디젤엔진 代替燃料源으로서의 쉬나무의 造林學的인 特性에 關한 硏究

洪性珏,李麗夏,崔圭洪 建國大學校附設 農業資源開發硏究所 1983 論文集 Vol.8 No.-

쉬나무의 種實油는 디젤엔진의 代替燃料源으로서 그 가능성이 높은 것으로 알려지고 있는 바, 쉬나무의 栽培에 필요한 造林學的 特性을 알기 위하여, 本 硏究는 쉬나무의 自然分布地, 種實 및 木材生産性, 實生苗 및 接木苗 生産方法, 耐寒性度의 季節的 變異에 대해 調査하여, 다음과 같은 結果를 얻었다. 1. 推定年齡이 70∼150年生인 쉬나무들이 南部에서 中部에 이르기까지 넓게. 그러나 宮터, 古宮의 庭園, 農村의 마을 주변과 같이 제한된 지역에 自然相으로 分布하거나, 人工的으로 植栽되어 있는 것으로 판명되었다. 또한 쉬나무는 山麓部의 土深이 깊은 砂質壤土 및 植質壤土의 土壤에서 根萌芽에 의한 몇몇 群狀稚樹와 함께 孤立木으로 자라며, 母樹 주위에는 後代 實生稚樹의 發生이 드물었다. 쉬나무 實生稚樹 및 그 自然分布가 制限된 것은 自然狀態에서 多量의 種子가 野生鳥類의 먹이로 소비되어 버리고, 그 發芽率이 낮은 것이 주요 원인으로 생각된다. 2. 孤立木에서 樹冠面積(水平面積)에 대한 種字量을 推定했을 때, 年間 ha當 755 kg의 種字가 生産되고, 이로부터 264 kg의 種實油가 生産된다. 樹齡이 확인된 몇몇 나무의 경우, 20 年生 나무의 胸高直徑은 14 cm, 70 年生은 25∼26 cm였다. 樹高生長은 直徑生長과 상관없이 胸高直經 14∼83 cm의 나무의 경우 그 樹高는 6∼13 cm의 변이가 나타났다. 대부분의 大徑木이 主幹에 심한 心材腐朽를 일으켰는데, 그 原因이 凍害로 인한 것인지 또는 그외 다른 原因에 의한 것인지는 밝혀지지 않았다. 서울지방에 자라는 70 年生 나무에 있어서 主幹에는 心材腐朽가 있었으나, 14 年生 가지에는 心材腐朽가 없는 것으로 미루어 보아 지나간 14년간 材部柔組織에는 凍害가 없었음을 알 수 있었다. 木材는 전체적으로 보아 直線木理이나 觸單面에서는 放射柔組織을 중심으로 交叉木理를 갖고 木組織은 치밀하며, 氣乾比重은 2 年生에서 0.66, 70 年生에서 0.77이었다. 3. 種皮의 wax狀物質을 10% 合成洗劑 溶液으로 제거시킨 결과 發芽率이 10∼15%에서 80∼95%로 증가되었다. 70 年生 나무에서 얻은 接穗을 2 年生 台木에 切接으로 接木시킨 결과는 성공적이었다. 台木이 굵을수록 接穗의 生長이 좋았다. 4. 種字産地別로 幼苗의 耐寒性度에는 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 이와 같이 耐寒性度의 차이가 적은 것은 이 樹種이 蟲媒花이지만 암꽃과 수꽃의 꽃피는 시기가 다르므로 他家受精이 가능하여 집단간에 遺傳子交換이 될 수 있기 때문인 것으로 解析되었다. 1 年生 苗木은 2 年生 苗木보다 耐寒性度가 더 낮은데 이는 1 年生 苗木의 생장기간이 보다 길기 때문에 材部柔組織의 소수의 細胞가 耐寒性 發達이 늦기 때문에 나타난 것으로 생각되었다. 1 年生 苗木의 凍害防止를 위해서는 겨울동안 땅속에 假植을 하는 것이 가장 좋은 방법이다. To know the silvicultural characteristics of Evodia daniellii, of which the seed oil was known to have the high feasibility of fuel substitution for diesel engine, this study investigated the natural distribution of the tree, the productivity of the seed and wood in the natural condition, the production of the seedlings from the seeds and the grafts, and the seasonal variation in cold hardiness of the seedlings from different provenance. The following results were discussed; 1. It appeared that Evodia daniellii, estimated as old as 70-200 years, are naturally distributed and/or artificially planted widely from the southern part up to the middle part of Korea, but in a limited spot such as the site of an ancient castle, the garden of palace and near rural village, and that the trees are growing as an isolated tree with a few progeny near the mother tree, at the site of good soil depth with sandy loam in the lower part of hillside. The limited natural distribution of this species was attributed to large consumption of the seed by feeding the wild birds and low percent germination in the natural condition. 2. The seed produced annually, as estimated by the amount of seed in an isolated tree per the area projected by the crown, averaged 755kg/ha, resulting in 264kg/ha of the seed oil. In some trees of which the age was able to be identified, the diameter growth at the age of 20 years was 14 cm, and 25 to 26 cm at the age of 70 years. The heigh growth was not consistent with the diameter growth or the age and varied from 6 to 13 meter in the trees of diameter 14 to 83 cm. The main stem of most of large diameter trees showed various heart rot damage of which causes were not clear whether it was brought about by freezing or other incidents. In one 70 years-old tree growing in the northern limit of Korea with serious heart rot in the main stem, the 14 year old branch showed no sign of the heart rot, indicating that there has been no freezing injury on the main branch for 14years. The wood had straight grain over all, otherwise interlocked grain around the ray structure on the tangential section, dense texture, specific gravity (air dried) of 0.66 in two year old stem and of 0.77 in 70 year old stem. 3. Removal of wax like material from the surface of the seed coat with 10% solution of synthetic soap promoted the percent germination from 10-15% to 80-95%. The veneer grafting of the scion from the 70 year old tree to 1 to 2 year old stock was successful. The thicker the stock was used, the better the growth of scion was obtained. 4. There was little difference in cold hardiness among seedlings from different provenance. The little difference could be attributed to the out-breeding mechanism, even though this species is pollinated by insects, in that earlier flowering of the male flower than the female one may allow the gene exchange among the population. One year old seedling was less cold hardy than the two year old one. This might be attributed to the slow development in cold hardiness of the small group of cells in the xylem, which was probably resulted from longer growth period of one year old seedling than the older trees. The cold damage of one year old seedlings could be prevented by transplanting them in the soil temporarily during winter

남산의 소나무림, 신갈나무림, 아까시나무림의 낙엽생산과 토양유기탄소 동태

정헌모 ( Heon Mo Jeong ),김해란 ( Hae Ran Kim ),신동훈 ( Dong Hoon Shin ),이경미 ( Kyoung Mi Lee ),이승혁 ( Seung Hyuk Lee ),한영섭 ( Young Sub Han ),장래하 ( Rae Ha Jang ),이상경 ( Sang Kyeong Lee ),김태규 ( Tae Kyu Kim ),유영한 한국환경생물학회 2013 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.31 No.2

남산의 소나무림, 신갈나무림 그리고 아까시나무림에서 2008년 1월부터 2009년 12월까지의 월별 낙엽생산량과 토양의 유기탄소량을 조사하였다. 소나무림은 2008년과 2009년 모두 10월에 낙엽생산량이 가장 많았으며, 2008년 1월과 2009년 12월에 낙엽생산량이 가장 적었다. 신갈나무림은 2008년과 2009년 모두 11월에 낙엽생산량이 가장 많았으며, 2월에 낙엽생산량이 가장 적었다. 아까시나무림은 2008년 11월과 2009년 10월에 낙엽생산량이 가장 많았으며, 2008년 1월과 2009년 12월에 낙엽생산량이 가장 적었다. 이것은 한반도 중부에서 상록성의 소나무림이 낙엽성의 참나무숲 보다 더 일찍 낙엽이 진다는 것을 의미한다. 소나무림과 신갈나무림, 아까시나무림의 2년 평균의 낙엽생산량은 7.07, 6.36, 5.02 ton ha-1로 소나무가 가장 많았다. 소나무림과 신갈나무림, 아까시나무림의 2년 평균의 토양유기탄소량은 76.2, 68.6, 72.5 ton C ha-1로 소나무림에서 가장 많았다. 이처럼 소나무숲에서 높게 나타난 것은 남산에서 신갈나무나 아까시나무를 벌목하여 임목밀도가 줄었기 때문이다. The objective of this study was to estimate dynamics of litter production and soil organic carbon of Pinus densiflora forest, Quercus mongolica forest, and Rhobina pseudo-acasia forest at Mt. Nam as a part of Korea National Long-Term Ecological Research (KNLTER) from 2008 to 2009. Litter production of P. densiflora forest was the highest in October 2008, 2009 and the lowest in January 2008 and December 2009. Litter production of Q. mongolica forest was the highest in November and the lowest in February in 2008 and 2009. Litter production of R. pseudo-acacia forest was the highest in November in 2008 and October in 2009 and the lowest in January in 2008 and December in 2009. It means that leaves of P. densiflora forest shed earlier than deciduous oak forests in Korean central region. An average of litter production for 2 years was 7.07, 6.36, 4.66 ton ha-1 in P. densiflora forest, Q. mongolica forest, R. psuedo-acacia forest, respectively. An average of soil organic carbon matter for 2 years was 88.3, 76.5, 84.2 ton ha-1 in P. densiflora forest, Q. mongolica forest, R. psuedo-acacia forest, respectively.

정신분열환자의 발병연령과 항정신병약물 투여전후의 혈장 Homovanillic Acid, 3-Methoxy-4-Hydroxyphenylglycol농도의 연관성

하형래,이인상,한규희 大韓神經精神醫學會 2003 신경정신의학 Vol.42 No.5

Objectives : The authors investigated the possibility of homovanillic acid (HVA) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) concentrations in plasma to be biological markers before and after the pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia. Methods : Twenty-six patients with schizophrenia were enrolled after two week washout of neuroleptics. Baseline sampling was done after washout. Consequent samplings were done at two and four week time-points after neuroleptic treatment. The concentrations of HVA and MHPG were analysed with clinical variables, such as age, age of onset, duration of illness, period of hospitalization, and changes of clinical state. The HVA and MHPG were assayed using high pressure liquid Chromatography-electrochemical detection method. Results : A significant association was observed between the age of onset and plasma HVA concentration in washout state of antipsychotics. The earlier onset group had lower plasma HVA concentration than the late onset group. A significant association was observed between the age of onset and plasma MHPG concentration in washout state of antipsychotics. The earlier onset group had lower plasma MHPG concentration than the late onset group. Conclusions : The present findings suggest that the activities of dopamine and norepinephrine are different with respect to age of onset in the neuroleptic-naive schizophrenia. Plasma HVA and MHPG concentration can be biological markers for the subgrouping of schizophrenia.

거골의 박리성 골연골염

하권익,한성호,양보규,김치홍,김태성 대한스포츠의학회 1995 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.13 No.1

거골의 박리성 골연골염은 연골과 연골하골이 균열되고 관절 면으로부터 부분적 혹은 전체적으로 분리되는 병변으로 흔치 않은 병변이다. 거골의 박리성 골연골염은 잘 알려져 있음에도 불구하고, 수술적 치료의 결과에 대한 지식은 적은 편이다. 저자들은 1998년 1월부터 1992년 12월까지 만 5년간 16명, 16례의 거골 박리성 골연 골염 환자를 평균 29개월 추시관찰 및 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 연령 분포는 최소 15세에서 최장 58세 였으며 평균 30세 였다. 2) 16명의 환자중 남자가 14례 여자가 2례였고 우측 거골이 10례, 좌측 거골이 6례 였다. 3) 외상과 관계있는 환자는 16례중 15례였으며 거골의 내측에 병변이 있는 경우가 10례, 외측이 6례 였으며 양측인 경우는 없었다. 4) 증상 발현후 수술까지의 기간은 최단 3개월에서 최장 7년이 였으며 평균 25.9개월 이었다. 16명 전례에서 동통을 호소하였으며 6명에서 강직 및 불안정성을 각각 호소하였다. 5) Berndt와 Harty에 의한 병변 분류는 stage Ⅰ은 없었으며 stage Ⅱ는 4례, stage Ⅲ가 7례, stage Ⅳ는 5례로 stage Ⅲ이 가장 많았다. 6) 치료는 관절 개방술에 의한 절제술(1례), 절제술과 소파술 및 다발성 천공술(8례), 절제술 및 소파술 (3례), 소파술 및 bone peg(1례), 관절경적 소파술 및 다발성 천공술 (3례) 시행하였으며 치료결과는 O'Farrell 등이 사용한 평가 방법에 의하면 우수 13례 (81%), 양호 2례(12.5%), 불량 1례 (6.5%)였다. Osteochondritis dissecans of the talus is defined as a subchondral bony lesion of small fragment of bone, usually under two centimetres in diameter, with overlying intact articular cartilage. This fragment then becomes separated from its bed and undergoes necrosis. Although the lesion of osteochondritis dissecans of the talus is well known, there is little information in the literature concerning the results of surgical treatment. Sixteen cases of osteochondritis dissecans of the talus, operated on between January 1988 and December 1992, were studied. All were available for follow-up an average 29 months later and clinical analysis were as follows; 1. Age incidence was distributed from 15 years to 58 years (average 28) 2. 16 patients (14 male, 2 female) were examined and followed-up ; in ten the right ankle was involved and six the left ankle. 3. Of the 16 patients, 14 patients were associated with a history of trauma and 10 patients had medial lesions and 6 patients, lateral lesions. 4. The duration of symptom on these cases ranged from 3 months to 7 years, with an average of 25.9 months. All patients complain of pain when using the ankle and 6 patients complain of stiffness of the ankle and sensation of Berndt and Harty, four ankles had a stage Ⅱ lesion, nine had a stage Ⅲ lesion and five had a stage Ⅳ lesion. 6. The methods of treatment were excision (1 case), excision, curettage and drilling (8 cases), excision and curettage (3 cases), curettage with bone pegging (1 case) and arthroscopic curettage and drilling (3 cases). According to O'Farrell grading system which combined subjective with the objective assessment, 13 patients (81%) had good results, 2 patients (12.5%) had fair results, and 1 patient (6.5%) had a poor result.

비글개에서 신원방우황청심원의 급성 및 아급성독성시험

성하정,권오경,방명주,곽형일,이진영,신대희,박대규,정규혁,윤효인,조명행 성균관대학교 약학연구소 1998 成均藥硏論文集 Vol.10 No.1

Single and 4 weeks oral administration of New wonbangwoohwangchungsimwon (NSCH) which was used l-muscone as substitutive material of musk, to beagle dogs of both sexes were performed to investigate both acute and subacute toxicity. Beagle dogs (3 males and 3 females) in acute experiments were administered orally with sinlge dose of 2,000 ㎎/㎏ and groups of 9 male and 9 female beagle dogs in subacute experiments were given daily different dosage of NSCH, 160 ㎎/㎏/day (low dosage group), 400 ㎎/㎏/day (middle dosage group), 1,000 ㎎/㎏/day (high dosage group) once a day for 4 weeks by oral route according to the Established Regulation of Korea Food and Drug Administration (1996. 4. 16). LD_50 value for beagle dogs was more than 2,000 ㎎/㎏ per oral for both male and females. In animals administered with NSCH, there were neither dead animals nor significant changes of body weights. In addition, no differences were found between control and treated groups in clinical sign, urinalysis, eye examination, hematology, serum chemistry, organ weight and other fingings. No histological lesions were observed in both control and treatment groups. Above data strongly suggset that NSCH in beagle dogs is considered to be safe.

算數科 現場敎育 實態調査를 通한 基本的 裝學의 方向提示에 關한 硏究

河永純,孫鎔圭,李祥奎 晋州敎育大學 科學敎育硏究所 1983 科學敎育硏究 Vol.9 No.-

This study aims at, first, getting hold of the present states in the overall activities of arithmetic education in the elementary schools and the teaching activeries of numbers, operations, figures, measurements and the related domains in the 1st and 2nd grades, secondly, presenting the direction of the basic promotion of learming after searching out the problems related to the activities.

ATM네트윅과의 접속을 위한 MAN을 이용한 사용자 - 망 인터페이스 설계

최황규,최경,서주하,김화종,이상희 江原大學校 産業技術硏究所 1991 産業技術硏究 Vol.11 No.-

In this paper the functional requirements of a B-ISDN access network based on MAN are investigated . Firstly, criteria of designing access network for the B-ISDN is studied. Secondly, the types of subscribers and their service requirements are defined. Thirdly, various artchitectures of CPNs(Customer Premises Networks) are considered and their characteristics are studied, Finally, the interworking funtions of a DQDB MAN as an access network are investigated.

음향 Intensity 측정에서 Phase Errors

李俊河,張浩京,金禮顯,金成奎 嶺南大學校附設 基礎科學硏究所 1988 基礎科學硏究 Vol.8 No.-

The finite-approximation errors of measuring acoustic intensity using two closely spaced microphones are examined in this paper. The phase errors are considered by measuring the residual intensity between the two microphone systems exposing them to the same sound over awide range of frequencies. The loudspeaker in the pressure chamber is fed with white or pink noise, and the pressure spectra from the two microphones is identical. The measuring errors are estimated by checking the difference between the measured sound pressure and sound intensity. For the microphone separation of 12mm, the finite-approximation errors are shown to be less than ±1dB from 125 Hz to 5KHz.

피부과적 시술 시 플라스틱 실린더를 이용한 지혈

김성준,이운하,이용석,전덕규 대한피부과학회 2003 大韓皮膚科學會誌 Vol.41 No.4

Dermatologists frequently perform a number of procedures without the aid of an assistant and have sometimes difficulty to obtain hemostasis during the biopsy or other minor surgery. A flat plastic cylinder made of a disposable syringe effectively stops bleeding and procedures are easily carried out with a clean surgical field. It is believed to be inexpensive, durable and easy to be sterilized. (Korean J Dermatol 2003;41(4) : 499~501)

내후성 폴리머 콘크리트의 제조 및 특성연구

연규석,김기성,이기원,황진하 강원대학교 석재복합신소재제품연구센터 2001 석재연 논문집 Vol.6 No.-

본 연구에서는 불포화 폴리에스터 수지비율을 변수로 하는 자외선 흡수제 첨가유ㆍ무 시편에 대한 Xenon lamp, 52±3℃, 실내습도 50±5%, 시험체 걸이 직경 20inches의 조건의 내후성 시험기로 각각 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600 시간 인공촉진열화 시킨 시편의 색차변화를 측정하여 불포화 폴리에서터 수지량 및 자외선 흡수제의 첨가에 의한 열화특성을 고찰하였다. 그 결과 100% 불포화 폴리에스터 수지량 및 자외선 흡수제의 첨가에 의한 열화특성을 고찰하였다. 그 결과 100% 불포화 폴리에스터 수지 시편과 상대적으로 수지비율이 큰 폴리머 페이스트에서는 자외선 조사시간에 따른 큰 색차변화 및 자외선 첨가에 의한 열화방지 효과를 확인 할 수 있었고 불포화 폴리에스터 수지비율이 상대적으로 작은 폴리머 모르타르에서는 자외선 조사에 의한 색차변화 및 자외선 흡수제 첨가에 의한 열화방지가 그리 크지 않음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 것은 야외에 설치되는 폴리머 모르타르(콘크리트) 제품은 자외선에 의한 열화가 그리 크지 않음을 보여주는 결과이기도 하다. This study was to investigate the characteristics of deterioration of polymer concrete due to wethering Two sets of specimens with a various mixing ratio of unsaturated polyester resin, UV absorber added and not-added, were artificially exposed by the weathering test machine to ultraviolet (UV) radiation 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1600 hours under the conditions that the temperature was set by Xenon lamp at 52±3℃, the chamber humidity at 50±5%, and specimen rack diameter 20 inches to measure the color change to examine the characteristics of deterioration. Color difference increased as the exposure time to UV radiation increased, but decreased 20-30%, comparing to the case of non-absorber added, as the ultraviolet absorber was added. On the other hand, the effect of addition of ultraviolet absorber decreased as addition of aggregate increase. Thus, the effect of addition of ultraviolet absorber was a little on the polymer concrete containing aggregate, Especially, increment of color difference in polymer mortar specimen was lower than that of polymer resin and polymer paste specimen, when the resin volume for specimen mixture proportion was below 30%, as fine aggregate increased. As a result, outdoor-installed polymer concrete product is believed to be hardly affected by ultraviolet radiation.