월사 이정구의 정치적 시련과 시적 표현

이경수 (Lee Kyung Soo) 한국인물사연구소 2011 한국인물사연구 Vol.16 No.-

Wol-Sa Jeong-Ku Lee was a prominent man of writing diplomatic documents and papers during the King Sun-Jo period in Lee's Kingdom dynasty, and he consolidated his critical political subordinate chair while performing proctoral and prime educational ministries. But upon roaring of the new king Kwang-Hae Gun, as his political oppositions north party took leadership, he started to suffer a number of political persecutions and hardships such as Kye-Chook prison death and revolt rumors. Based on these political ordeal background, this paper covers Jeong Ku Lee's poetical themes rooted in his political adversities on three topics. Frist, he expressed condolences and sympathy for the political fellows who had been harassed and persecuted for the similar reasons, and his consistent political idealism and confidence were represented through his compositions. In particular, he mourned his senior political leader Hang-Bok Lee, who had been exiled and died of long endured disease while maintained his consistent political creeds. Second, his poems expressed his regrets and guilty feeling rather than ntagonism against his opponents eventhough he had been persecuted through their ounteractions; he attributed his exiled situations to his innermost reasons rather than other evil wills. Third, his poems delineated his loyalty, faithfulness, and patriotism toward his country and kingdom, and concerns about nation's future. Despite his hardship and persecution, his expressed his political idealism through deep metaphors, and ultimately inspired regrets and harmonies for the entire political rivals.

생약제제인 이공산(異功散)의 Cisplatin 유도 신장독성 보호 및 항산화 효과

Lee, Kyung-Tae,Ahn, Kyoo-Seok,Chang, Sung-Goo,Oh, Soo-Myung,Jung, Jee-Chang 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 1999 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EAST-WEST MEDICINE Vol.1999 No.1

Kyung-Tae Lee, Kyoo-Seok Ahn¹, Sung-Goo Chang², Soo-Myung Oh²and Jee-Chang Jung²¹College of Pharmacy, ²Oriental Medicine and ³College of Medicine, and East-West Medical Reserch Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea. Preventive and Antioxidative Effects of Crude Drug Preparation(E-kong-san) on Cisplatin Induced Nephrotoxicity. Proceedings of International Symposium on East-West Medicine, Seoul. 201-211, 1999. -Nephroprotective effects of a crude drug-prearation (E-kong-san) were determined from cisplatin on rabbit kidney proximal tubule and human renal cortical cells by MTT assays and sustained glucose consumption on ciplatin-induced human renal cortical tissue. Levels of creatinine and blood ure nitrogen(BUN) in serum after administration of cisplatin(0.75mg/kg,i.p.) to E-kong-san(0.75g/kg/day,p.o.)-pretreated rats were markedly lower compared to those of cisplatin-treated rats. Moreover, the administration of E-kong-san significantly inhibited the loss of body weight of cisplatin injected rts. These findings suggest that E-kong-san on the cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity led us to investigate whether the effect of this water extract was a result of anti-oxidation. E-kong-san showed strong free radical scavenger activities on 1,1-dipheny1-2picrylhydrazil(DPPH) radical and xanthine/xanthine oxidase(XOD) generated superoxide anion radical(O2-). We further studied the effects of E-kong-san on lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes induced by enzymatic and nonenzymatic methods. E-kong-san exhibited significant inhibition on both ascorbic acid/Fe2+and ADP/NADPH/Fe3+ induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes. Based on these results, we suggest that-E-kong-san attenuate the cisplatin induced cytotoxicity and its mechanism can be eplained by antioxidant.

이용악 시에 나타간 ‘길’의 표상과 ‘고향-조선’이라는 심상지리

이경수(Lee Kyung-soo) 우리문학회 2009 우리文學硏究 Vol.0 No.27

이 논문의 목적은 이용악 시에 나타난 ‘길’의 다양한 표상들을 살펴봄으로써 그의 시가 형성하는 ‘고향’이라는 심상지리를 규명해 보는 데 있다. 이용악의 시에는 초기시부터 후기시까지 일관되게 ‘거리’, ‘뒷골목’ 등으로 표상된 ‘길’이라는 공간이 등장하는데, 그 공간의 성격을 밝힘으로써 이용악의 시를 심층적으로 이해할 수 있다. 이 논문에서는 ‘거리’, ‘뒷골목’등으로 표상되는 공간의 상위개념으로 ‘길’을 설정하였다. 이용악의 시에 등장하는 ‘길’의 다양한 표상들은 그의 내면 공간을 상징하는 동시에, 고향과 일본, 고향과 서울, 고향과 만주 사이의 관계에서 형성되는 ‘고향-식민지 조선’의 심상지리를 구축한다. 이용악의 시에서 ‘길’로 표상되는 일제 말기 ‘고향’의 심상지리는 이용악 시의 원칙을 형성한다. 특히 이용악의 시에서 ‘길’의 표상은 단순히 특정 공간을 지시하는데 그치지 않고 화자의 내면을 드러내는 심리적 공간으로 작용한다. 이용악의 시에 나타난 ‘길’의 다양한 표상들은 이용악 시의 내면 공간을 지칭하는 동시에 조선, 일본, 만주 사이의 관계에서 형성된 ‘고향-식민지 조선’의 심싱지리를 구축하였다. 이용악은 ‘뒷골목’, ‘거리’, ‘고향을 등지거나 돌아오는 길’ 등으로 표상되는 ‘길’ 위를 쉼 없이 걸어오면서 ‘길’위에서 시를 써 온 ‘길’의 시인이다. 그의 시에서 ‘길’의 표상들은 뒷골목으로 대표되는 부끄러움의 내면공간을 거쳐, 일제 말 조선과 일본, 조선과 만주 사이에서 형성되는 공간적 관계에 대한 인식의 확장으로 이어진다. 일제 말 뒷골목으로 대표되는 병적인 태도가 잠시 모습을 드러내기도 하지만, 도회의 개방적 거리를 지향하는 순간 그의 시는 잠시 비판적 균형감각을 잃어버리기도 한다. 그러나 해방과 함께 길은 이용악에게 다시 성찰의 공간으로 기능하게 된다. The purpose of this study was to understand imaginative geography for "home" in Lee Yong-ak's poetry by investigating his diverse representations of "road." There was a space constantly appearing throughout his poems from the early days to the later period, and it was "road" represented by "street" and "back street." All effort to illuminate the space's nature will promote an in-depth understanding of his works. In this study, the investigator picked "road" as the upper concept of space that's represented by "street" and "back street." The diverse representations of "road" in his poems not only represent his internal space, but form imaginative geography of "home-colonized Chosun " that's established between horne and Japan, horne and Seoul, and home and Manchuria. The imaginative geography of "home" during the late Japanese rule is represented by "road" in his works and serves as the origin of his works. The representations of "road" in his poetry, in particular, also function as psychological space to display the speaker's inside in addition to indicating certain space. So far I have examined the various representations of "road" in Lee's poems. The findings show that they refer to internal space in his poems and, at the same time, build imaginative geography of "home-colonized Chosun' that's formed among Chosun, Japan, and Manchuria. Lee can be dubbed as a poet of "road" who wrote poems on the "road" always traveling on the "road" represented by "back street," "street," and , "road to leave home or return to home." In his poetry, the representations of "road" evolve from the internal space of shyness represented by back street into the expansion of consciousness of spatial relations formed between Chosun and Japan and Chosun and Manchuria during the late Japanese rule. Although his pathological attitude represented by back streets made its appearance during the late Japanese rule, he lost a sense of critical balance in his poems for a while the moment he headed for open streets in cities. However, road resumed its function as a space for reflection for him once Korea took back its independence.

갈암 이현일의 생애와 시세계

이경수(Lee Kyung-Soo) 한국인물사연구소 2008 한국인물사연구 Vol.10 No.-

이 논문은 葛庵 李玄逸(1627~1704)의 생애를 3기로 구분하고 각 시기 별로 시 창작의 배경과 작품 내용의 특징을 고찰하였다. 제1기는 50세(1676)까지 在野에서 학문에 전념하던 시기로 형제들과 수학, 독서, 유람하거나 영남남인계 학자들과 교유하면서 시를 창작했다. 이 시기의 작품에는 맑고 깨끗한 정신을 바탕으로 한 경세제민의 원대한 기상이 반영되어 있다. 제2기는 51세(1677)부터 67세(1693)까지로 관직에 나갔다가 물러나기를 반복하며 관직생활과 은둔생활을 한 시기이다. 官界에서 교유한 인물들과의 시는 별로 없고 형제, 영남남인계 학자들과 함께 시를 창작하였다. 관직을 사퇴하고 귀향하고자 하는 심경이나 귀향하여 자연속에 칩거하여 학문에 정진하는 은둔자적 생활을 시로 표현하였다. 제3기는 68세(1694)부터 78세(1704)까지로 갑술옥사로 유배되었다가 귀향하여 별세하기까지의 시기이다. 이 시기의 시 창작은 형제, 아들, 문하생이라는 제한된 범위 내에서 이루어졌다. 시 작품 속에 유배생활의 고통과 불안을 표현하면서도 아울러 역경을 극복하고자 하는 의지를 담았다. 갈암 이현일의 시는 갑인예송 이후 경신대출척, 기사환국, 갑술옥사 등의 정치적 격랑기에 처했던 영남남인계 학자의 생활과 내면세계를 문학적으로 표현한 작품으로서 의의가 있다. This paper devide lifetime of Gal-Am Hyeon-Il Lee(1627~1704) into three periods and investigate characteristics of poem composition and its contents. The first period covers the time that he worked for the poems before he entered the position of government officer at 50 around Yeonghae and Andong in Gyeongbuk Province. During this period, he composed the poems while studying with his brothers or traveling. Or his poems were created while meeting Toegye in Andong. In this period, his works emphasized Confucian ideology and life time obligations, rather than physical achievement or social accomplishment. The second period covers the time that he served as a government position in Seoul at the ages 51~67(l677~1693). While working in Seoul, he socialized Southern Part politicians so called Nam-In and composed poems with them. While exiling from political struggles for he stayed in Andong. in Gyeongbuk Province, and composed the poems while studying with his brothers or traveling, expressing his desire for returning hometown away from the political career. The third period covers the time that he stayed in Andong at the ages 68~74(1694~1704), after having been isolation for political punishment. While staying in Andong, he socialized brothers, sons, his art students, and hometown friends and composed poems with them. During this period, his poem reflected good memories of the Nam-In associates, Overall, Hyeon-Il Lee's poems expressed memories with Nam-In Confucian scholars and companies staying in Yeongnam area.

Impedance를 이용한 전도성고분자 센서의 가스감응특성

이경문,유준부,이병수,전희권,이상태,이덕동,허증수 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 2002 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.13 No.1

전도성 고분자 센서 어레이를 이용한 휘발성 유기 화합물 가스 인식

이경문,주병수,유준부,황하룡,이병수,이덕동,변형기,허증수 한국센서학회 2002 센서학회지 Vol.11 No.5

휘발성 유기 화합물 가스(Volatile Organic Compounds)를 인식하고 분석하기 위하여 전도성 고분자 센서어레이를 이용한 시스템을 제작하였다. Polypyrrole와 Polyaniline을 화학중합법으로 센서에 전도성고분자막을 형성하였고 이를 통해 VOC 검지용 센서 어레이를 제작하였다. 센서어레이로부터 측정되는 다차원 데이터는 주성분분석법(PCA)과 RBF(Radial Basis Function Network)을 이용하였다. 제안된 시스템으로 VOCs 가스를 인식하는데 있어서 RBF Network이 PCA방식보다 더욱 효율적인 것으로 판단되었다. We fabricated gas recognition system using conducting polymer sensor array for recognizing and analyzing VOCs(Volatile Organic Compounds) gases. The polypyrrole and polyaniline thin film sensors which were made by chemical polymerization were employed to detect VOCs. The multi-dimensional sensor signals obtained from the sensor array were analyzed using PCA(principal component analysis) technique and RBF(radial basis function) Network. Throughout the experimental trails, we confirmed that RBF Network is effective than PCA technique in identifying VOCs.

6-hydroxydopamine에 의한 Synaptosome의 Na^+-K^+ ATPase 및 Mg^++ ATPase의 비활성화에 대한 Cu^++의 역할

이경용,이정수,정명희,이광수 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1985 中央醫大誌 Vol.10 No.4

6-Hydroxydopamine(6-OHDA) is selectively accumulated in catecholamine-containing neurons and causes degeneration of nerve terminals when injected into animals. However, the exact molecular mechanism of toxicity remains uncertain. 6-OHDA is an unstable compound which autoxidizes extremely rapidly. Among the various metal ions, Cu^++ is an extremely reactive cation which is known to stimulate the autoxidation of several autoxidizable compounds, among them catecholes and hemoglobin. In the present study, role of Cu^++ was observed on both the production of reactive oxygen species and the inactivation of rat brain synaptosomal Na^+-K^+ ATPase and Mg^++ATPase caused by 6-OHDA. Synaptosomal Na^+-K^+ ATPase and Mg^++ATPase activities were significantly reduced by 6-OHDA. In reaction medium of pH 7.4 6-OHDA is autoxidized rapidly and during this process H_2O_2 and superoxide radical(o^1_2) were formed. Thus, the observed findings suggest that inactivation of these ATPases may be caused by reactive oxygen species. Cu^++ stimulated the rate of autoxidation of 6-OHDA in a dose dependent manner and this stimulation of the autoxidation of 6-OHDA by Cu^++ was prevented by EDTA, penicillamine, catalase and histidine. Effect of Cu^++ was also observed with Na^+-K^+ ATPase and Mg^++ ATPase activities. Inhibition of Na^+-K^+ ATPase and Mg^++ATPase activities by 6-OHDA was further enhanced by Cu^++ and these effects were effectively prevented by catalase and histidine. From the results obtained, it is suggested that Cu^++ stimulates the autoxidation of 6-OHDA and enhances the inactivation of synaptosomal Na^+-K^+ ATPase by 6-OHDA. Also, the inactivation of these ATPase may be attributed to singlet oxygen (O^1_2).

Gilbert 증후군에서 열량 제한 시험과 Phenobarbital 자극 시험의 의의(14예)

이헌영,채경훈,정재훈,강윤세,김연수,문희석,박기오,이엄석,김선문,김석현,성재규,이병석,이강욱 충남대학교 의학연구소 2003 충남의대잡지 Vol.30 No.2

Gilbert 증후군은 인구의 7%에서까지 나타날 수 있는 매우 흔한 증후군으로서 비진행성인 양성의 만성적 경과를 치하며, 간질환의 증상과 징후가 없는 경한 비포합형 고빌리루빈혈증이 특징인 일종의 체질적인 증상으로서 혈장 빌리루빈 농도에 대한 사춘기의 영향 때문에 10대와 20대에 자주 진단이 된다. 따라서 임상적인 중요성은 미약하지만 높은 빈도가 예상되는 점에 그 중요성이 부여되어야 할 것이다. 따라서 적정한 임상적 진단법으로 기왕에 소개된 열량제한 시험과 phenobarbital 유도 시험을 시행하고 이들의 진단적 가치를 알아보기 위하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 1990년 7월부터 1999년 4월까지 충남대학교병원에 내원하여 HBsAg, IgG anti-HBc 및 anti-HCV가 음성이고, 간 초음파 스캔에서 이상이 없으며, 혈청 AST, ALT 및 AP가 정상인 비음주자에서 경한 비포합형 고빌리루빈혈증이 있는 14예의 환자들을 대상으로 ^(99m)Tc-DISID 스캔을 시행하였으며, 기저 치 총빌리루빈 및 포합형 빌리루빈 치를 측정한 다음에 하루에 400Kcal로 48시간동안 제한한 열량 제한 시험을 시행하였고, phenobarbital을 하루 60mg씩 5일간 투여한 후에도 각각 총빌리루빈과 포합형 빌리루빈 치를 검사하여 비포합형을 구하였다. 대상 환자들은 모두 14예로서 남자가 11예(78.6%)였고 여자가 3예(21.4%)여서 3.7:1로 남자에서 많았으며, 20대가 6예(42.9%), 30대가 역시 6예(42.9%) 및 40대가 2예(14.2%)로서 2,30대가 대부분(85.8%)이었다. 열량 제한 시험 후의 총빌리루빈 치, 비포합형 및 포합형 빌리루빈 치들은 평균 각각 5.5±2.7, 4.2±2.3 및 1.3±10mg/dL 로서, 시험 전 치들인 3.0±0.8, 2.2±0.8 및 0.7±0.4mg/dL 보다 유의하게(p=0.001, p=0.001, p=0.023) 상승하였다. 포합형 빌리루빈 치도 유의하게 상승하였으나 비포합형의 상승보다는 훨씬 낮아서 주로 비포합형이 증가하였다. phenobarbital 투여 중 설사가 발생하여 중단한 1예를 제외한 13예에서 열량 제한 시험 후에 상승하였던 총, 비포합형 및 포합형 빌리루빈 치가 phenobarbital 유도 시험후에는 2.0±1.1, 1.5±0.8 및 0.5±0.4mg/dL로서 열량 제한 시험 결과보다 유의하게 낮아졌고(p=0.00, p=0.000, p=0.001), 열량 제한 시험 전의 기초치들인 3.0±0.8, 2.2±0.8 및 0.7±0.4mg.dL 보다도 더욱 낮아졌으며 유의한 차이(p=0.001, p=0.02, p=0.005)를 나타내었다. 14예에서 시행한 ^(99m)-Tc DISIDA 스캔에서 9예(64.3%)가 정상이었고, 5예(35.7%)에서는 심장 및 신장으로의 간외 섭취가 3예였고, 60분까지 소장 배출이 없는 배설 지연 예와 담낭 수축 불량 예가 각각 1예 씩 발견되었다. Phenobarbital 투여시험에서 민감도가 열량제한시험에 비해 더 높았다(92.3%와 50.0%). Gilbert 증후군에서 1일 400 Kcal로 48시간의 열량제한 시험과 1일 60mg의 phenobarbital을 5일간 투여하는 유도 시험은 편리하고 유용한 임상적인 진단법으로 이용할 수 있다고 생각된다. 그러나 열량 제한 시험에서는 증가 기준의 통일이 필요하다고 유추되며 phenobarbital 유도 시험이 민감도가 더 높은 것으로 생각된다. Gilbert's syndrome is very frequent and benign chronic process characterized by mild, intermittent, unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia without any symptom and sign of liver disease. Previously intoduced caloric restriction test and phenobarbital stimulation test as two appropriate clinical tests had been examined and their diagnostic values were reevaluated. Fourteen patients with mild, persistent, unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia were included. Subsequently caloric restriction has been applicated by 400 Kcal/day for 48 hours and phenobarbital has been prescribed by 60 mg/day for 5 days. Therafter serum levels of total and direct bilirubin were measured. Most of the patients were third and fourth decade(85.8%) and male predominant. Each basal serum levels of total, indirect and direct bilirubin were 3.0±0.8, 2.2±0.8 and 0.7±0.4 mg/dL. After caloric restriction test, each levels were increased significantly to 5.5±2.7, 4.2±2.3 and 1.3±1.0 mg/dL(p=0.001, p=0.001, p=0.023). After phenobarbital stimulation test for 13 patients had been practiced, increased levels of each bilirubin after caloric restriction test were decreased significantly to 2.0±1.0, 1.5±0.8 and 0.5±0.4 mg/dL(p=0.000, p=0.000, p=0.001) and these levels were significantly lower than basal levels(p=0.001, p=0.02, p=0.005). The sensitivities of caloric restriction test were 85.7%, 50.0%, and 71.4%, 35.7%(1.0, 1.5 mg increase of total bilirubin and 1.0, 1.5 mg/dL increase of indirect bilirubin). The sensitivities of phenobarbital stimulation test were 93.2% and 92.3% at criteria of 1.5 mg/dL increase of total bilirubin and indirect bilirubin. On the diagnosis of Gilbert syndrome, caloric restriction test and phenobarbital stimulation test are convenient and useful diagnostic tools in clinical face. And also phenobarbital stimulation test has higher sensitivity than caloric restriction test. Furthermore, standardization of bilirubin increment would be necessary in caloric restriction test.

만성신부전 환자에서 Recombinant Human Erythropoietin(rhEPO)의 피하주사시 생체이용율

김경수,이경훈,이영수,김광호,김용식,신상구,박찬웅 大韓臨床藥理學會 1993 臨床藥理學會誌 Vol.1 No.1

심폐소생술중 심실기능 및 판막운동의 평가

이부수,김영식,이강현,황성오,임경수,박금수,윤정한,안무업,최경훈 대한응급의학회 1994 대한응급의학회지 Vol.5 No.2

Background : Mechanism of blood flow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) in humans remains controversial and poorly understood, although cardiac or thoracic pump theory was proposed. We investigated cardiac movement, ventricular function and atrioventricular valve motion with aid of transesophageal echocardiography during precordial compression during CPR in humans. Methods and results : During CPR transesophageal echocardiography was performed in 14 patients with non-traumatic cardiac arrest. Manual precordial compression during CPR was performed according to American Heart Association guidelines. Mitral valve closed in 9 and did not close in 5 patients during "compression systole". Tricuspid valve closed during compression systole. Compression vector directed to right ventricle, basal portion of interventricular septum and left atrium. The heart rotated clockwise and the apex was more displaced than the base("swing motion"). Fractional shortening(FS) and ejection fraction(EF) of right ventricle exceeded those of left ventricle(FS : 55±9% vs 18±8%, p<0.05), EF : 79±9% vs 37±16%, p<0.05). FS and EF of left ventricle was higher in patients with systolic mitral valve closure than patients with persistent systolic opening of mitral valve(FS : 21±7 vs 13±7%, EF : 45±12 vs 22±12%, p<0.05), but FS and EF of right ventricle was not different. Conclusion : During precordial compression, the heart rotated clockwise and displaced. Systolic function of right ventricle exceeded left ventricle. Marked compression of right ventricle and systolic closure of tricuspid valve suggested that right ventricle functioned as a pump generating blood flow during precordial compression. Closure of mitral valve was dependant on systolic function of the left ventricle.