped to chromosome 19p13.3. ZNF424 gene was ubiquitously expressed in human embryo tissues by Northern blot analysis. ZNF424 is conserved across species in evolution. Using a GFP-labeled ZNF424 protein, we demonstrate that ZNF424 localizes mostly in the nucleus. Transcriptional activity assays shows ZNF424 suppresses transcriptional activity of L8G5-luciferase. Overexpression of ZNF424 in HEK- 293 cells inhibited the transcriptional activity of NFAT and p21, which may be silenced by siRNA. The results suggest that ZNF424 protein may act as a transcriptional repressor that suppresses NFAT and p21 pathway to mediate cellular functions. [BMB reports 2010; 43(3): 212-218]

Dyeing Properties, UV Protection, and Deodorization of Silk Fabric Using Hot Water Extract of Ecklonia cava

Wu Yue,이은주 한국의류학회 2022 한국의류학회지 Vol.46 No.1

To explore the potential use of Ecklonia cava as a natural dye for textiles, silk fabric was dyed with Ecklonia cava extracted by hot water under varied conditions, including temperature, duration, dye concentration, mordanting, and pH adjustment. The fabric was also evaluated for fastness, sun-protective property, and deodorization. Ecklonia cava extract was estimated by FT-IR to have polyphenol as a main functional colorant in plants, while the existence of phlorotannins through the UV-spectrum method was also confirmed. The fabric was optimized for maximum dye uptake at a temperature of 80°C for a duration of 50 minutes along all dye concentrations. The dyed fabric showed a hue of Yellow Red under all dyeing conditions while additional color tones, such as grayish and dark, were generated through mordanting and pH adjustment. Both good sun-protective properties and a positive deodorization rate were also recorded, with more than 20% (owf) Ecklonia cava extract on silk fabric. These results imply that Ecklonia cava has great potential to be used as an eco-friendly natural dye and in fashion goods with skin-health functions made of silk.

Effect of microstructures on the shrinkage of injection molding product

Yue Wu,Yao Gong,차경제,박장민 대한기계학회 2019 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.33 No.3

Shrinkage of injection molding product is a well-known phenomenon which is determined by many factors such as material property, processing condition, mold design, and product design. This study aims to investigate the effect of microscopic structures on the shrinkage of macroscopic product. Flat specimens with and without microstructures were injection molded and the distribution of in-plane shrinkage was measured using an optical method. In the case without microstructures, anisotropic shrinkage is observed and the shrinkage magnitude increases with the distance from the gate. By applying the microstructures, the shrinkage could be reduced significantly, and the effect is especially noticeable when lower packing pressure was applied in the injection molding process. The numerical simulation result is also presented which suggests the importance of material data and lateral motion modeling for accurate prediction of the shrinkage.