중온 침출수 재순환 혐기성 소화 시스템을 이용한 음식물류 폐기물 처리

조찬휘ㆍ이병희ㆍ이용운(Chan Hui ChoㆍByong hi LeeㆍYong Woon Lee) 유기성자원학회 2016 유기물자원화 Vol.24 No.1

본 연구에서는 침출수 재순환 시스템을 적용한 중온 혐기성소화를 이용하여 음식물류 폐기물을 분해하여 메탄가스를 생산하였다. 실험은 36℃로 유지되는 항온수조 내에 생물반응조와 침출수 저장조로 구성된 2개의 동일한 시스템(System A, System B)을 사용하였고, 생물반응조 하단 30 mm위에는 스크린이 있어 고액분리를 하여 침출수 저장조로 침출수를 이송하였다. 침출수 재순환은 매일 수행하였으며, 침출수 재순환 시에는 생물반응조 하단에서 침출수 저장조로 2.5 L를 30분간 이송한 뒤 다시 침출수 저장조에서 생물반응조 상부로 2.5 L를 30분간 주입하였다. 주입된 음식물류 폐기물은 수집되기 전 한 번 세척하였으며 반응조에 주입되기 전에 36℃로 온도를 올렸다. System A에 49.1 g VS, System B에 54.0 g VS을 2주 간격으로 투입하였다. 저해인자로 측정된 항목은 NH₄⁺-N과 염도였으며, 두 가지 항목의 농도 모두 시스템에 끼친 영향은 없는 것으로 나타났다. System A는 112일간, System B는 140일 동안 운전하였는데, 각 시스템에서 인발된 슬러지는 없었다. 음식물류 폐기물의 혐기성 소화를 통한 평균 메탄 발생량은 System A의 경우 0.439 L CH4/g VS, System B의 경우 0.368 L CH4/g VS로 나타났다. In this study, mesophilic anaerobic digestion of source separated food waste was carried out by leachate recirculation system and methane gas was produced. Two systems - system A and B were fabricated and placed within water bath to maintain 36℃. Each system was comprised of an anaerobic bioreactor and a leachate tank. Leachate in bioreactor was separated through the screen located at 30 mm above the bottom and a pump was installed to transfer collected leachate to the leachate tank. Everyday, 2.5 L of the leachate was pumped from the bioreactor to the leachate tank for 30 min and transferred leachate was pumped back to the top of the bioreactor for 30min, sequentially. Source separated food waste used for this experiment was washed by water before transferring to the laboratory. Transferred food waste was warmed to 36℃ before being fed to bioreactors. System A was fed to 49.1 g VS (Volatile Solids) and System B was fed to 54.0 g VS at every two weeks, respectively. NH₄⁺-N and salinity were monitored to see the inhibition toward anaerobic bioreaction and it was found that concentrations of these materials were not high enough to affect the bioreaction. Although the food waste was fed biweekly for 112 days and 140 days at system A and B, respectively, there was no sludge withdrawal from each system. Average methane productions rates were 0.439 L CH4/g VS and 0.368 L CH4/g VS for system A and B, respectively.

리스페달 정(리스페리돈 2㎎)에 대한 리스펜 정의 생물학적 동등성

조혜영,박은자,강현아,백승희,이석,박찬호,문재동,이용복 한국약제학회 2004 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.34 No.2

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two risperidone tablets, Risperdal (Janssen Korea Co., Ltd) and Rispen (Myung In Pharm. Co., Ltd), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). The risperione release from the two risperidone formulations in vitro was tested using KP Ⅷ Apparatus Ⅱ method with various of dissolution media (pH 1.2, 4.0, 6.8 butter solution and water). Twenty four healthy male subjects, 23.33±2.10 years in age and 69.24±8.05 kg in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized 2×2 crossover study was employed. After one tablet containing 2 ㎎ as risperidone was orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentration of risperidone in serum were determined using HPLC method with UV detector. The dissolution profiles of two formulations were similar at all dissolution media. Besides, the pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC_(t), C_(max) were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters using logarithmically transformed AUC_(t), C_(max) and untransformed T_(max). The results showed that the differences between two formulations based on the Risperdal were 0.20, -1.29 and -11.09% for AUC_(t), C_(max) and T_(max), respectively. There were no sequence effects between two formulations in these parameters. The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically transformed data were within the acceptance range of log(0.8) to log(1.25) (e.g., log(0.90)∼log(1.03) and log(0.84)∼log(1.09) for AUC_(t) and C_(max), respectively). Thus, the criteria of the KFDA guideline for the bioequivalence were satisfied, indicating Rispen tablet and Risperdal tablet were bioequivalent.

배드민턴 선수들의 정신력 특성 분석

조용찬,이동수,이재형 한국스포츠리서치 2005 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.16 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mental toughness of Badminton players and suggest way of performance enhancement using Loehr's AET(Athletic Excellent Training) program. Subjects of this study were sampled 243 the badminton players (133 male, 110 female) by the random sampling method. The method of statistics used to analysis the collected data are mean, standard deviation, two-way ANOVA. Based on the procedures and results, the following conclusions were warranted ; 1. Arousal control. Attention control were significant between high school and major badminton players. Major badminton players showed lower score than that college badminton players(p<.05). 2. Positive energy were significant difference a statistics of sex. 3. In general Self-confidence, Arousal control, Attention control level. which are important factors of badminton players. were lower then the norm of AET. 4. Imagery, motivation level. Attitude control level of high school groups showed lower score. 5. Self-confidence, Arousal control, Attention control level, motivation level, Positive energy factors of showed lower score, Imagery, Attitude control level factors of showed higher score.

강남성모병원에서의 정신과 자문경험

조용찬,이성필,유태열 大韓神經精神醫學會 1984 신경정신의학 Vol.23 No.2

In an attempt to evaluate the current trends of psychiatric consultation, authors investigated 142 cases of in patients who were referred for psychiatric consultation at Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital from April 1, to November 30, 1983. The results were as follows: 1. The majority of consultations was requested from the department of internal medicine(67.61%). 2. The overall consultation rate was 1.71% of total inpatients for the time period. The department of internal medicine ranked highest in the consultation rate(5.12%). 3. Among the immediate reasons for psychiatric consultation, request for diagnostic evaluation and treatment was 65.63% and request for control of specific symptoms or behavior was 34.37%. 4. Among the somatic symptoms present on consultation, gastrointestinal symptoms and head & CNS symptoms were the most frequent ones. 5. Affective disorders including depression(25.39%), and organic mental disorder(16.58%) were the most frequent diagnostic impressions given by consultant. 6. Regarding the concordance rate with the recommendations given by consultant, absolute concordance with laboratory tests(including psychological tests), drug treatment and psychotherapeutic approach was observed among 62.39% of total consultees. However, non-concordance was observed among 11.93%. 7. For the discharge diagnosis, psychiatric diagnosis was given to 33.03% among all the consultees. 8. The inter-departmental transfer rate following psychiatric consultation was 21.20%.

시클러 캡슐(세파클러 250㎎)에 대한 경보세파클러 캡슐의 생물학적동등성

조혜영,강현아,김세미,박찬호,오인준,임동구,문재동,이용복 한국약제학회 2005 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.35 No.1

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two cefaclor capsules, Ceclor (Lilly Korea Co., Ltd.) and Kyongbocefaclor (Kyongbo Pharm. Co., Ltd.), according to the guidelines of the Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). The release of cefaclor from the two cefaclor formulations in vitro was tested using KP VIII Apparatus II method with various dissolution media (pH 1.2. 4.0. 6.8 buffer solution and water). Twenty four healthy male subjects. 22.96±1.52 years in age and 67.03±7.90 kg in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized 2x2 cross-over study was employed. After one capsule containing 250 mg of cefaclor was orally administered, blood was taken at pre-determined time intervals and the concentrations of cefaclor in serum were determined using HPLC method with UV detector. The dissolution profiles of two formulations were similar at all dissolution media. In addition. the pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC_(t), C_(max) and T _(max) were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters using logarithmically transformed AUC_(t). C_(max) and untransformed Tmaa. The results showed that the differences between two formulations based on the reference drug, Ceclor. were -1.90%, 2.68% and -7.60% for AUCt, C_(max) and T_(max), respectively. There were no sequence effects between two formulations in these parameters. The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically transformed data were within the acceptance range of log 0.8 to log 1.25 (e.g., log 0.91-log 1.06 and log 0.92-log 1.18 for AU', and C_(max), respectively). Thus. the criteria of the KFDA bioequivalence guideline were satisfied, indicating Kyongbocefaclor capsule was bioequivalent to Ceclor capsule.

항생제 혼합 시멘트 정을 이용한 장관골 감염성 불유합의 이단계 치료

조세현,정순택,박형빈,황선철,하용찬,황인환 대한골절학회 2004 대한골절학회지 Vol.17 No.4

목적: 장관골 감염성 불유합의 치료 시 항생제 혼합 시멘트 정을 이용한 이단계 재건술의 결과를 분석하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 1998년 1월부터 2002년 9월까지 장관골 감염성 불유합으로 이단계 재건 수술을 받은 41예 (대퇴골 26예, 경골 15예)를 대상으로 하였다. 일단계 수술에서는 광범위한 변연 절제술, 부골 제거 및 세척술과 기존 고정 장치의 제거 또는 외고정 장치로의 교환을 시행한 후 시공 (dead space)과 불유합 주변 연부조직 내 항생제 혼합 시멘트 정을 삽입하였다. 임상적 감염 증상이 호전된 평균 8.7주 (3주~32주) 후 이단계 재건술로서 Ⅰ군은 내고정 장치 (금속판 5예, 골수강내 금속정 8예), Ⅱ군은 외고정 장치 (Ilizarov 25예, Monofixator 3예)로 각각 고정하고 17예에서는 골내 이동술이나 골 연장술을 시행하였다. 양군 모두 필요한 경우 골 이식과 시멘트 정의 교환을 추가하였다. 추시 기간은 16개월에서 최장 71개월로 평균 45개월 이었다. 치료 결과는 골유합 기간 및 Paley 방법에 의한 방사선상 골유합 상태와 하지 기능으로 평가하였다. 결과: Ⅰ군 13예 전부와 Ⅱ군 28예 중 26예에서 감염의 치료와 골유합을 얻었다. 이단계 재건술 후 골 이식술, 골 소파술, 외고정 핀 교환과 각변형 교정술, 피부 이식 또는 근육 피판 회전술 등의 보조적 시술이 Ⅰ군은 평균 2회, Ⅱ군은 평균 6.2회 추가되었다. 평균 골유합 기간은 Ⅰ군이 19.3주이고 Ⅱ군이 23.1주로 내고정군이 더 빨랐다. 방사선상 Paley 골유합 상태는 Ⅰ군이 우수 8예, 양호 5예이었고, Ⅱ군이 우수 18예, 양호 7예, 보통 1예, 불량 2예 이었다 (p=0.492). 기능적 결과는 Ⅰ군에서 우수 6예, 양호 6예, 보통 1예 이었고, Ⅱ군에서는 우수 10예, 양호 13예, 보통 3예, 불량 2예 이었다 (p=0.267). 결론: 항생제 혼합 시멘트 정의 골수염 치료 효과가 관찰되었으며, 감염이 호전된 후 내고정 장치로 교환해 준 군이 외고정을 유지한 군에 비하여 추가 수술 횟수가 적고, 골유합 기간도 빨랐다. Purpose: To evaluate treatment results between internal na external fixation groups in two-stage reconstruction of infected nonunion of long bones using antibiotics-impregnated cement beads. Materials and Methods: In the first stage, preexisting hardwares were removed and radical debridement was done. The dead space was filled with antibiotics -impregnated cement beads and the nonunion sits was immobilized by external fixation, cast or skeletal traction. In the second stage, all cases were divided into two groups; the nonunion was fixed by internal fixation in group Ⅰ versus external fixation in group Ⅱ. The intervening period between the first and second stage was average 8.7 weeks (range, 3~23 weeks). Results: The follow-up period was average 45 months (range, 16~71 months). Infection control and bone union were achieved in all 13 cases of group Ⅰ. Infection recurred in two of 28 cases in group Ⅱ, one underwent above-knee amputation and the other case was lost in follow-up. The mean number of supportive operations including repeated curettage, augmentation and change of infected pins, angular correction, and soft tissue flap was average 2 and 6.2 times respectively in group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ. Bony union period was average 19.3 and 23.1 weeks in each group. According to Paley's classification, group Ⅰ was similar to group Ⅱ in bony and functional result (p>0.05). Conclusion: Antibiotics-impregnated cement beads provided positive effect on infection control. Internal fixation group showed less number of additional operations and earlier bony union than external fixation group.

근관내 여러 조건에서의 ROOT ZX 전자근관장 측정기의 정확성에 관한 연구

조용범,홍한표,홍찬의 단국대학교 치의학연구소 1994 단국대치의학연구소논문집 Vol.6 No.1

근관내 여러 조건에서의 ROOT ZX 전자근관장 측정기의 정확성에 관한 연구

조용범,홍한표,홍찬의 단국대학교 치의학연구소 1994 논문집 Vol.6 No.1

The technique of electronic working length determination has gained considerable popularity among both endodontists and general dentist. Recently, the Root ZX(J.Morita Corp., Tokyo, Japan) has been developed with unique electronic features that are claimed to maintain the instrument's accuracy regardless of canal condition. The purpose of this study is to compare the accuracy of the Root ZX with estimates of actual canal length, in vitro model and in vivo under the various condition. 1. The experiment in vitro model 50 extracted, single-rooted and single-canaled, teeth with mature apices were selected. The extirpated teeth were placed in a saline-soaked Oasis, and measured with Root ZX according to manufacturer's instruction in the dried canal and saline-irrigated canal. The teeth were then removed from the model and the actual canal length was measured. The values of canal length in each conditions were used for evaluating the results. 2. In vivo study 15 teeth which destined for extraction were selected. Once access was gained, the canals were irrigated using 5.25% sodium hypochlorite and were not dried prior to insertion of the measurement file. Once the Root ZX indicated the C-D junction, self-curing resin was injected into the canal. The tooth was extracted and ground with a bur and Soflex disk. This was done until the terminus of the file and the root was revealed. The distance from the end of the file to the foramen(major diameter) was measure, and evaluated. The results were as follows: 1. In vitro study(A/B : difference between A and B) 1). The mean values of acutal length/dried canal length and actual length/saline irrigated canal length were 0.528㎜, and 0.525㎜ respectively. There is no significant difference between the means of acutal length/dried canal length and actual length/saline irrigated canal length. 2). Root ZX could locate the C-D junction at the point of 0.5㎜ inside of major foramen, in both dried canal and saline-irrigated canal. 2. In vivo study 1). Root ZX could locate the the C-D junction at the point of 0.5㎜ coronal to the major foramen in presence of 5.25% NaOCl. 2). Root Zx located a point that was perceived to be the apical constriction. The majority of file tip experimented were within the canal, not extended beyond the major foramen.

프로스포츠 구단 프런트 구성원의 전문성 실태와 효율적 확보 방안

조용찬 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.2

The purpose of this study was that we've checked out professionality of the present front staffs and them made a plan for the effective front staffs. The object of study were 177 staffs who worked for 8 professional baseball teams or for 11 professional football teams. We could conclude these followed from the result of study. First, we might think that professional football and baseball which are one of the most popular sports in our country have more audience in the ration of 2:1 than any other sports. But there is a smaller audience in the professional football as compared to the professional baseball. Especially, the number of front staffs who works for professional much smaller than one works for professional football. The front staffs are lacking for managing the professional team. For a small number of front staffs carries out too many works, it is very difficult for them to do marketing effectively, specially and classified. Second, the purpose of professional team is that the team profit the company very well. At the same time it offers great image of the company and sound leisure to fans. Also, it contributes to social welfare. The front staff who works for the professional team should major in physical education or in the field related to sports management. So professional team would have more specialized, professional staffs than earlier and then manage whole team effectively. Third, according to our materials, the front staff in the professional team work on an average for 4.64 years. Although the limited staffs have worked in the various field for the lack of staffs, they have got only small wages. So they are always complaining of few wages. Therefore, the professional team should build good working environment for the staffs and it try for front staff to get more wages than earlier. Also it should encourage them to be specialist in a field and to work for long time.

프로씨름구단 웹사이트 분석을 통한 저변화 극복 방안

조용찬,박용범 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.6

These days professional Ssirum s the most traditional wrestling which has been famous in Korea and has shown korean nationality. However Sisirum is inferior to other professional sports, that is, professional baseball, professional football, professional basketball. The purpose of this study s that we would like to make people have understanding of the reality of korean Ssirum in these days and then suggest some plans for solving the problems which Sisirum has had. We should lead more people than earlier to visit stadiums to watch Ssirum match, because Sisirum has not been more popular than other professional sports. For this, we should offer something to enjoy and cause people to enjoy games. Therefore this kind of pleasure helps them visit Sisirum matches. To reach our goals, we would like to analyse web sites and homepages of many different professional Sisirum teams and compare their web sites. Increasing fan's interest in Sisirum s the most important thing to manage the professional Sisirum team. Also, effective activities of public relation could lead the companies which have professional Sisirum to improve their images. In this points we would like to suggest these following plans. First, professional Sisirum team should offer various service on-line or web sites. Second, professional Ssirum team should build up the newest and the most effective web sites in the relation to other companies to improve companies' image. Third, more intriguing events than other professional sports must be serviced.