http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
한의진단명과 진단요건의 표준화 연구 III : 3차년도 연구결과 보고
최선미,양기상,최승훈,박경모,박종현,심범상,김성우,노석선,이인선,정진홍,이진용,김달래,임형호,김윤범,박성식,송태원,김종우,이승기,최윤정,신순식 한국한의학연구원 1997 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.3 No.1
The diagnostic requirements were suggested and explained regarding the systems of differentiation of symptoms and signs in the third year study of standardization and unification of the terms and conditions used for diagnosis in oriental medicine. The systems were as follows : - analyzing and differentiating of epidemic febrile disease - analyzing and differentiating in accordance with the Sasang constitution medicine based on four-type recognition - differentiation of disease according to pathological changes of Chong and Ren channels - standards for diagnosis of women's disease - standards for diagnosis of children's disease - standards for diagnosis of motor and sensor disturbance (-muscle. born, joint, etc.) - standards for diagnosis of neuropsychiatric disease - standards for diagnosis of five sense organ disease - standards for diagnosis of external disease The indivisual diagnosis pattern was arranged by the diagnostic requirements in the following order : another name, notion of diagnosis pattern, index of differentiation of symptoms and signs, the main point of diagnosis, analysis of diagnosis pattern, discrimination of diagnosis pattern, prognosis, a way of curing a disease, prescription, herbs in common use, disease appearing the diagnosis pattern, documents. The standards for diagnosis of each disease was arranged by the diagnostic requirements in the following order : another name, notion of disease, the main point of diagnosis, analyzing and differentiating of disease, analysis of disease, discrimination of disease, prognosis, a way of curing and prescription of disease, disease in western medicine appearing the disease in oriental medicine, documents.
Seung‑Hyeon Lee,Seung‑Han Choi,In‑Seung Lee,Yumi Kim,Eun‑Jin An,Hyeung‑Jin Jang 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2020 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.16 No.2
Backgrounds Exposure to a toxic stress environment leads to excessive inflammatory reactions and induces allergic asthma resulting in airway hyper-responsiveness. We investigated whether Rosa laevigata Michx. (RL) exhibits anti-inflammatory effects related allergic asthma in both an in vitro and in vivo studies. Methods To investigate the preventive effect of RL, A549 cells were pretreated with non-toxic doses of RL (500, 1000 μg/ mL) and induced by epidermal growth factor (EGF) (10 ng/mL). First, we evaluated cytotoxicity via a MTT assay. The inhibitory effects of NF-κB activity and COX-2 expression were confirmed by a western blot assay. In the in vivo study, BALB/c mice were challenged with regard to ovalbumin via an intraperitoneal injection of RL (50, 100 mg/kg) and were killed to collect bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, lung tissues and blood serum. The number of inflammatory cells, the secretion of IgE and related cytokines were monitored by ELISA and multiplex assays. Results RL significantly suppressed NF-κB activity and COX-2 expression levels in EGF-induced A549 cells. In a chronic inflammation mice model, pretreatment of RL attenuated allergic airway inflammation by reducing inflammatory cells, the secretion of IgE and related cytokines in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions The results of this study present the possibility of RL as a therapeutic agent for allergic asthma patients via the suppression of IgE and related cytokines.
Simplified Effective Compressive Strengths of Columns with Intervening Floor Slabs
Seung?Ho Choi,Jin?Ha Hwang,Sun?Jin Han,Hae?Chang Cho,Jae Hyun Kim,Kang Su Kim 한국콘크리트학회 2020 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.14 No.5
The current design codes discuss the effective compressive strengths of columns, which reflect a decrease in load transfer performance that can occur when columns and slabs have different concrete compressive strengths. The effective compressive strength of a column increases as it is confined by the slab, and the design codes mandate three different effective compressive strengths for interior columns (confinement on four sides), exterior columns (confinement on three sides), and corner columns (confinement on two sides). For both corner and exterior columns, the confinement effect of the slab is significantly smaller than that for the interior column, and there is a more marked decrease in load transfer performance. However, there is still a lack of theoretical studies investigating the effective compressive strengths of the corner and exterior columns. Therefore, based on the analysis model established in previous research, this study has proposed an equation for calculating the effective compressive strengths of the corner, exterior and isolated columns without any confinement effects of the slab. In addition, axial loading tests of isolated columns were conducted and the proposed equation was verified.
Rat의 복강에 삽입한 Fluorouracil-Polyglycolic acid 제형의 Fluorouracil 용출에 관한 연구
노승무,정경수,오정연,김진향,양준묵,강대영,송규상,최정목,최선웅,이진호,조준식,민병무,김용백,김창식,박근성,김승영,김학용,인현빈 忠南大學校 癌共同硏究所 1998 癌共同硏究所 硏究誌 Vol.2 No.1
A common form of relapse in adenocarcinoma of the stomach is intraperitoneal dissemination, in fact, among gastric adenocarcinoma patients who have undergone surgery intended to cure, approximately 50% of the patients develope initial recurrence in the peritoneal cavity regardless of the anatomic site of the primary tumor within the stomach. The efficacy of systemic postoperative chemotherapy to prevent peritoneal recurrence of gastrric adcnocarcinoma is not satisfactory. There is still a great need for improved therapeutic strategies on the disseminated microscopic disease and small miliary nodules remaining on the peritoneal surface or lymphatics after operation. The authers have made fluorouracil-polyglycolic acid composite disks(Fu-PGA disks) with fluorouracil and biodegradable polymer: polyglycolic acid for more effective intraperitoneal chemotherapy. We inserted the Fu-PGA disk(s) in the peritoneal cavity of rat and pharmacokinetic study was performed to measure fluorouracil concentration in the peritoneal fluid, plasma, liver, kidney and heart tissue at 24 hour, 72 hour and 168 hour after insertion of Fu-PGA disk(s). Myelosuppressive action of this composite also was determined following its administration. The data of this study suggested that Fu-PGA composite will be a new device releasing drugs in a controlled manner and having targetability to peritoneum, and this device will be improving the efficacy of intraperitoneal chemotherapy for gastric adenocarcinoma.
Rat의 복강에 삽입한 Filorouracil-Polyglycolic acid제형의 Fluorouracil용출에 관한 연구
노승무,정경수,오정연,김진향,양준묵,강대영,송규상,최정목,최선웅,이진호,조준식,민병무,김용백,김창식,박근성,김승영,김학용,인현빈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1
A common form of relapse in adenocarcinoma of the stomach is intraperitioneal dissemination, in fact, among gastric adenocarcinoma patients who have undergone surgery intended to cure, approximately 50% of the patients develope initial recurrence in the peritoneal cavity regardless of the anatomic site of the primary tumor within the stomach. The efficacy of systemic postoperative chemotherapy to prevent peritoneal recurrence of gastrric adenocarcinoma is not satisfactory. There is still a great need for improved therapeutic strategies on the disseminated microscopic disease and small miliary nodules remaining on the peritoneal surface or lymphatics after operation. The authers have made fluorouracil-polyglycolic acid composite disks(Fu-PGA disks) with fluorouracil and biodegradable polymer: polyglycolic acid for more effective intraperitoneal chemotherapy. We inserted the Fu-PGA disk(s) in the peritoneal cavity of rat and pharmacokinetic study was performed to measure fluorouracil concentration in the peritoneal fluid, plasma, liver, kidney and heart tissue at 24 hour, 72 hour and 168 hour after insertion of Fu-PGA disk(s). Myelosuppressive action of this composite also was determined following its administration. The data of this study suggested that Fu-PGA composite will be a new device releasing drugs in a controlled manner and having targetability to peritoneum, and this device will be improving the efficacy of intraperitoneal chemotherapy for gastric adenocarcinoma.
Rat의 복강내에 투여한 5-fluorouracil-polyglycolic acid 제형이 장기에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구
강대영,송규상,최정목,노승무,정경수,오정연,김진향,양준묵,최선웅,이진호,조준식,민병무,김용백,김창식,박근성,김승영,김학용,인현빈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1
For more effective intraperitoneal chemotherapy, the authers made 5-fluorouracil-polyglycolic acid composite disks(FU-PGA disks) with 5-fluorouracil and polyglycolic acid, a biodegradable polymer. We inserted the FU-PGA disk into the peritoneal cavites of Sprague-Dawley male rats, the control and three experimental groups; one FU-PGA disk insert group(300mg/kg), two FU-PGA disk insert group(600mg/kg), and three FU-PGA disk insert group(900mg/kg). The control group received a similar number of PGA disk inserts. A pharmacokinetic study was performed to measure the 5-fluorouracil concentration in the peritoneal fluid, blood, and tissues(liver, kidney and heart) at 24 hours, 72hours and 168 hours after insertion of the FU-PGA disk. Light and electron microscopic studies were done. The results were as follows: 1) The number of white blood cells and platelets decreased after FU-PGA insertion. The degree was proportional to the duration and amounts inserted. The change in the number of red blood cells varied slightly. 2) Light microscopically, slight changes were noted at 168 hours in the 3 disk insert group (900mg/kg). Mild fatty change and hepatocyte degeneration around the central veins of the liver were noted, with vacuolar degeneration in the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidney. 3) Electron microscopically,the liver showed focal increases of lipid droplets in the hepatocytes, and irregular nuclear membrane with focal nucleolar segregation of the fibrillar and granular elements. Also the double membranous structure of the hepatocytes and Kupffer cells was widened with bleb formation. The kidney showed wide separation of the nuclear double membrane in the proximal convoluted tubular cells and mesangial cells, with vacuolation and myelin figure formation in the mitochondria of the proximal convoluted tubular cells, at 72 hours and 168 hours in the 2 to 3 FU-PGA insert groups. The heart showed focal loss of cristae,vacuolation and myelin figure formation in the mitochondria of the 2 to 3 FU-PGA insert groups. In conclusion, despite the large amont of FU-PGA inserted, the histopathological changes in the liver, kidney and heart were slight, and consonant with the very low amount of 5-fluorouracil concentrations detected in the liver, kidney and heart. The above results suggest that the FU-PGA composite can serve as a new device for releasing drugs in a controlled manner and easily targeted to intraperitoneal organs. This device can improve the efficacy of intraperitoneal chemotherapy for gastric cancer.
백서의 복강내에 투여한 Mitomycin-C-Polyglycolic acid 제형이 장기에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구
송규상,강대영,최정목,노승무,정경수,오정연,김진향,양준목,최선웅,이진호,조준식,민병무,김용백,김창식,박근성,김승영,김학용,인현빈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1
To evaluate the in-vivo effects of mitomycin-C-polyglycolic acid composite(MMC-PGA) the disk: shaped composite were implanted into the peritoneal cavity of the Sprague-Dawley rats. The pathologic changes were examined at various time points up to 12 weeks. Initially the soft tissue around the inserted disks showed capillary congestion at 3 days. Inflammatory infiltrates with foreign body giant cells appeared from the 2nd week and reached peak response at 6-8 weeks. These reaction diminished prominently at 12 weeks. No specific pathologic change was found in the liver, the kidneys, and the heart. The above results suggest that the MMC-PGA composite can serve as a new device for intraperitoneal chemotherapy of various types of cancers.
최용호,신진교,김승호,김상표 한국중소기업학회 2002 中小企業硏究 Vol.24 No.4
본 연구에서는 대구지역 중소기업의 국제경쟁력의 수준과 결정요인을 탐색하고 있다. 대구지역에 소재한 408개 중소기업을 대상으로 자료를 수집 분석한 결과 대구지역 중소기업의 국제경쟁력 수준은 그리 높지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 나아가 중소기업의 국제경쟁력 결정요인에 환한 연구모형의 타당성을 검증한 결과 모형은 타당한 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 경영전략 특성 및 조직구조 특성이 지역 중소기업의 국제경쟁력에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구가 발견한 특징적인 현상은 지역 중소기업이 국제경쟁력을 달성하기 위해서는 경쟁전략에 있어서는 비용절감추구전략과 제품차별화추구전략을 동시에 높일 때, 그리고 조직구조에 있어서는 분권화와 공식화를 동시에 높일 때 국제경쟁력이 높아진다는 사실이다. 이는 소위 모순경영에 관한 이론적 함의를 제공하는 것으로 본 수 있다. 마지막으로 본 연구결과에 대한 해석과 토론, 이론적 및 실무적인 시사점과 한계점, 그리고 향후의 연구를 위한 연구명제가 제시되고 있다. This study investigated the level and determinants of international competitiveness of small and medium sized firms located in Daegu. The research model consisted of characteristics of management process including management strategy, organizational structure, management system, and top management. And international competitiveness was used as a performance variable. The data were collected from 408 small and medium sired firms located in Daegu. Empirical results indicated that the level of international competitiveness was not high, and management strategy and organizational structure influenced on international competitiveness significantly. Specifically, this study shown that to improve international competitiveness, small and medium sized firms have to persue both cost reduction and product differentiation, and also enhance decentralization and formalization simultaneously. In doing so, they appear to be faced with a paradox management. The implications of these findings, limitations, and future research directions were discussed.
유아의 자연물에 대한 연상, 유사성, 생명 개념에 관한 연구
최진승,김지영 동아대학교 교육대학원 1998 동아교육논총 Vol.24 No.-
본 연구는 유아가 자연물에 대한 지식을 연상하고 생명 유무와 유사성을 판단하는 기준을 공통적인 준거로써 찾고 그 준거별 반응정도가 연령 및 성별, 자연물의 범주에 따라서 어떠한 양상을 보이면서 발달하는지 밝히는데 그 목적을 두었다. 본 연구의 대상은 부산 시내 유치원에 재원하는 3, 4, 5세 유아 90명이며 유아에게 제시된 자연물은 예비 조사와 친숙도 검사를 통해 선정하였으며, 범주에 따라서 동물, 식물, 천체, 기타 무생물 범주로 나뉘며 각 범주별로 3개씩 총 12개이다. 자료는 인터뷰식으로 진행하여 수집되었으며 유아의 반응은 모두 녹음하여 준거에 따라 수량화하였고, 통계처리는 일원변량분석, 다변량분석, t-검증, Duncan(.05)사후 검증 등을 활용하였다. 본 연구의 결과 및 논의를 통해 얻어진 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 자연물의 소유, 형태, 주제에 관한 개념은 3세에 이미 발달되어 있으며, 색깔과 기능에 관한 개념은 4세와 5세 사이에 크게 발달하는 것으로 보인다. 둘째, 여아는 남아보다 자연물의 기능 및 행위에 관한 개념을 더 먼저 획득한다. 셋째, 동물 및 기타 무생물 범주에 관한 자연물의 개념은 식물 범주 및 천체 범주에 대한 개념보다 더 먼저 발달한다. 넷째, 유아의 자연물의 유사성 판단은 주제-지각-기능-개념 이행으로 변화하며 발달한다. 여섯째, 유아들이 자연물과 유사한 대상으 판단할 때 근거하는 기준은 자연물의 범주에 따라 다른데, 생물 범주는 기능적인 법칙에 근거하고 무생물 범주는 지각적인 특징에 근거하여 판단한다. 일곱째, 자연 법칙에 근거하여 자연물의 생명성을 판단할 수 있는 능력은 5세에 갖추어어지며, 자연물의 범주에 따라 생명성의 판단의 기준이 다르다. 동물 범주는 자연법칙에 근거하며 식물 범주는 사람들의 활동과 개입 유무에 근거하고, 무생물 범주는 의인적인 준거에 근거하여 판단하는 경향이 높다. The purpose of this study is that how the young childrens' association, simialrity, life concept on natural kinds changes with age, sex, and the categories of natural kinds. The subjects in this study were 90 young children who were 3, 4, and 5 years old, and sampled from 3 kindergartens in Pusna. Natural kinds were selected through the pilot test and the categories of natural kinds were divided into animal, plant, planet, and dnonbiological category. Following conclusions were derived from discussion on the results to this study: 1.Young children's association about natural kinds' having, shape, thematic knowledge don't change with age, and their association for the color, functional knowledge of natual kinds were increaed with age. 2.Female childrens' association is higer than male in the natural kinds' functional knowledge. 3.Young childrengs association about plant, planet is increasing with age. Therefore, young childrens' concept about animal, nonbiological kinds is formed nearly at 3 age olds, and young childrens' concept about plant, planet develops highly between the age of 4 and 5 years old. 4.Young children's association about natural kinds' shape is high in the all categories of natural kinds, their assocaition about natural kinds' thematic knowledge is high in nonbiological category. In addition, their association about natural kinds' function is high in animal category at most. 5.Young childrens' reponses about natural kinds' thematic simiarity are decreasing with age. On the other hand, their responses about natural kinds' perceptual, functional simiarity are increasing with age. The result suggests that young childrens' concept on natural kinds is developing thematic-perceptural-founctional-conceptual shift. 6.Young childrens' assocaition about the simiarity is based on objects' founctional character in biological category. On the other hand, their assocaition about inanimates' similarity is based on the perceptual character in nonbiological category. 7.Young childrens' ability to discriminate the animates-nonanimates is increasing at 5 years old. Therefore, young childrens' life concept is formed nearly at 5 years old. 8.Young childrens discriminate between animate and inanimate things in animal category at the based of animals' functional character and in plant category at the based of persons' activity. However they justify the objects' lives at the based of perceptual character in nonbiological category.
최승욱,백영호,김수진,문미자 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 2005 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.21 No.1
With middle-aged women living in B metropolitan city as subjects, classified were two groups : the women who take steady exercise for over 6 months and the women who take no exercise, and a comparative analysis was made of the total caloric intake, the ratio of the intake of three major nutrients, the intake of micronutrients, and the amount and ratio of daily dietary intake, according to the type of exercise, with the following results.......