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An, Chul Han,Nazki, Salik,Park, Sung-Chul,Jeong, Yu Jeong,Lee, Ju Huck,Park, Su-Jin,Khatun, Amina,Kim, Won-Il,Park, Youn-Il,Jeong, Jae Cheol,Kim, Cha Young Springer-Verlag 2018 Planta Vol.247 No.4
<P>Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes PRRS, the most economically significant disease affecting the swine industry worldwide. However, current commercial PRRSV vaccines (killed virus or modified live vaccines) show poor efficacy and safety due to concerns such as reversion of virus to wild type and lack of cross protection. To overcome these problems, plants are considered a promising alternative to conventional platforms and as a vehicle for large-scale production of recombinant proteins. Here, we demonstrate successful production of recombinant protein vaccine by expressing codon-optimized and transmembrane-deleted recombinant glycoproteins (GP4D and GP5D) from PRRSV in planta. We generated transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing GP4D and GP5D proteins as candidate antigens. To examine immunogenicity, pigs were fed transgenic Arabidopsis leaves expressing the GP4D and GP5D antigens (three times at 2-week intervals) and then challenged with PRRSV at 6-week post-initial treatment. Immunized pigs showed significantly lower lung lesion scores and reduced viremia and viral loads in the lung than pigs fed Arabidopsis leaves expressing mYFP (control). Immunized pigs also had higher titers of PRRSV-specific antibodies and significantly higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha and IL-12). Furthermore, the numbers of IFN-gamma(+)-producing cells were higher, and those of regulatory T cells were lower, in GP4D and GP5D immunized pigs than in control pigs. Thus, plant-derived GP4D and GP5D proteins provide an alternative platform for producing an effective subunit vaccine against PRRSV.</P>
Mediterraneibacter butyricigenes sp. nov., a butyrate-producing bacterium isolated from human faeces
Kim, Ji-Sun,Lee, Keun Chul,Suh, Min Kuk,Han, Kook-Il,Eom, Mi Kyung,Lee, Ju Huck,Park, Seung-Hwan,Kang, Se Won,Park, Jam-Eon,Oh, Byeong Seob,Yu, Seung Yeob,Choi, Seung-Hyeon,Lee, Dong Ho,Yoon, Hyuk,Kim MICROBIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF KOREA 2019 JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY -SEOUL- Vol.57 No.1
NES Model Development: Expert System for Nitrogen Fertilizer Applications to Cornfields
김원일,정구복,박노동,Kim, Won-Il,Jung, Goo-Bok,Fermanian, T.W.,Huck, M.G.,Park, Ro-Dong 한국토양비료학회 2001 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.34 No.1
N fertilizer recommendations to optimize with consideration to maximum crop yields, maximum profits, and minimum N losses to ground or runoff water, an advisory system. Nitrogen Expert System (NES), was developed. The system was to estimate the optimal rate of N fertilizer application cornfields in Illinois. NES was constructed using Smart Elements, a knowledge-based system that manages the expertise of human experts. NES was reinforced by addition of the effect of a productivity index (PI), soil organic matter content (SOM), and pre-sidedressing of nitrate concentration (PSNT) to the optimal N fertilizer recommendation. NES contains 49 rules, 1 class, 14 objects, and 2 properties. NES was successfully operated, showing N recommendations with inputs of three soil properties including PI, SOM, and PSNT. NES can reduce N loss to the environment, but adherence to the recommendations may also reduce farmers income. Therefore, NES will be more effective by evaluating both environmental damage assessment and other economic agricultural management parameters and other soil physico-chemical parameters. 일리노이 옥수수 포장에서 질소비료의 적정 시용량 결정에는 작물 수량의 극대화와 더불어 질소 손실의 최소화가 고려 되어야 하는데 이를 위하여 질소 전문가체계(NES)가 개발되었다. NES는 전문가의 지식과 사고의 결정과정을 컴퓨터체계로 전환하는 Smart Element program에 의해 만들어졌다. NES는 현재 일리노이 옥수수포장에서 사용중인 생산성지수 (PI)와 토양중 유기물함량 (SOM) 및 시비전 질산태질소 함량 (PSNT)의 요인을 고려하여 시비수준을 결정하였는데 각각의 수준에 따라 49개의 rule 등을 사용하였다. NES는 시스템상에서 성공적으로 작동되었으며 3개의 토양특성 (PI, SOM, PSNT)를 입력하여 적정 시비량을 결정하였다. NES는 다른 시비량 결정 방법에 비해 환경에 대해 질소의 유입을 현저히 줄일 수 있었으며 모델에 대한 검증이 계속될 것이다. 그러나 이에 따른 수량의 감소를 보여, 질소 비료의 적정 시비량은 수량과 더불어 질소유실에 따른 환경 영향평가와 기타 다른 경제적 또는 토양의 물리화학적 요인이 고려되어야 하며 이 요인을 추가한 NES의 검증 및 개선방향이 모색되어야 할 것이다.
Corn (Zea mays L.) Root Distribution in Response to Variation in Soil Water Content
김원일,정구복,김용웅,박노동,Kim, Won-Il,Jung, Goo-Bok,Huck, M.G.,Kim, Yong-Woong,Park, Ro-Dong Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer 2002 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.35 No.1
옥수수 뿌리 성장에 미치는 토양통과 경운의 영향을 구명하기 위하여 3년 동안 일리노이 중부지방의 몇 개 토양통이 다른 옥수수 포장에서 뿌리 분포를 관찰하였다. 무경운과 경운된 포장에서 깊이 75 cm Minirhizotron 기술에 의하여 Video로 촬영을 한 후 뿌리 분포를 관찰하였다. 토양 경작층의 뿌리 분포는 생육 초기 증가하였고, 이후 늦은 여름에는 수분이 고갈되면서 감소하였다. 본 실험에서 뿌리 분포가 토양통에 따라 차이는 보이지 않았으나 토양통에 따른 분포의 차이는 토양의 유효수분 저장용량에 따라 차이를 보였다. 토양의 투수 속도가 빠른 무경운에서의 뿌리분포가 경운에서의 분포보다 많았다. 생육기간 중 심토 층에서의 옥수수 뿌리는 경운포장보다 전 작물의 뿌리통로를 이용하여 생장하는 무경운 포장에서 2-3주 일찍 관찰되었다. 결론적으로 옥수수 뿌리 분포는 토양통보다는 경운에 의한 영향이 클 것으로 생각되었다. Root distribution was monitored in the root zone of corn fields on several soil series in central Illinois during three growing seasons in order to find the effect of soil series and tillage system on root growth. A minirhizotron technique was used to videotape each soil profile in weekly intervals to a depth of 75 cm under conventional tillage (CT) and no tillage (NT) systems of cultivation. Root distribution near soil surface generally increased during the early stages of the growing season, but declined as surface soil moisture was depleted in late summer. Even though root distribution was not significantly different between soil series in this experiment. differences in root distribution between soil series were associated with the increases in root-available water storage capacity. Root population in the top 30 cm of NT plots. where increased water infiltration rates and saturated flow of soil moisture into the subsoil, was generally higher than that of CT plots in Illinois corn fields. Foots appeared in the deeper layers later in the growing season, with root penetration into subsoil layers occurring as much as 2-3 weeks earlier on the NT plots than in CT plots. In conclusion, root distribution was significantly affected by the tillage systems, but not different by soil series.