고추 및 土壤에 處理한 Fenvalerate의 殘留消長

徐鎔澤,姜鍾國,沈在漢 全南大學校 農漁村開發硏究所 1986 農業科學技術硏究 Vol.21 No.-

This study was carried out to investigate the persistence of fenvalerate on pepper plants and soil. The results obtained were summarized as follows; Persistence of fenvalerate on pepper was investigated by spraying the fenvalarate 5%,EC at the level of 300g a.i./㏊ at 53 and 100 days after transplanting and monitoring its residue upto 35 days after the spray. The degradation patterns of the insecticide, regardless of spraying time, showed similar trends. The degradation patterns of the insecticide was sharply degraded at p days after spraying and slowly degraded thereafter. The mean of half-life of fenvalerate was 6.3 days. There was little difference between spraying times. Persistence of fenvalerate in sterilized and nonsterilized soils was investigated by ap-plying the fenvalerate 5%. EC at the level of 1.8㎎/kg and monitoring its residue upto 56 days after the treatment. Fenvalerate was more rapidly degraded under nonsterilized soil and hardly degraded in sterilized soil. The residue of fenvalerate in nonsterilized soil at 56 days after the treatment was 0.49㎎/㎏.

단감에서 Deltamethrin의 안전사용기준 설정을 위한 잔류량 평가

심재한,이강봉,서용택,양광록 全南大學校 農漁村開發硏究所 1990 農業科學技術硏究 Vol.25 No.-

Deltamethrin의 단감 재배기간중 살포횟수 및 처리시기에 따른 잔류수준을 시험하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. Deltamethrin의 잔류분석 회수율은 단감시료에 대해 0.1ppm과 1.0ppm에서 각각 평균 90.20%, 90.73%를 보였고 검출한계는 0.01ppm이었다. 2. Deltamethrin의 단감에서의 잔류는 Mills 등의 방법으로 분석한 결과 수확 3일전 6회 처리구에서만 0.16ppm으로 잔류 허용기준을 초과하였고 이로 미루어 deltamethrin의 단감중 안전사용은 수확 3일전 5회 이내의 사용으로 추천할 수 있었다. The effects of application number on the persistence of deltamethrin in sweet persimmons was analyzed. Deltamethrin EC(1%) was sprayed on the sweet persimmon trees at regular intervals (400 L/10a, 1,000 times diluted deltamethrin EC was sprayed on 60th, 45th, 30th, 15th, 7th, 3rd days before harvest). The procedure of residue analysis was based on the multiresidue analytical method using a polarized acetonitrile solution as the extracting solvent. Residue of deltamethrin were determined by alternate eluate (acetonitrile, hexane, dichloromethane 1.5 : 48.5 : 50 v/v) from the Florisil column to gas chromatographic analysis (ECD). Residue level of deltamethrin in sweet persimmons were proved to 0.16 ppm when the deltamethrin EC (1%) was sprayed 3 days before harvest. The recoveries were above 90% in spiked sweet persimmon samples, regardless of concentration.

새로운 잔류분석법을 이용한 제초제 Pyributicarb의 토양 및 볏짚, 현미중 잔류량평가

이강봉,서용택,심재한 全南大學校 農漁村開發硏究所 1992 農業科學技術硏究 Vol.27 No.-

A new method was performed to determine the residue amounts of pyributicarb. Persistence of pyributicarb in rice cultivated soil under the different soil texture was studied by spraying the herbicide pyributicarb at the rate of 160 g a.i /10a at 10 and 20 days after transplanting. The analysis for residues conducted upto 90 days after the final application. The decomposition rate was varied with soils and conditions. The half lives of pyributicarb in Kwangju and Iri field conditions for 1 times application were 15 and 38 day, respectively. In two times application fields of pyributicarb, the half lives were 20.7 and 38 day, respectively. The disappearance of pyributicarb in laboratory conditions was remarkably slow compared to those of those of field tests. The residue amounts of pyributicarb from brown rice and rice straw were <0.006 and <0.007ppm regardless of application times.

土壤에서 PCNB의 殘留消長과 微生物 活性에 미치는 影響

曺日奎,沈在漢,徐鎔澤 全南大學校 農漁村開發硏究所 1988 農業科學技術硏究 Vol.23 No.-

PCNB를 土壞에 處理하여 PCNB의 分解樣相, 殘留消長, 微生物, 生菌數 및 酵素生性에 미치는 影響을 經時的으로 調査하여 얻는 結果를 要葯하면 다음과 같다. 湛水土壞에서의 半減期는 7.9日이었고 非湛水土壞에서는 22.5日로서 湛水土壞에서는 분해가 非湛水土壞에서보다 빨랐다. 減菌湛水土壞에서의 半減期는 82.4日이었고 減菌非湛水土壞에서는 89.9日로서 減菌土壞에서는 非減菌土壞에서보다 分解速度가 緩慢하였다. 非湛水土壞에 PCNB를 5㎍/g濃度로 處理한 45日 후에 PCNB의 약 46%가 그 分解産物인 pentachloroaniline(PCA)으로 變換되었으며 減菌土壞에서는 PCA가 確認되지 않았다. PCNB가 微生物生菌數 에 미치는 影響을 조사한 結果 bateria와 fusarium,屬菌은 藥劑의 影響을 받지 않았고 actinomycetes와 fungi는 약간의 沮害를 받았다. 또 PCNB가 效素活性에 미치는 影響은 phoshoatase, protease, dehydrogenase 및 ß- glucosidase의 順으로 沮害率이 增加하였다. This study was carried out to investigate the persistence and the biodegradation pattern of pentachloronitrobenzene(PCNB) in soil. The effect of PCNB on soil microorganisms and enzyme activities were also determined. The results obtained are summarizexi as follows . Half-life of PCNB was 7.9 days in unsterilized submerged soil and 22.5 days in unsterilized moist soil. However, half-life of PCNB was 82.4 days in sterilzed submerged soil and 89.9 days in sterilized moist soil. PCNB was more rapidly degraded in unsterilized submerged soil than in sterilized soil. Loss of PCNB in unsterilized submerged, moist soil was accompanied by an increase in pentachloraniline (PCA), the principal degradation product, residue. But PCA was not detected in the sterilized soil. About 46% of the original PCNB was degraded in 45 days incubation in unsterilized submerged soil, which was evidenced by the production of PCA. Of the effect of PCNB on soil microorganisms and enzyme activities, number of bacteria and fusarium in soil was nearly unchanged, that of actinomycetes and fungi was decreased, and that of pythium was decreased strongly. The effect of PCNB on me activities in soil increased in the order: phosphatase<pro-tease<dehydragenase<ß-gluccsidase.

菜蔬栽培地 土壤과 菜蔬類의 有機鹽素系 殺蟲劑의 殘留評價

金喜權,徐鎔澤,沈在漢 全南大學校 農漁村開發硏究所 1984 農業科學技術硏究 Vol.19 No.-

菜蔬栽培土壤과 菜蔬類의 有機鹽素系 殺蟲劑의 殘留量을 評價하기 爲하여 GLS로 分析하여 얻은 結果는 다음과 같다. 土壤總平均殘留量은 상치土壤(0.166ppm), 시금치土壤(0.158ppm), 마늘土壤(0.105ppm), 쑥갓土壤(0.095ppm), 고구마土壤(0.080ppm), 배추土壤(0.063ppm), 아욱土壤(0.046ppm), 토마토土壤(0.027ppm) 順으로 높았다. 菜蔬의 總平均殘留量은 상치(0.038ppm), 시금치(0.022ppm), 마늘(0.015ppm), 아욱(0.013ppm), 고구마葉(0.012ppm), 당근(0.009ppm), 오이(0.008ppm), 배추(10.007ppm), 쑥갓(0.002ppm), 토마도(0.002ppm)順으로 높았으며, 土壤中의 總平均殘留量이 菜蔬中의 總平均殘留量보다 5~10倍 높았다. 菜蔬中의 總平均殘留量은 土壤中의 總平均殘留量에 比例하였다. α-BHC, γ-BHC는 土壤試料 및 菜蔬試料 全體에서 檢出되었다. 한편 PCNB, heptachlor, p, p'-DDE, dieldrin은 土壤試料에서는 平均殘留量 範圍가 栽培作物에 따라 各各 ND~0.004ppm, 0.001~0.017ppm, T~0.031ppm, T~0.032ppm이었으나 菜蔬試料에서는 거의 檢出되지 않았다. 供試菜蔬의 BHC, DDT汚染이 廣範圍하였지만 全體的인 殘留分의 水準은 FAO/WHO가 奬勵한 食品中 BHC, DDT 殘留許容限度인 0.5ppm, 1.0~7.0ppm에는 훨씬 未達하였다. Evaluation of levels of organochlorine pesticide in vegetables and agricultural soil samples were analysed by GLC equipped with electron capture detector. The result obtained were summarized as follows; Total mean residues of organochlorine pesticide in soil increased in the order of tomato soil(0.27ppm), cucumber soil(0.042ppm), marsh mallow soil(0.046ppm), cabbage soil(0.03ppm), sweet potato soil(0.080ppm% carrot soil(0.090ppm), crown daisy soil(0.095ppm), garlic soil(0.105ppm), spinach soil(0.158ppm), and lettuce soil(0.166ppm). Total mean resideues of organochlorine pesticide in vegetables increased in the order of crown daisy(0.002ppm), tomato(0.002ppm), cabbage(0.007ppm), cucumber(0.008ppm), carrot(0;009ppm), sweet potato leaf (0.012ppm.) marsh mallow(0.013ppm) garlic(0.015 ppm) and lettuce(0.038ppm). Levels of residue in soil was 5~10 times higher than those of vegetables. The similar trend appeared between levels of residue in soil and those of vegetables. α-BHC and γ-BHC were detected in all soil and vegetable samples. The mean residue levels of PCNB, heptachlor, p, p'-DDE and dieldrin in all soil samples were ND~0.004ppm, 0.001~0.017ppm. T~0.031ppm and T~0.032ppm, respectively, but those of in vegetable samples were hardly detected. In spite of high detection frequencies of BHC and DDT in vegetables, the levels of BHC and DDT pesticide residue in vegetables were found fairly low and were far lower than the tolerences for respective vegetables recommended(0.50ppm, 1.0~7.0ppm) jointly by FAO and WHO of United States.

살충제분해에 관여하는 동양종꿀벌의 효소활성에 관한 연구

서용택,심재한 한국환경농학회 1989 한국환경농학회지 Vol.8 No.1

東洋種꿀벌 (Apis cerana F.)에 對한 殺蟲劑의 毒性 및 解毒能力을 調査하고 농약한계 사용량 결정에 기여하기 위하여 7가지 대표적인 살충제의 꿀벌에 대한 독성 및 해독효소의 활성을 조사하였다. 효소 활성은 해독효소로 알려진 microsomal oxidases, glutathione S-transferasecs, esterase와 DDT-dehydrochlorinase를 조사했고 成蟲일벌의 中腸을 사용하여 측정하였다. LC_(50)치의 측정 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 공시 살충제중 DDT가 19ppm으로 毒性이 가장 낮았고 EPN이 0.75ppm으로 毒性이 가장 强했다. 2. 準致死濃度의 農藥이 成蟲일벌의 microsomal oxidase에 미치는 영향은 malathion 및 demeton S-methyl 처리가 aldrin epoxidase활성을 저해시켰고 N-demethylase활성은 carbayl 처리구에서 增大되었다. 3. Glutathione S-transferase(DCNB conjugation)활성은 diazinon과 malathion처리구에서 증대되었다. 4. Esterase는 malathion 및 permethrin처리구에서 α-NA esterase 活性의 沮害를 보였고 carboxylesterase와 AchE 활성은 거의 영향이 없었다. 5. DDT-dehydrochlorinase 활성은 carbaryl, malathion과 demeton S-methyl 처리구에서 저해를 보였다. This study was conducted to investigate insecticide toxicities to a honeybee, Apis cerana F. being raised in Korea and its detoxifying enzyme activities. In order to determine the appropriate usage of insecticides, median effective dose and detoxifying enzyme activities to seven insecticides were observed. Various detoxifying enzymes, including microsomal oxidases, glutathione S-transferases, esterases, and DDT-dehydrochlorinase were assayed in the midguts of adult worker bees as the enzyme source. Of the insecticides used, LC_(50) value in DDT treatment was the highest as 19ppm, and that in EPN treatment was the lowest as 0.75ppm. Sublethal exposures of honeybees to various insecticides had some effects on microsomal enzyme activities. Aldrin epoxidase activity was inhibited by malathion and demeton S-methyl treatment. N-demethylase activity was induced by carbaryl treatment. Of the glutathione S-transferases, aryltransferase(DCNB conjugation) activity was significantly induced by diazinon, and moderately induced by malathion. Of the esterases, α-NA esterase activity was moderately inhibited by malathion and permethrin. Carboxylesterase and acetylcholinesterase activity were not affected by the sublethal exposure of honeybee to the insecticides. Sublethal exposure of honeybee to the insecticides had no effect on DDT- dehydrochlorinase activity, except carbaryl, malathion and demeton S-methyl were inhibited.

수증기 증류법에 의한 토양중 유기염소계 살충제의 잔류분 평가

서용택,박노동,심재한 한국환경농학회 1984 한국환경농학회지 Vol.3 No.2

水蒸氣蒸溜法으로 抽出하고 GLC-ECD를 使用하여 全羅南道 耕作地 土壤試料 121點(plastic film house 59, 밭 30, 果樹園 32點) 중의 6가지 有機鹽素系 殺蟲劑 (γ-BHC, heptachlor, dieldrin, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDT)의 殘留分을 分析評價하였다. 總平均殘留量은 果樹園이 0.415ppm, plastic film house가 0.234ppm, 밭 土壤이 0.158ppm이었다. 全體 殘留水準의 94%를 p,p'-DDT와 그 同族體(p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD)가 차지했고, γ-BHC는 모든 供試土壤에서 檢出되었으며 검출범위는 trace∼0.050ppm이었다. 總 平均殘留量은 p,p'-DDD>p,p'-DDT>dieldrin◎heptachlor>γ-BHC◎p,p'-DDE 順이었다. Agricultural soil samples collected from 121 sites (plastic film house 59, up-land 30 and orchard 32 sites) were evaluated by steam distillation and GLC-ECD analysis for organochlorine pesticides (γ-BHC, heptachlor, p,p'-DDE, dieldrin, p,p'-DDD, and p,p'-DDT) in Jeollanam-Do area. Total residues of organochlorine pesticide in orchard, plastic film house and up-land were 0.415, 0.234 and 0.156 ppm, respectively. Ninety-four percent of total residue was p,p'-DDT and its homologues (p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDD). γ-BHC was detected in all soil samples at trace∼0.050 ppm range. Residue levels of organochlorine pesticide increased in the order of p,p'-DDE, γ-BHC, heptachlor, dieldrin, p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDD.

토양중 유기염소계 살충제의 용매추출법과 수증기 증류법의 비교

서용택,박노동,심재한 한국환경농학회 1983 한국환경농학회지 Vol.2 No.2

土壤中에서 有機鹽素系 殺蟲劑 殘留分 分析을 爲한 보다 單純하고 效率的인 方法의 하나로 水蒸氣蒸溜法을 利用한 抽出科程을 導入하여 溶媒抽出法과 比較 檢討하였다. 供試한 8種의 農藥가운데 α-BHC와 heptachlor epoxide의 回收率은 수증기 증류법으로 각각 47, 45%였으나 나머지 6종의 회수율은 平均 88%로 종래의 溶媒抽出法의 回收率 86%와 對等하였다. 耕作地 土壤 15點의 分析結果도 旣存의 溶媒抽出法으로 抽出하여 定量한 값과 一致하였다. 本方法은 操作이 單純하고 溶媒가 節約되며 경우에 따라서는 精製過程을 省略할 수 있는 잇점이 있었다. Principle of steam distillation has been successfully applied to the routine extraction of organochlorine pesticide residues from soil samples. Recovery of 8 organochlorine insecticides was found consistent and also comparable to that of conventional solvent extraction method. Recoveries of α-BHC and heptachlor was, however, rather poor at 47 and 45% respectively. The steam distillation method offers added advantages such as economy in time and costly solvents.

연안 패류(貝類) 서식지 저니토중(底泥土中) 유기염소계의 농약의 잔류평가

서용택,심재한,임건재 한국환경농학회 1986 한국환경농학회지 Vol.5 No.2

主要 貝類 棲息地中 西南海岸 4個地域을 選定, 1983년 8월부터 10월에 걸쳐 底泥土 試料118點을 採取, gas chromatograph에 의하여 有機鹽素系 農藥의 殘留量을 分析한 結果 α-BHC, γ-BHC와 PCNB, heptachlor, α-endosulfan, β-endosulfan, p, p'-DDE, dieldrin, o, p'-DDT 및 p, p'-DDT 等이 2∼98%의 檢出頻度를 보였고 그 平均殘留水準은 γ-BHC와 PCNB>α-BHC>heptachlor α-endosulfan p, p'-DDE dieldrin β-endosulfan o, p'-DDT p, p'-DDT順으로 trace∼0.04ppm範圍였다. 地域別 總殘留量의 平均은 康津, 光陽, 麗川 및 靈光이 各各 0.058, 0.080, 0.016 및 0.075ppm이었다. DC-200 column을 使用하여 γ-BHC와 PCNB의 peak를 分離하였고 PCNB는 이를 還元 誘導體인 PCA로 만들어 同定함으로써 供試試料中 PCNB가 殘留됨을 確認하였다. After selecting four places in the main shellfish habitat, 118 items of the sample were collected in the mud flat from August to October in 1983, in order to analyze organochlorine pesticide residues by a gas chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector. The results obtained were summarized as follows; α-BHC, γ-BHC & PCNB, heptachlor, α-endosulfan, β-endosulfan, p, p'-DDE, dieldrin, o, p'-DDT and p, p'-DDT were detected in the range from 2 to 98 percent and their levels of mean residues ranged from trace to 0.041ppm, in the order of γ-BHC & PCNB, α-BHC, heptachlor α-endosulfan p, p'-DDE dieldrin β-endosulfan o, p'-DDT, and p, p'-DDT. The mean of total residues in regions was Kangjin(0.058ppm), Kwangyang(0.080ppm), Yoch'on (0.016ppm), and Yonggwang(0.75ppm). γ-BHC & PCNB peak were separated by column packed with DC-200. PCNB was identified by making a PCA(pentachloroaniline), the reduced derivative of PCNB, and this confirmed that PCNB residues were detected in the soil sample.

잉어중 Endosulfan 의 잔류분석을 위한 Radioimmunoassay(RIA) 의 개발

서용택,심재한,이강봉 한국환경농학회 1994 한국환경농학회지 Vol.13 No.3

Endosulfan의 殘留分析을 위한 RIA(radioimmuno assay)는 endosulfan alcohol(EA)-BSA conjugate를 抗原으로 하여 집토끼에서 免疫抗體를 生産하였다. 生産된 免疫抗體의 力價는 1 : 32,000 으로 endosulfan과 EA 以外의 類似化合物에서는 거의 反應性을 나타내지 않았으며 RIA를 위한 最適 稀釋倍數는 1:2,000 으로 나타났다. RIA의 最適 培養溫度는 4℃ 이었으며 endosulfan의 檢出範圍는 1 ng-20 ㎍ 이었고 最小檢出量은 1 ng 이었다. RIA 技法을 利用하여 잉어의 各 組織과 供試水에서 실시한 回收率 試驗 結果는 GLC/ECD나 ELISA를 利用한 回收率보다 우수하게 나타났다. 試料에서 RIA에 의한 endosulfan의 檢出限界는 0.1 ppb 였다. The established methods in the residue analysis of endosulfan require an extensive sample clean-up prior to quantification by relatively complex equipment. A radioimmunoassay(RIA) provides a simple procedure with theoretically higher sensitivity and specificity necessitating only a minimum of sample clean-up. Endosulfan-specific antibodies were developed in rabbits by using a bovine serum albumin(BSA) conjugate wherein the alcohol form of endosulfan was multiply bound to the protein via succinylation. Produced antibodies showed the high titers to endosulfan-BSA(1 : 32,000). An RIA method was developed in water and carp by using ^(14)C-labeled endosulfan as a tracer. The lowest detection amount of endosulfan was 1 ng in the liver, kidneys, gut and water samples, and 3 ng in the whole body sample of carp without any clean-up, corresponding to 0.1 ppb of endosulfan.