Interaction between vitamin E intake and a COMT gene variant on colorectal cancer risk among Korean adults: a case-control study

Shinyoung Jun(Shinyoung Jun),Madhawa Gunathilake(Madhawa Gunathilake ),Jeonghee Lee(Jeonghee Lee),Jae Hwan Oh(Jae Hwan Oh),Hee Jin Chang(Hee Jin Chang),Dae Kyung Sohn(Dae Kyung Sohn),Aesun Shin(Aesun 한국역학회 2023 Epidemiology and Health Vol.45 No.-

OBJECTIVES: Previous human trials have not supported the anticarcinogenic effect of vitamin E despite biological plausibility and considerable epidemiological evidence. A possible explanation for this inconsistency is the interactive effect of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene and supplemental vitamin E on cancer. We examined whether a COMT gene variant modulates the effect of dietary vitamin E intake on colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. METHODS: In this case-control study of Korean adults (975 cases and 975 age- and sex-matched controls), dietary vitamin E density (mg/1,000 kcal) was measured using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire, COMT single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs740603 (A>G) was genotyped, and CRC was verified histologically. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using unconditional logistic regression models with adjustments for potential confounders. RESULTS: Higher vitamin E density was associated with a lower risk of CRC (highest vs. lowest quartiles: OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.55 to 0.96; p-for-trend=0.002). When stratified by COMT SNP rs740603 genotype, the inverse association between vitamin E density and CRC risk was confined to those with at least 1 A allele (≥median vs. <median: OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.51 to 0.78). The interaction between rs740603 and vitamin E density was significant (p-for-interaction=0.020). No direct association was observed between COMT SNP rs740603 and CRC risk (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.41). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support a role for a genetic polymorphism in COMT in modifying the association between dietary vitamin E intake and CRC.

The effects of noble metal catalysts on the bio-oil quality during the hydrodeoxygenative upgrading process

Oh, Shinyoung,Hwang, Hyewon,Choi, Hang Seok,Choi, Joon Weon Elsevier 2015 Fuel Vol.153 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A hydrodeoxygenation reaction (HDO) of bio-oil was conducted with Ru/C and Pt/C. Yield of heavy oil as a target product was influenced by reaction temperature irrespective of catalysts. HDO gave rise to an improvement in the following oil properties: water content, heating value, viscosity, acidity and oxygen level. Due to the de-moisturization, 61.6–97.2% of water decreased. Ru/C and Pt/C led to deoxygenation with increasing temperature. Especially, the heavy oil obtained from 350°C with Pt/C was deoxygenated up to 78.2% and had a higher heating value (27.8MJ/kg) than the bio-oil (17.3MJ/kg). After HDO unstable/unsaturated compounds (acetic acid, furfural, vanillin and levoglucosan) in bio-oil were converted to esters, ketones and saturated phenols. According to the reusability test of HDO catalysts chars were deposited on the surface of catalysts, which could be the reason for the deactivation of catalysts. The Pt/C was denoted as having high durability and thermal resistance.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Hydrodeoxygenation was performed with noble catalysts (Ru/C and Pt/C). </LI> <LI> Stability and physicochemical properties of the heavy oil were clearly improved. </LI> <LI> Pt/C is effective to enhance the oil stability by modifying the phenol polymers. </LI> <LI> Deposited char deactivated catalysts and Pt/C had durability and heat resistance. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Investigation of chemical modifications of micro- and macromolecules in bio-oil during hydrodeoxygenation with Pd/C catalyst in supercritical ethanol

Oh, Shinyoung,Hwang, Hyewon,Choi, Hang Seok,Choi, Joon Weon Elsevier 2014 CHEMOSPHERE - Vol.117 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Miscanthus bio-oil was subjected to hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) with Pd/C at different temperatures (250, 300 and 350°C) and times (30, 45 and 60min) to investigate the chemical modification of micro- and macromolecules in bio-oil. Four main products – char, gas and two immiscible oils (light and heavy oil) – were obtained from the HDO reaction. Yields of heavy oil as a targeting product of HDO varied from 60% to 13%, whereas those of gas and char were ranged from 7% to 36% and 6% to 17%, respectively. Water content was estimated to<1% and heating value was 26–31MJkg<SUP>−1</SUP>.</P> <P>Reduction of unstable oxygen-containing compounds such as acids (2-hydroxy-butanoic acid), aldehydes (furfural), alcohols (butanedial) and sugars (levoglucosan) were characteristic in heavey oil. Apart from hydrogenation and deoxygenation, micromolecules in bio-oil were plausibly modified to stable ketones, esters and saturated components via demethoxylation, dealkylation, decarbonylation, dehydroxylation and ring opening.</P> <P>Macromolecular lignin fragments (referred to as pyrolytic lignins in bio-oil and phenol polymers in heavy oil) were extracted and subjected to several analyses. Approximately 60% of the pyrolytic lignins were decomposed into low molecular weight compounds during HDO reaction. Moreover, essential functional groups, OCH<SUB>3</SUB> and phen-OH groups attached to pyrolytic lignin, were severely modified during HDO reaction.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Miscanthus bio-oil was subjected to hydrodeoxygenation in the presence of Pd/C. </LI> <LI> Structural modification of chemical components in bio-oil was investigated. </LI> <LI> Reduction of unstable oxygen-containing components were characteristic. </LI> <LI> Micromolecules were modified to stable ketones, esters and saturated components. </LI> <LI> Depolymerization of macromolecular lignins were verified during hydrodeoxygenation. </LI> </UL> </P>

Effect of Different Zeolite Supported Bifunctional Catalysts for Hydrodeoxygenation of Waste Wood Bio-oil

( Shinyoung Oh ),( Sye-Hee Ahn ),( Joon Weon Choi ) 한국목재공학회 2019 목재공학 Vol.47 No.3

Effects of various types of zeolite on the catalytic performance of hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of bio-oil obtained from waste larch wood pyrolysis were investigated herein. Bifunctional catalysts were prepared via wet impregnation. The catalysts were characterized through XRD, BET, and SEM. Experimental results demonstrated that HDO enhanced the fuel properties of waste wood bio-oil, such as higher heating values (HHV) (20.4-28.3 MJ/kg) than bio-oil (13.7 MJ/kg). Water content (from 19.3 in bio-oil to 3.1-16.6 wt% in heavy oils), the total acid number (from 150 in bio-oil to 28-77 mg KOH/g oil in heavy oils), and viscosity (from 103 in bio-oil to 40-69 mm²/s in heavy oils) also improved post HDO. In our experiments, depending on the zeolite support, NiFe/HBeta exhibited a high Si/Al ratio of 38 with a high specific surface area (545.1 m²/g), and, based on the yield of heavy oil (18.3-18.9 wt%) and HHV (22.4-25.2 MJ/kg), its performance was not significantly affected by temperature and solvent concentration variations. In contrast, NiFe/zeolite Y, which had a low Si/Al ratio of 5.2, exhibited the highest improved quality for heavy oil at high temperature, with an HHV of 28.3 MJ/kg at 350 °C with 25 wt% of solvent.

< 전시-P-35 > 제올라이트 촉매를 이용한 폐목재 바이오오일의 수첨탈산소 개질 공정 최적화에 관한 연구

오신영 ( Shinyoung Oh ),최준원 ( Joon Weon Choi ) 한국목재공학회 2018 한국목재공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2018 No.2

Integrating Path Integral Control With Backstepping Control to Regulate Stochastic System

Shinyoung Bae,Jong Min Lee,Tae Hoon Oh,Jong Woo Kim,Yeonsoo Kim 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2023 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.21 No.7

Path integral control integrated with backstepping control is proposed to address the practical regulation problem, wherein the system dynamics are represented as stochastic differential equations. Path integral control requires the sampling of uncontrolled trajectories to calculate the optimal control input. However, the probability of generating a low-cost trajectory from uncontrolled dynamics is low. This implies that the path integral control requires an excessive number of trajectory samples to approximate the optimal control input appropriately. Therefore, we propose an integrated method of backstepping and path integral control to provide a systematic approach for sampling stabilized trajectories that are close to the optimal one. This proposed method requires a relatively small number of samples than that of the path integral control and uses the terminal set to further reduce the computational load. In simulation studies, the proposed method is applied to a single-input single-output example and a continuous stirred-tank reactor for demonstration. The results show the advantages of integrating the backstepping control and the path integral control.

Association of the inflammatory balance of diet and lifestyle with colorectal cancer among Korean adults: a case-control study

Shinyoung Jun,Jeonghee Lee,Jae Hwan Oh,Hee Jin Chang,Dae Kyung Sohn,Aesun Shin,Jeongseon Kim 한국역학회 2022 Epidemiology and Health Vol.44 No.-

OBJECTIVES Dietary and lifestyle exposures may affect the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) by promoting chronic inflammation. Therefore, we assessed the separate and joint associations of dietary and lifestyle inflammation scores (DIS and LIS, respectively) with CRC. METHODS Data from 919 pathologically confirmed CRC cases and 1,846 age- and sex-matched controls recruited at the National Cancer Center Korea were analyzed. We calculated the DIS and LIS, which characterize the collective contributions of 19 dietary and 4 lifestyle factors, respectively, to systemic inflammation by applying weights based on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. A higher score represented a higher balance of pro- to anti-inflammatory exposures. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CRC risk compared across the DIS and LIS tertile categories, with the lowest tertile as the reference group. RESULTS The highest DIS tertile had significantly increased odds of having CRC (OR, 2.65; 95% CI, 2.10 to 3.36), and the odds increased with increasing DIS. The highest LIS tertile group had 1.28-fold higher odds of having CRC (95% CI, 1.03 to 1.58). In the cross-classification analysis, the odds of having CRC increased as the DIS and LIS jointly increased until the DIS reached the highest tertile, where the risk was very high (3-fold or more) regardless of the LIS. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, a higher balance of pro-inflammatory relative to anti-inflammatory dietary and lifestyle factors, especially dietary factors, was associated with higher CRC risk among Korean adults.

A new design concept and seismic margin assessment for a spent fuel storage system

Oh, Jinho,Kwag, Shinyoung,Lee, Jongmin Elsevier 2018 Nuclear engineering and design Vol.326 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The design and structural performance of a spent fuel storage system, which plays a role in storing irradiated and damaged fuel assemblies generated during the operation of a reactor, have been regarded as very important issues in relation to nuclear safety. The recent accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant once again highlights the importance of the safe design of such a system. Thus, this paper proposes a new design concept of a spent fuel storage system composed of spent fuel storage racks (SFSR) and a support frame. The design of each SFSR is enhanced by increasing the natural cooling capacity of the pool water. The support frame is newly devised such that it physically prevents the overturning and sliding of racks and collisions among them during an earthquake event.</P> <P>In addition, to verify the structural integrity of the proposed design and evaluate its seismic margin, static analyses, response spectrum analyses and nonlinear time history analyses are conducted. The response spectrum analyses provide the maximum response of the structures during and after seismic events. The nonlinear time history analyses were carried out to predict contact sliding, rocking, twisting, and turning between the floor of the pool bottom and the support frame. The numerical results were analyzed based on the allowable code limits to assess the structural integrity. The possibility of a collision between the support frame and the adjacent pool wall is investigated. The seismic margin of the proposed design is studied within the seismic fragility analysis framework.</P> <P>The analysis results show that the maximum stress values of these SFSRs and their support frame under seismic loads are within the specified code limits. An impact between the support frame and the adjacent pool wall will not occur because the sliding distance calculated from the nonlinear time history analysis is less than the gap between the two elements. These results confirm that they cannot be overturned but will instead slide under an SSE event. Finally, the seismic fragility analysis results demonstrate that the designed spent fuel storage system has a sufficient seismic margin which exceeds the targeted seismic design level.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> This paper proposes a novel design concept for a Spent Fuel Storage System (SFSS). </LI> <LI> Main concepts are enhanced cooling capacity and prevention of collision and overturn. </LI> <LI> Structural integrity and seismic margin for newly designed SFSS are evaluated. </LI> </UL> </P>

Bayesian-based seismic margin assessment approach: Application to research reactor

Kwag, Shinyoung,Oh, Jinho,Lee, Jong-Min,Ryu, Jeong-Soo Techno-Press 2017 Earthquakes and structures Vol.12 No.6

A seismic margin assessment evaluates how much margin exists for the system under beyond design basis earthquake events. Specifically, the seismic margin for the entire system is evaluated by utilizing a systems analysis based on the sub-system and component seismic fragility data. Each seismic fragility curve is obtained by using empirical, experimental, and/or numerical simulation data. The systems analysis is generally performed by employing a fault tree analysis. However, the current practice has clear limitations in that it cannot deal with the uncertainties of basic components and accommodate the newly observed data. Therefore, in this paper, we present a Bayesian-based seismic margin assessment that is conducted using seismic fragility data and fault tree analysis including Bayesian inference. This proposed approach is first applied to the pooltype nuclear research reactor system for the quantitative evaluation of the seismic margin. The results show that the applied approach can allow updating by considering the newly available data/information at any level of the fault tree, and can identify critical scenarios modified due to new information. Also, given the seismic hazard information, this approach is further extended to the real-time risk evaluation. Thus, the proposed approach can finally be expected to solve the fundamental restrictions of the current method.

Application of Bayesian statistics to seismic probabilistic safety assessment for research reactor

Kwag, Shinyoung,Oh, Jinho,Lee, Jong-Min Elsevier 2018 Nuclear engineering and design Vol.328 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Nuclear facilities are susceptible to the damage due to earthquake hazards. The recent strong earthquake events show the need to explore scenarios in which the expected seismic hazard exceeds a design basis earthquake. In this regard, the seismic probabilistic safety assessment (SPSA) methodology has been developed and utilized to access the overall risk to a nuclear power plant. However, it remains challenging to deal with various uncertainties, accurately to describe correlated events, to accommodate newly observed data and to consider severe accident scenarios within the current framework. In order to overcome such challenges and take advantage of the merits of recent systems analysis concepts, this paper explores a SPSA approach by integrating the current SPSA framework with a Bayesian network and Bayesian inference instead of utilizing the standard fault tree-based technique. The proposed approach enables one to account for what are known as Aleatory and Epistemic uncertainties, to consider the correlated events, to incorporate the additional data and to conduct vulnerability assessments in an accident condition. The proposed Bayesian-based method is demonstrated by its application to a research reactor as an example. Several case studies are conducted to demonstrate how additional information such as correlated events and newly observed data changes the system-level fragility and risk. In addition, a critical scenario is investigated in a situation in which an accident has occurred for a vulnerability assessment beyond a design-basis event. Consequently, it is shown that the proposed approach provides an enhanced framework for risk assessments at nuclear facilities under earthquake hazards. This framework is ultimately expected to be extended to effective plans to mitigate system-level risk and to enhance decision support for risk-informed designs.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> This study explores a Bayesian-based approach for seismic PSA of research reactor. </LI> <LI> Incorporation of a Bayesian network enables considering correlated events. </LI> <LI> It is also capable of conducting beyond-design-vulnerability assessments. </LI> <LI> Bayesian inference makes it feasible to evaluate real-time risk. </LI> </UL> </P>