한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

인천지역 TDI 노출 작업자에서 직업성천식 유병율

김형렬,김철우,홍윤철,전형준,김치년,김현수,이지나,신주연,고동희,노재훈 大韓産業醫學會 2004 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.16 No.2

목적 : TDI는 직업성천식을 일으키는 대표적인 물질로 알려져 있다. 과거 TDI에 노출된 작업자들의 천식 발생률을 5~6%가량 보고하였고, 국내에서도 2-20%에 이르는 유병율을 보고한바 있다. 작업환경이 많이 개선되고, 노출량이 감소된 최근에도 TDI에 의한 직업성천식에 대한 보고가 많이 이루어지고 있어, 이에 대한 적극적인 조사와 진단과정을 통해 유병율을 구하고 질병발생의 변화양상을 파악해 보고자 하였다. 방법 : 인천지역에서 특수건강진단을 수행하는 2개 기관의 TDI 노출 근로자 400여명 중, 사업장의 규모가 50인 이상이며 사업주가 연구진행을 허락한 사업장에서 근무하는 근로자 중 직접적으로 TDI에 노출되는 작업에 종사하는 근로자 170명을 연구대상으로 하였다. 이들에 대해 설문지와 산업의학의사의 면담을 통한 작업관련성 평가를 근거로 정밀대상자를 선정하고 이들에 대해 메타콜린 유발시험, TDI 유발시험 등을 수행하여 직업성천식을 확인하였다. 결과 : 설문조사 결과 11명이 직업과 관련하여 천식증상을 보이는 것으로 나타났고(6.9%), 이중 7명에서 메타콜린 유발검사 양성소견을 보였다. TDI에 의한 특이유발시험 결과 1명에서 양성반응이 나타나, 이 집단에서 TDI에 의한 직업성천식의 유병율은 0.58%였다. 결론 : 과거 국내연구에서 TDI에 의한 직업성천식의 유병율이 2~20%에 이르렀던 데 비해, 본 연구에서는 0.58%로 나타났다. 이는 국외 논문에서도 나타나는 경향으로 작업장 노출량 감소로 점차 발생률이 감소하는 양상을 보이고 있다. 그러나 이미 증상이 나타난 근로자들이 부서를 옮기거나, 직장을 그만둠으로 인해 그 유병율이 과소평가되었을 가능성도 있다고 판단된다. Objecdives: This study was carried out to estimate the prevalence of isocyanate-induced occupational asthma in toluene diisocyanate (TDI) exposed workers. Methods: We examined 170 workers who had been directly exposed to TDI through a medical questionnaire, physical examination, and pulmonary function test. Based on screening examination, workers with suspected occupational asthma were selected for further evaluation such as methacholine and TDI challenge tests. Results: Eleven (6.9%) among 170 workers complained of symptoms of occupational asthma. and 7 among these 11 symptomatic workers showed positive responses to the methacholine challenge test (4.1 %). One spray painter was confirmed as having the TDI induced occupational asthma following a positive response to TDI challenge test. Conclusions: The prevalence of TDI-induced asthma was at 0.58% was lower than that for former studies (2-20%). Improved workplace environment, lower level of TDI exposure compared to the past, and the healthy workers effect may have contributed to this low rate of asthma prevalence in workers with TDI exposure.

인간 배자 두경부의 외형 발생에 관한 연구

박형우,이규석,김원규 대한해부학회 1992 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.25 No.3

VE기법을 이용한 원가절감의 실증적 연구 : 냉동공조공업체의 A사의 사례를 중심으로

김형겸,김우식 연세대학교 산업기술연구소 1991 논문집 Vol.23 No.1

This study was carried out to research the task realistically, the following results have been obtained by applying Job Plan of the Value Engineering Systematic Approach to the selected product that manufactured by refrigeration and air conditioning industry. The care study showed the 27% reduction effect of manufacturing cost, 39% of elimination effect of product trouble cause, 34% reduction effect of manufacturing goods volume and 10 day shortening effect of manufacturing period by applying the Job Plan of the Value Engineering Systematic Approach.

한국인 배자 및 태아에서 유치 발생의 조직학적 변화

김희진,임희식,최병재,오현주,박형우 大韓小兒齒科學會 1998 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.25 No.2

Tooth development is usually described in four stages such as bud stage, cap stage, bell stage and crown stage. Exact time of appearance of tooth primordia is different among reports, and up to now there is no timetable regarding initial tooth development. To understand the congenital malformations and other disorders of the orofacial region, there is need to establish a standard timetable of early tooth development. Till now, studies on the tooth development were mainly on later fetuses, and only few reports on early stage. Also, there were no reports on the time when bud stage turns to cap stage, and cap stage to bell stage. In this study, external morphology of face and the early development of the tooth, and transition of bud stage to cap stage, cap stage to bell stage were studied using 27 staged human embryos and 9 serially sectioned human fetuses. the results are as follows : 1. Mandibular region was formed by union of both mandibular arch at stage 15, and maxillary region by union of maxillary arch, medial nasal prominence, and intermaxillary segment at stage 19. 2. Ectodermal thickening which represents the primordia of tooth appeared in mandibular region at stage 13, and maxillary region at stage 15. 3. Bud stage began from mandibular primary central incisor at stage 17, and maxillary primary central incisor at stage 18. And the sequence of appearance was in the mandibular primary lateral incisor at stage 19, maxillary primary lateral incisor at stage 20, mandibular primary canine at stage 22, maxillary primary canine and primary first molar at stage 23, madibular primary first molar and maxillary primary second molar at 9th week, and mandibular primary second molar at 10th week of development. 4. cap stage began from the primary anterior teeth at 9th week, and primary second molar still had the characteristics of cap stage at 12th week of development. 5. Transition to bell stage started from the primary anterior teeth at 12th week, and primary second molar started at 16th week of development. 6. Trnasition to crown stage started from primary anterior teeth at 16th week, and primary second molar at 26th week of development.

분말야금법으로 제조된 2124AI 합금의 빠른변형률속도 초소성 거동

金祐塡,張勝彦,南勝義,金亨駿 弘益大學校 科學基術硏究所 1999 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.10 No.2

Ceramic whisker or particulate reinforced aluminum based metal matrix composites show high room temperature strength, but their low formability makes it difficult to form into desired shapes. By superplastic deformation, their formability can be improved and it is possible to produce complex parts for automotive aerospace simultaneously instead of many near-net-shape forming operations. This study has been carried out to investigate the high temperature mechanical and superplastic properties in 2124Al alloy. SRC(Strain Rate Change) tests show that the value of n(stress exponent) is around 3 at high strain rate and above 5 at low strain rate. It was turned out that 212Al matrix alloy exhibited reasonably high tensile elongation above 250% with the broad range of temperature and strain rate. Especially, at 550℃, both materials showed very high elongation failure up to 700% for 2124Al alloy. The strength comparison is lower strength then 2124Al composites were obtained that the composite is lower strength than 2124Al alloy at superplastic region.

저 소음/저 진동 철도 감속기 개발에 대한 연구

김인환,허남수,이형우 진주산업대학교 산업과학기술연구소 2003 산업과학기술연구소보 Vol.- No.10

A dynamic model of railway reduction is developed by the lumped parameter method. The model accounts for shafts, bearings flexibilities, gyroscopic effects and the force couplings among the transverse and torsion motions due to gearing. Excitation forces of railway reduction are considered as the mass unbalance of the rotors and a function of gear transmission error which comes from the modified tooth surface. A Campbell diagram, in which the excitation sources caused by the mass unbalance of the rotors and the transmittea errors of the gearing are considered, shows that, at the operating speed, there are not the critical speed The program which can be used to analyze and predict the vibrational characteristics by mass unbalance and gear transmission error of railway reduction is developed with this system model.

토오크 측정 장치 개발

김교형,조우석 嶺南大學校 工業技術硏究所 2004 工業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.32 No.2

In this paper torque control system of screw fastener by strain gauge is investigated. Strain gauge sensor applicable to screw fasterner is designed and fabricated. Through the experiments the developed system has showed good screw fasterning capability. Industrial application of the developed system can be expected in terms of productivity increase and quality improvement of assembly lines.

인장시험 시 불안정과 네킹 거동의 유한요소해석

김형섭,김성호,류우석 대한금속재료학회 2004 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.42 No.8

A tensile test is the most widely used mechanical property testing method to measure inherent material behaviour including full flow curves as well as Young's modulus, yield strength, tensile strength and elongation. In the present study, tensile deformation and necking behaviour was investigated using the finite element method code MSC.MARC and the plasticity instability theory. It is shown that the finite element analysis for the tensile test of cylindrical samples can reproduce necking instability by applying a radial constraint at the loading points without assuming initial imperfections. The predicted finite element results compared to the Hart's instability criterion shows that the Hart's analytical solution overestimates necking strains a little in strain hardening materials. The finite element analysis of tensile tests with the geometric constraint is useful for interpreting deformation and developing new materials in that it can successfully reproduce not only uniform elongation and necking initiation but also post necking behaviour.

카네기 발생 20기의 사람 배자

김현,김호정,박형우 대한췌담도연구회 2000 대한췌담도연구회지 Vol.5 No.4