The prediction of the tooth size in the mixed dentition for Korean

Moon, Sung-Hwan,Kim, Seong-Oh,Yu, Hyung-Seong,Choi, Byung-Jai,Choi, Hyung-Jun,Lee, Jae-Ho 大韓小兒齒科學會 2006 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.33 No.2

이번 연구의 목적은 혼합치열기 아동에서 미맹출된 견치와 소구치의 크기를 예측하는데 있어서 한국인에 맞는 방정식을 만들기 위함이다. 미맹출 치아의 크기를 예측하는 것은 혼합치열기 교정 진단과 치료계획 수립에 있어서 매우 중요하다. 미맹출된 견치와 소구치 크기를 예측하는 방법은 몇가지가 있지만 그중에서도 가장 흔하게 쓰이는 것이 모이어의 예측표와 다나카와 존스턴의 방정식이 있다. 하지만 그것들은 백인을 위해서 제작된 것이고 치아 크기는 인종에 따라서 다르다고 알려져 있다. 이번 연구에서는 치아크기를 측정하여 하악 영구 절치의 크기 합과 견치 및 소구치의 크기 합 사이의 상관관계를 구하고 회귀방정식을 이용해서 한국인에 맞는 예측표를 만들었다. 연세대학교 치과대학에 재학중인 178명의 한국 학생(남 108명, 여 70명, 평균연령 21.63)을 대상으로 실험하였다. 영구치의 근원심 폭경을 석고모형상에서 calipers를 이용해서 측정하였다. 성별간의 치아 크기는 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). Correlation coefficient는 0.57에서 0.64의 범위였고, standard errors of the estimates 는 여성에서 0.6으로써 남성보다 우수하였다. r^(2)값은 0.27에서 0.41의 범위를 나타내었다. Estimating the size of unerupted teeth is an essential aspect of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning in the mixed dentition. Several methods were introduced and used for the prediction. The most common methods among these would be Moyers probability chart and Tanaka and Johnston equations. These are currently used widely, but they were developed for Caucasians. Because there are clear racial differences in teeth size, the objectives of this study were to produce correlation coefficients between the combined mesiodistal widths of the permanent mandibular incisors and those of the canines and premolars for each quadrant, and prediction tables with regression equations, specifically for Korean. 178 young adults (70 women, 108 men, mean age 21.63 years) were selected from the College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea. The mesiodistal crown diameters of the permanent teeth were measured with calipers. Significant sexual dimorphism was found in tooth sizes. The correlation coefficients between the total mesiodistal width of the mandibular permanent incisors and those of the maxillary and mandibular canines and premolars were found to be between 0.52 and 0.64. The standard error of the estimatation was better (0.60) for women and the r^(2) values ranged from 0.27 to 0.41 for both sexes, Prediction tables were prepared for Korean. This study showed larger canine and premolar diameters than Tanaka and Johnston's and Moyers' studies which might be due to the racial differences. Further investigations with a larger sample size will be needed for more representative data on the Korean population.

구강악안면 영역의 치성 감염 환자에 대한 세균학적 연구

김일규,윤승환,오성섭,최진호,오남식,김의성,이성호,배수환,강문수 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2000 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.22 No.4

Oral & maxillofacial infections are most commonly odontogenic in origin. Although such infections are usually self-limiting, they may occasionally spread deeply into fascial spaces or planes far from the initial site of involvement. If early diagnosis and appropriate therapy is delayed, complications such as mediastinal extension, retropharyngeal spread and airway obstruction could happen to the patients. For the study of the microbiology, we have retrospectively analysed the oral & maxillofacial infected patients in the Dept. of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, In-Ha University Hospital from 1997 September to 2000 April. The results were as follows 1.The male patients were more common than female, with male 61.9% and female 38.1%. 2.Dental originated infections were most common cause with the incidence of 62%. 3.Most common fascial space involved was buccal space 42cases(37.2%) followed by submandibular space 13cases(11.5%), infraorbital space 13cases(11.5%), masseteric space 11cases(9.7%) , periapical abscess 11cases(9.7%) . 4.The causative organisms isolated from the pus culture were Gram Positive Bacterial species, which were 46cases(31.9%) of Streptococcus viridans, 16cases(8.6%) of α and β-hemolytic streptococcus, 4cases(3.1%) of Strep.-group D non enterococci, 7cases(5.1%) of Staphylococcus Coa. Neg., 5cases(3.9%) of Staphylococcus aureus, 3cases(2.3%) of Enterococcus faecalis, 1case(0.8%) of Bacillus species, 1case(0.8%) of Peptostreptococcus, 1case(0.8%) of Clostridium and Gram negative bacterial species, which were 4cases(3.1%) of Acinetobacter baumannii, 2cases(1.6%) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 2cases(1.6%) of Burkholderia cepacia, 1case(0.8%) of Neisseria species, 1case(0.8%) of Klebsiella pneumoniae, 1case(0.8%) of Klebsiella oxytoca, 1case(0.8%) of Escherichia coli. 5.In drug sensitivity test, high resistant tendency was found in Penicillin system(Penicillin G 83.3%, Ampicillin 60%) and Aminoglycosides (Gentamycin 50%, Tobramycin 45.5%), but tertiary Cephalosporin system(Cefoperazone 9.1%, Ceftazidime 18.2%), and glycopeptides system (Teicoplanin 0% , Vancomycin 0%) showed lower resistancy.

서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria Gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1996)

김재홍,황동규,전재홍,김윤석,김중환,김용준,이창균,임동진,김현수,조창근,김경문,박상훈,전우형,김희성,이호정,차명수,김갑형,김형석,김석우,황지환,박병순,권오상,이민수,송기훈,성소영,이인섭,부태성 대한화학요법학회 1999 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.17 No.2

Background : In recent years, gonorrhea has been panedemic and remains one of the most commom STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. Objective & Methods: For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of PPNG, we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the VD Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by means of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. Results: In 1996, 139 strains of N. gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 53(39.0%) were PPNG. Conclusion: Our results suggests that after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, the prevalence of PPNG in Seoul is gradually declining.

軟弱地盤上에 築造된 農業用貯水池 堤體의 壓密擧動

오범환,이달원,임성훈 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2002 농업과학연구 Vol.29 No.2

본 연구는 연약지반상에 축조되는 농업용 저수지의 압밀거동을 현장계측결과를 기초로 기존의 예측방법등과 비교분석하고, 시공중 또는 완공후에 측방유동등으로 인하여 국부적인 전단파괴 가능성을 현장계측치로부터 정량적으로 파악하여 비교분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 최종 예상침하량으로 추정한 압밀도는 Terzaghi 방법에서는 작게 추정되었고, 편차가 크게 나타나서 오차범위가 작은 Asaoka와 Hyperbolic방법을 기준으로 압밀도를 적용하는 것이 합리적이라고 판단된다. 2. 성토에 의한 점증재하시 과잉간극수압의 소산은 성토시공중의 소산과 최대간극수압 이후의 소산이 합성되어 발생하는 복합적인 거동을 나타냈다. 또한 압밀초기에는 침하량으로 압밀도를 예측하는 것보다 계측자료가 충분한 과잉간극수압을 이용하여 압밀도를 예측하는 것이 신뢰성이 클 것으로 판단된다. 3. 성토완료후 초기에는 시공중 소산된 과잉간극수압(U_(d))을 이용한 압밀도가 최대과잉간극수압을 이용한 압밀도(U_(p))보다 12∼27% 정도 더 크게 나타났고, 침하량으로 추정된 압밀도에 근접하므로 소산된 과잉간극수압에 의하여 압밀도를 추정하는 것이 합리적이라고 판단된다. 4. U_(d)와 U_(p)의 관계식은 주계측 단면에서는 U_(d)=(1.3∼3.6)U_(p), 부계측 단면에서는 U_(d)=(1.2∼1.9)U_(P)로 소산된 과잉간극수압으로 추정된 압밀도가 더 크게 나타났다. 또한 저수지 제체의 안정성을 한계평형법에 의해 분석한 결과 모든 조건에서 기준 안전율보다 커서 안정한 상태로 나타났다. This study was performed to evaluation the consolidation behavior of agricultural reservoir in the very soft ground. The final settlement prediction methods by Terzaghi, Hyperbolic and Asaoka methods were used to compare with the degree of consolidation estimated by exess pore water pressure. The dissipated excess pore water pressure during embankment construction and peak excess pore water pressure on the completed embankment were suggested for the estimation of the degree of consolidation. It was concluded that the degree of consolidation estimated from dissipated excess pore water pressure was more reliable than that from the peak excess pore water pressure. The stability methods for agricultural reservoir was used to compare and analyze with various condition by limit equilibrium method.

공주 공산성 원형연못의 지반에 대한 탄성파 굴절법 탐사

오진용,변성환,서만철 공주대학교 문화재보존과학연구소 2004 문화재과학기술 Vol.3 No.1

탄성파 탐사는 인공지진파를 이용하여 지표면 하부의 물성을 알아내는 지구물리탐사로서 20세기 초부터 석유탐사와 공학적 지반조사에 가장 널리 사용되었다. 굴절법 탄성파 탐사는 지층의 탄성파 속도를 알아내는 방법으로서 최근에는 석조문화재 등의 지반특성 조사에서 사용된 예가 있다. 이번 연구에서는 공주 공산성의 쌍수정 광장에 위치하는 공산성 원형연못 주변의 지반에 대하여 굴절법 탐사를 실시하였다. 쌍수정 광장은 기본의 발굴조사를 통하여 백제 추정왕궁지가 위치한 곳으로 알려졌으며, 광장 남쪽에 원형연못(상면직경 7.3m, 바닥직경 4.78m, 높이 3m)도 발굴되었다. 원형연못 주변에 5개 탄성파 측선을 설치하였고, 해머 타격점과 수신기 배열을 3가지 다른 방식을 적용하여 24m, 31m, 48m 측선길이의 굴절법 자료를 얻었다. 대체로 공산성 원형연못 주변의 지반은 3개 층으로 구성되어 있다. 각 층의 겉보기 속도는 약 261~391 m/s, 약 591~992m/s, 약 1950~3230 m/s이며, 첫 번째와 두 번째 측의 두께는 각각 약 2~2.4m 와 4.6~8.6m이다. 일반적으로 최하부 층의 속도는 기반암, 상부층들이 속도는 풍화토에 대응한다. 그러나 두 번째 층이 주시곡선 형태와 속도 범위는 국내 석탑 문화재 하부의 것과 유사한 것으로 보아 공산성 연못 주변은 인공적인 기초지반의 가능성을 제기하며, 그렇다면 공산성 원형연못은 파내려 간 것보다는 쌓아 올렸을 것이다. Seismic survey using artificial earthquake waves is one of the most popular geophysical method for petroleum exploration and engineering prospecting from the early 20th century. Recently seismic refraction method which can reveal the sub-surface velocity structure is introduced for the site characterization of the domestic stone pagodas. The purpose of this study is to understand seismic velocity structures of the underground near the Kongsansung Cirular Pond at the southern part of the Ssangsujung Park in Gongju. As the result of early excavations, the Ssangsujung Park has been known as the assumed site of the Palace of the Paekje Dynasty and Circular Pond (top diameter 7.3 m, bottom diameter 4.78m, and height 3m) was also discovered. Along 3 seismic lines near the Circular Pond, three kinds of source-receiver array are applied to obtain the refraction data with the corresponding maximum offset of 24m, 31m, and 48m. Shallow subsurface near the Circular Pond largely consists of three layers with the velocities of about 261~392 m/s, about 591~992 m/s, about 1950~3230 m/s, respectively. Upper two layers have the thickness of about 2~2.4 m and about 2.6~8.6 m each. In general, the bottom layer can be interpreted to the basement, and the upper layers with the lower velocities can be correlated to the weathered soil. Compared with the pattern of the traveltime-distance graph and the range of the velocities of the site near domestic stone pagodas, however, the middle layer can be interpreted as the artificial foundation. Consequently, the Kongsansung Circular Pond is possibly built upwardly rather than digging.

부모의 양육태도가 청년의 정신병리에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구 : 장정신체검사용 정신과 집단선별검사 개발을 위한 연구(5) A Series of Studies to Establish Psychiatric Screening Test for Conscripts(5)

오동재,전성일,장환일 大韓神經精神醫學會 1993 신경정신의학 Vol.32 No.6

Relationships between parental bonding patterns and psychopathology were examined. 347 healthy young men, who had both parents, completed both the Parental Bonding Instrument(PBI) and the Symptom Check List-90-Revised(SCL-90-R). Relations between two sets of variables were examined by means of the Pearson's correlation coefficient. It was suggested that the relationship with their mothers had more influence on the psychopathology of young men than the relationship with their fathers. And, then, the subjects were classified into 4 groups by maternal bonding patterns in terms of the overprotection and the care. The scales of somatization, obsessive compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoia, psychosis were significantly higher in group 4, whose mothers had been overprotective and less careful, than in group 2, whose mothers had been careful and not overprotective. The scales of depression, anxiety, paranoia, and psychosis were significantly higher in group 3, whose mothers had been less careful and not overprotective, than in group 2. The scale of paranoia was significantly higher in group 1, whose mothers had been careful and overprotective, than in group 2. The results supported that among 4 maternal bonding types, the high care-low overprotection type had most favorable influence on the psychopathology of the young men, and the low care-high overprotection one had worst influence on the psychopathology of young men.

Bakers' Yeast와 포도당을 이용한 m-Bromoaniline의 합성

오성환,김경순,박종옥 慶星大學校 1995 論文集 Vol.16 No.2

Rapid and selective reduction of nitro compounds is of importance for the synthesis of amino compounds, particularly when a molecule has other reducible groups. In recent years, Bakers' Yeast has been used for enantioselective reductions of β-keto esters of α,β -unsaturated carbonyl compounds. However, little attention has been paid to the reduction of aromatic nitro compounds by Bakers' Yeast. In this paper, we wish to report a mild and selective reduction of m-bromonitrobenzene with Bakers' Yeast and glucose.

압력용기의 설계기준 및 손상 평가

오환섭,정효진,박상필,손두익 한국공작기계학회 2005 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2005 No.-

The damage of the pressure courage by degradation can become the reason of unexpected break down or failure accident and it is very important because safety accident, the production loss, environmental pollution, social problems are occur. Consequently The result to investigat of failure accident for domestic pressure vessel, the factor of degradation is SCC, Sorrosion, Cavity, Crack

MOCVD법에 의한 광 통신용 1.55㎛ PBH-DFB 레이저 다이오드 제작

오환술,김중연,전현성,강명구 건국대학교 산업기술연구원 1997 건국기술연구논문지 Vol.22 No.-

DC-PBHDFB LD operating at 1.55㎛ were fabricated by 3-step MOCVD process. The first-order grating with 2370Å period and 700Å etching depth was formed by holographic lithography and wet etching. Fabricated DCPBH-DFB LD operates in single longitudinal mode with side-mode suppression of more than 35dB and the lasing wavelength of 1.547㎛ at room temperature and 5mW, and the lasing threshold current and the slope efficiency were 15.6mA and 0.15mW/mA, respectively. The characteristic temperature of threshold current(To) and the temperature dependence of the lasing wavelength were obtained 57.3K and 1.0Å/℃ from the DFB laser between 20℃ and 70℃, respectively.

브러쉬리스 직류전동기의 정상상태 해석

오성보,김일환 제주대학교 1991 논문집 Vol.32 No.-

120。 도통 전압원 인버터로 역기전력이 제형파인 브러쉬리스 직류전동기를 정상상태로 운전할 때 수학적 해석과 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션 및 실험에 의한 결과를 고찰하였고 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. (1) 절환각의 변화에 따라 주파수 대 전류각 특성과 전류각 Θ??를 결정하여 준다. (2) 주파수 증가에 따라 전류와 역기전력의 위상이 변하여 토오크 특성에 영향을 주고, 주파수에 따른 절환각을 제어하여야 출력 토오크특성을 향샹시킬 수 있다. (3) 제안한 해석방법을 이용하면 120。 도통 전압원 인버터 시스템을 설계할 때 유용하다. In this paper, the steady-state performance of brushless dc motor which has the trapezoidal counter emf driven by a 120。 conduction voltage inverter is investgated. The commutation angle is operated by the system parameter in commutation period. As the frequency increasing, counter emfis growing and it varys the phase and amplitude of current, and torque characteristics. The commuatation angle vs operating frequensy is calculated, and torque characteristics controlled by the advanced commutation angle are verified by the computer simulation and experiment.