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- 저자 : ( Tadesse Amare ) (검색결과 3 건)
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( Tadesse Amare ),( Gebeyehu Goshu ),( Berhan Tamir ) 한국축산학회(구 한국동물자원과학회) 2018 한국축산학회지 Vol.60 No.5
Background: Sheep production is a major component of the livestock sector in Ethiopia. The country owing to the large population of 30.70 million estimated numbers of sheep in the country and out of which about 72.14% are females, and 27.86% are males with diverse genetic resources. The real value of indigenous breeds was often under-estimated mostly due to their poor appearance and relatively low productivity. Developing countries in most cases opt for exotic breeds to increase animal productivity through crossbreeding or breed substitution without properly investigating the production potential of the indigenous breeds. The main objective of the research was to identify sheep flock composition and structure, farmers’ traits of interest and breeding objective of Wollo highland sheep, and their F<sub>1</sub> crossbreed progenies. Results: Smallholder farmers’ flock synthesized from breeding ewes, breeding rams, pre-weaned ewe lambs, pre-weaned ram lambs, unproductive ewes, castrated and fattened rams, with the percentage coverage of 29.2, 13.3, 15.5, 16.5, 12.4, and 12.5%, respectively. The maximum number of flock size was 289.0 sheep per flock and higher in the third stratum. The off-take rate percentage of the three strata presented as 21.9% in 1st stratum, 12% in the 2nd stratum, and 16.4% in the 3rd stratum and higher off-take rate recorded in the first stratum. Sheep producer’s traits of interest ranked by growth rate (first), body size (second) and marketing value was third rank. Communal breeding (random mating), village based controlled breeding, mixed type and private ram controlled breeding practice were comprised of 39.7, 61.7, 52 and 71.3%, respectively. The percentages of ewes per flock composition were presented as 36.5, 27.1 and 25.5%, respectively in the 3rd stratum, 2nd stratum and 3rd stratum in the order of their importance’s. Conclusion: Genetic improvement practices at smallholder sheep producers situation was showing promising outcome with indigenous Washera F<sub>1</sub> crossbred lambs and which designated for weaning rate, body size, marketing age, age at first lambing, good temperament and large litter size in the order of their rank. The contemporary breeding practice tendency indicated that, reduced flock size to improve flock productivity via crossbreeding practices.
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Mengesha Getachew Gudero,Abebe Shiferaw Mekonnen,Fedilu Kedir Bamud,Tadesse Yosef Berihun,Mekonnen Asaminew Amare,Esho Abate G./Mikael,Lera Zerhun Tomas,Shertore Misgana Mitku,Cheleko Dizgo Chencha,W/ 한국작물학회 2022 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.25 No.5
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the destructive diseases in wheat-producing areas of the world. Field experiments were conducted during the 2019 main cropping season to determine an economically feasible time of application that consisted of fungicides and spray regimes to reduce FHB pressure and grain yield loss under field conditions at five locations in southern Ethiopia. The study was comprised of two fungicides and spray regimes. Totally seven treatment combinations were designed, including the unsprayed control plots. The field was designed by a randomized complete block design with four replications. Analysis of variance revealed interaction of fungicides and spray regimes significantly (P < 0.001) affected rates of disease progress, disease severity (DS), area under disease progress curve (AUDPC), and yield-related parameters. Lowest (0.0159 units day−1) and highest (0.0694 units day−1) disease progression rates were estimated from the application of Tebuconazole before disease onset and unsprayed control plots, respectively. Application of Tebuconazole before disease onset significantly reduced DS (67.68%), followed by application of Propiconazole + Tebuconazole before disease onset (67.16%) and Tebuconazole after disease onset (65.77%). Moreover, Propiconazole + Tebuconazole and Tebuconazole applications before disease onset considerably reduced AUDPC by 61.38%-days and 58.60%-days, respectively. The highest grain yield (5.02 t ha−1) was recorded from the application of Tebuconazole before disease onset. The grain yield loss of 44.22% was computed on an unsprayed plot compared to the plot protected with the application of Tebuconazole before disease onset. Overall, the application of fungicides' appropriate spray regimes reduces FHB pressure, and consequently, increases grain yields. However, the application of Tebuconazole before disease gave a better monitory advantage over the others. This could be suggested for the producers to manage FHB and enhance wheat production.
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Restoring aboveground carbon and biodiversity: a case study from the Nile basin, Ethiopia
Wolde Mekuria,Simon Langan,Robyn Johnston,Beyene Belay,Dagninet Amare,Tadesse Gashaw,Abeyou Wale,Gizaw Desta,Andrew Noble 한국산림과학회 2015 Forest Science And Technology Vol.11 No.2
In Ethiopia, exclosures in landscapes have become increasingly important to improving ecosystem services and reversing biodiversity losses. The present study was conducted in Gomit watershed, northern Ethiopia, to: (i) investigate the changes in vegetation composition, diversity and aboveground biomass and carbon following the establishment of exclosures; and (ii) analyse the economic returns of aboveground carbon sequestration and assess the perception of local communities on land degradation and exclosures. A space-for-time substitution approach was used to detect the changes in aboveground carbon, species composition, and diversity. Exclosures of 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, and 7-years-old and a communal grazing land were selected. Household surveys, key informant interviews, and a financial analysis were used to assess the perception of local communities and the value of exclosure impacts, respectively. Significant (P D 0.049) differences in species diversity and considerable increases in aboveground carbon (ranged from 0.6 to 4.2 t C ha ¡1), CO2 storage (varied between 2.1 and 15.3 t CO2 ha ¡1), woody species composition, and richness (ranged from five to 28) were observed following the establishment of exclosures. Exclosures generated temporary certified emission reductions (tCER) of 3.4, 2.1, 7.5, 12.6, 12.5, and 15.3 Mg CO2 ha ¡1 after 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 years, respectively. The net present value (NPV) of the aboveground carbon sequestered in exclosures ranged from US$6.6 to US$37.0 per hectare and increased with exclosure duration. At a watershed level, 51.4 Mg C ha ¡1 can be sequestered, which represents 188.6 Mg CO2 ha ¡1, resulting in tCER of 139.4 Mg CO2 ha ¡1 and NPV of US$478.3 per hectare. This result would suggest that exclosures can potentially improve local communities’ livelihoods beyond rehabilitating degraded lands if carbon stored in exclosures is traded. Communities in the watershed demonstrated that exclosures are effective in restoring degraded lands and they are benefiting from increased fodder production and reduced impacts of soil erosion. However, the respondents are also concerned over the sustainability of exclosure land management, as further expansion of exclosures aggravates degradation of remaining communal grazing lands and causes fuel wood shortages. This suggests that the sustainability of exclosure land management can be attained only if these critical concerns are addressed by a joint effort among government agencies, nongovernmental organizations, and communities.
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