수술실 손 소독제의 종류에 따른 균주 수의 변화

홍성윤,김정민,김소영,이수정,오은실,양서인,김화실,김남초 병원간호사회 2006 임상간호연구 Vol.11 No.2

Purpose: The present study purposed to compare the hand washing effect of 7.5% powidone-iodine, which is used in the operation room of C university hospital in Seoul, with that of Ethyl alcohol-CHG mixture recommended by the US Association of Operating Room Nurses (2002) and to adopt a more effective hand disinfectant. Method: In a quasi-experimental design, 48 medical staff who participated in operations during the period from November 2004 to February 2005 had hand washing using the two kinds of hand disinfectants: 7.5% povidone-iodine and the ethyl alcohol-CHG mixture. Their palms were swabbed and cultured just after hand washing and again after taking dff sterile gloves after the operation. The number of colonies from the two occasions were counted and compared. Result: The number of general bacillus increased significantly in the group using 7.5% povidone-iodine compared to that in the group using the ethyl alcohol-CHG mixture. The number of general bacillus increased signficantly in doctors compared to that in nurses. The factors affecting the increase of the number of general bacillus were disinfectants and medical personnel. The number of general bacillus was expected to increase 9.41 times with 7.5% povidone-iodine than with the ethyl alcohol-CHG mixture and 14.87 times in doctors than in nurses. Conclusion: This study shows that the ethyl alcogol-CHG mixture has a stronger hand disinfection effect than 7.5% povidone iodine. Thus we need to change the hand disinfectant used in operating rooms as soon as possible in order to minimize the infection of wounds resulting from operations.

종일제유치원의 실태분석을 통한 영유아보육사업의 향후 대응방안 모색에 관한 연구

서화자,김광혁 한국영유아보육학회 2003 한국영유아보육학 Vol.0 No.34

This study analyzed the limits of full-day kindergarten as a way of improving the service of the child care education quantitatively and qualitatively. And it examined the countermeasure of the child care education business based upon this analysis. Data from the previous studies of the full-day kindergarten and the child care education were used for this study and the result of those data analysis was as follows. Above all, there was limited supply of service for children in operating full-day kindergarten because of the lack of programs, the increase of private education expenses, the lack of education personnel, the deficient facilities, and the absence of full-time teacher. As a measure of supplementing the limits in the child care education, this study suggested the qualitative improvement of the service, the diversification of the education service, the expansion of provincial kindergarten, and the introduction of the case management to perform the comprehensive education service, while maintaining the education facilities and the basic functions of kindergarten.

비틀림 진동 하중을 받는 말뚝 기초의 지반 강성에 관한 연구

김영수,김화중,서인식 경북대학교 산업기술연구소 1990 産業技術硏究誌 Vol.18 No.-

To investigate the effects of soil properties of the soft zone around a pile subjected to the torsional harmonic vibration, the parametric study is performed. The determination of the soil reaction or stiffness of the Winkler springs representing the soil around a pile is performed by dividing the soil profile into inner field and outer field. The conclusions obtained from this study are as follows : 1) In shear modulus, poisson ratios, density, damping ratio, and the distance to outer boundary, the real parts of the stiffness do not show variation but the imaginary parts show clear variation as the dimensionless frequency increases. 2) The real and imaginary parts of the stiffness increase as the shear modulus ratio and the density ratio increase. 3) The stiffnesses do not show variations to the ratio of poisson's ratio and the ratio of damping ratio.

B형 간염바이러스의 태아와 성인간세포에 대한 감염성 해명 연구

정태호,김성국,서화정,윤영국,임종완,차상호,Chung, Tae-Ho 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1997 慶北醫大誌 Vol.38 No.2

목적 : 사람의 태아와 성인의 간세포에 B형 간염바이러스의 감염도를 비교 분석함으로써 HBV와 간세포간의 친화도내지는 HBV 수용체에 관한 정보를 얻고자 함. 대상 및 방법 : 성인이 외상을 입어 부득이 손상된 간조직을 절제하였을 경우와 모자보건법상 임신지속이 어려운 상태에서 부인과적 수술시 21주 전후의 태아 간조직을 얻어 DMEM 을 배지로 50% 용량으로 HBsAg 양성인 사람 혈청을 가하여 5일간 체외 배양하고 병리조직학적 처리후 효소면역학적 방법으로 HBsAg 를 염색하여 바이러스의 존재 여부를 검색하였다. 결과 : 태아와 성인 간조직을 5일간 체외 배양하였을 때 그 조직상은 간조직임을 인지할 수 있었다. HBV 의 감염여부는 DAKO 사의 효소면역법으로 조사한 결과 태아의 간조직에서는 HBsAg양성부위를 발견하지 못하였으나, 성인 간조직에서는 HBsAg 양성부위가 발견되었다. 결론 : 태생 21주 전후의 태아의 간세포는 HBV 와 친화도는 아주 미약하거나 없고, 성인 간세포는 HBV에 대한 친화도가 높다. 따라서 태생 21주의 간세포에는 HBV 의 감염이 어렵다는 것을 인지하게 되었다. Considerable progress has been made in the immune prophylaxis of hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection and in the understanding of its replication and pathogenecity at the molecular level. However, a convenient in vitro assay for HBV infectivity has been lacking and the early steps of viral life cycle are now yet well understood. Primary cultured human hepatocytes are reported to be susceptible to HBV 10-12, but these systems are not practical because they are short-lived and require primary explanted human liver. However, it is uncertain yet whether primary hepatocytes of human fetal liver are susceptible to HBV for infection or not. We have expanded the infectivity of HBV into a primary cultures of human fetal hepatocytes together with controversy of adult primary hepatocytes. To investigate the infectivity of HBV for adult and fetal hepatocytes After 5 day culturing fetal(1) and adult(2) liver tissues, which obtained from a surgical operation on DMEM culture media with half HBV positive serum, separating liver cells and fixing them, the existence of HBsAg antigen was investigated through the immuno-enzymatic staining. HBsAg stained area was not found in the 21 weeks gestation liver cells until 5 days of invitro-culture, while it was found in the adult liver cells. This test result showed that the HBV infection is very hard to happen in the liver cells 21 weeks gestation or prior one.

청각적 접근에 의한 리듬 패턴 즉흥 연주 재구성 방안

김서경,정경화 부산교육대학교 교육대학원 2004 논문집 Vol.6 No.-

Most of music educators say that music learning should be done by listening to real sounds and they also insist listening is the very first step of music education. When children learn their language, at first, they just hear, and start to speak as a response to their hearing, and it advances to reading and writing. This process is also applied to music education, students can play instruments and sing songs after listening to various music. If these two stages were fully achieved, they can finally make creative activities like an improvisation. Improvisation is the reorganization of compositions within some kinds of rules, so students can increase their creativity and understanding music through enacting and searching for musical ideas additionally musical memorizing 'cause playing without notations but just hearing. Thus, I suggested the way to induce ultimate students' response to what they listen and how for students to do an improvisation by just listening. Especially, I consider about how to reorganize the improvisations playing largely grounded on rhythm patterns that control the structure of music. The rhythm is regarded as fundamental in the music and also we can understand structure of compositions comprehending rhythm patterns first. It consists of tempo, accent, dynamics and pattern so that students can easily weave improvisation applied these four characters. Because students can approach to improvisation skill with the four factors featured above. Additionally, improvisation on the basis of rhythmic patterns can have influences on music compositions and this can allow students to taste diversity of music. I established four stages for an improvisation. It includes ① aural approach ② practicing rhythmic patterns ③ searching for improvisation strategies and playing ④ evaluation. At the same time, the contents of learning can be tempo, dynamics and form. Following this teaching method, students are able to do play an improvisation, finally. Especially, I attempted to show various kinds of rhythmic patterns to students in the aural approach stage. This effort is to allow them to listen manifold musical materials. Improvisation is not a special skill for someone who are gifted. If you can improve your sensitive reaction to music, anyone can do it. Eventually, we, as music educators, have to do a long-term study to develop teaching materials continuously and to forge educational plans for improvisation, and lastly we have to make a endeavor to obtain appropriate teaching method.

정부와의 협력이 장애인 복지시설(NPO)의 자율성과 관료화에 미친 영향 : 장애인 생활시설을 중심으로

서화자,김광혁 한국사회복지정책학회 2004 사회복지정책 Vol.18 No.-

본 연구는 비영리민간부문과 정부간 협력 방식을 통해 제공되는 사회복지서비스 형태인 비영리인간(장애인복지시설)조직의 자율성과 관료화에 미친 영향과 그 관련 변수를 밝히고자 하였다. 본 연구를 위해 전국의 장애인생활시설을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 선형회귀분석을 통해 연구문제를 검증하였다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 재정요인은 장애인 생활시설의 자율성과 관료화와 유의미하게 관련되어 있는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 정부지원의 비율이 작을수록 자율성의 정도가 큰 것으로 이것은 장애인 생활시설이 정부지원의 의존율을 줄이고 예산 수입을 다양화에 융통성 있는 기관운영과 서비스제공의 노력을 해야 한다는 점을 시사하고 있다. 둘째, 제도요인 역시 정부와의 협력으로 인한 문서작성과 평가가 장애인 생활시설의 자율성과 관료화와 유의미하게 관련되어 있음을 알 수 있었다. 구체적으로 정부가 제출하기를 원하는 문서의 양이 과다해 고유 업무에 지장을 초래하며 이것은 자율성을 낮추는 원인이 되고 있다. 셋째, 민간조직요인은 생활시설의 규모를 측정한 장애인 수가 자율성과 관료화에 유의미한 관계를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 개인 요인은 공무원의 전공이 자율성과 유의미하게 관련된 것으로 나타났다. 또한 장애인 생활시설자의 근무경력과 전공이 관료화와 유의미한 관련성을 보였다. This study investigates the relation between public-private partnership that operates the administrative change of the non-profit organization(institution of social welfare for the handicapped). In order to examin the relation, this study researched 214 not-profit agencies of the nationwide. The study selected non-profit agencies by the randomized sampling process. Major finding of the current study are as follow : the financial factor of the public-private partnership is significantly related with autonomy, bureaucracy and mission of the nonprofit organization. Second, the institutional factor of the public-private partnership is significantly related with autonomy, bureaucracy and mission of the nonprofit organization. Second, the institutional factor of the public-private partnership is significantly related with autonomy, bureaucracy and mission of the nonprofit organization. Last, the personal factor of the public-private partnership is significantly related with autonomy, bureaucracy and mission of the nonprofit organization.

'뜰집' 平面의 行列間 分化에 관한 硏究 : 盈德地方의 '뜰집'을 中心으로

徐京泰,金華峰 新羅大學校 1996 論文集 Vol.41 No.1

This paper tried to find out the planning charactristics of □-shaped house in Young-Deok area. One of typical type of Korean Traditional Residence in high class is □-shaped house. This type is called 'Tturjip' in An-Dong area. In Young-Deok, which is the east end of An-Dong area, there are many 'Tturjip'. They are same types of inner-court houses, but their plans are different from one another. They showed gradually complicated style. And they expressed typical use of limited space in inner-courted plan. With the division of X, Y-axis, We analized the characteristics of various plans. The conclusions are as follow: The first character of 'Tturjip' in Young-Deok is the plan's variety. The variety includes two axis division in 'Tturjip'. In female-area, spaces are divided well Y-axis direction than X-axis. But, in male-area, spaces are parted from X-axis to Y-axis gradually. The second is that the division of space showed active element and passive element in space of 'Tturjip'. Active element is belonging or appended space and passive element is essential or nesessary space.

장애인생활시설의 환경·위생문제 개선 연구 : EM(Effective Microorganism)효과성의 실증적 검증

서화자,김홍남,김광혁 대구대학교 특수교육재활과학연구소 2004 특수교육재활과학연구 Vol.43 No.2

장애인 생활시설의 환경·위생문제 특히, 악취 및 피부질환의 문제 해결에 대한 EM의 효과성을 검증하기 위한 본 연구의 검증 결과는 다음과 같다. 실험대상기관인 A-1원은 사전조사 시 생활시설에서 측정된 평균 악취도 3(대략 2-4)이 사후조사 시 평균 1(대략 1-2) 정도로 감소되었다. 그러나 통제대상기관인 A-2원의 생활시설과 물리치료실, 화장실 등의 경우 사전(악취도 3-4)과 사후검사(악취도 3-4)가 큰 차이가 없게 나타나 실험대상기관을 통한 EM의 효과성 검증을 뒷받침하고 있다. 또한 피부질환을 앓고 있는 A-2원과 A-1원의 생활인을 대상으로 한 EM의 효과검증 결과는 다음과 같다. 먼저 무좀 질환의 경우, 피부에 나타났던 각질 증상이 크게 호전되었으며, 죽은 손톱과 발톱이 부식되고, 새 손톱과 발톱이 자라나는 현상을 보였다. 그러나 무좀 질환의 경우, 그 호전 정도가 더디게 나타나는 경향이 있었다. 손톱과 발톱이 부식되고 새로 자라나는 시간이 길기 때문인 것으로 풀이된다. 또한 손에 심한 아토피 증상을 보인 생활인의 경우 EM적용 10여일 만에 증상이 완전히 사라지는 효과를 보였으며, 출생 시부터 전신 피부각질 증상에 시달리던 생활인의 경우, 각질이 떨어지고, 새로운 피부가 생성되는 효과를 보였다. 또한, EM의 사용으로 인한 여타 부작용 및 문제는 발생하지 않았다. 이러한 결과에 의한 EM의 효과성 검증은 장애인 생활환경 개선과 위생 증진에 좋은 모델을 제시할 분야가 될 것으로 기대된다. This study verified the effectiveness of EM(Effective Micro-organism) to solve the hygienic and the environmental problems: odour and skin disease in institution of social welfare for persons with disabilities The result is as following below. The average odour degree of A-1 institution before applying EM was 3 (about 2 - 4), and the average odour degree decreased to 1 (about 1 - 2) after applying EM. This experiment demonstrates the effectiveness of EM successfully within a short time(48 days). Second institution, A-2 without EM showed no change in odour degree before or after 48days. This result also proves the effectiveness of EM. Another experiment was proceeded. The EM would be applied to the patients with skin disorder in both A-1 and A-2 institution. The patients with athlete's foot and horny substance were cured. Their dead finer and toe nail would be removed and new nails would grow. However, the patients with athlete's foot seemed to have slower recovery than others because nails take long time to grow. The patients with serious atopic symptoms in their hands had a complete recovery within 10 days and in the case of patients who had horny substance in their skin from their birth, the horny substance was removed and new skin tissue grew. Lastly, there were no signs of side effect from EM application.

개에서 피지선 과형성의 진단 및 치료 증례

박희서,손화영,정성목,송근호,조종기,이영원,신상태,김명철,김덕환,박성준 충남대학교 수의과대학 동물의과학연구소 2004 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.12 No.-

An eleven year old castrated male Maltese was presented to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Chungnam National University. In physical examination, approximately 0.5 cm round mass was observed on tail base. This small elevated mass has also shown alopecic and firm configuration. It was differentially diagnosed as sebaceous adenoma and hyperplasia by fine needle aspiration. After surgical removal, the sample was diagnosed as sebaceous hyperplasia by histopathological examination. It has not yet shown any signs of recurrence and prognosis has teen good.

B형 간염바이러스의 태아와 성인간세포에 대한 감염성 해명 연구

정태호,김성국,서화정,윤영국,임종완,차상호 경북대학교 의학연구소 1999 경북대학교병원의학연구소논문집 Vol.3 No.1

사람의 태아와 성인의 간세포에 대한 B형 간염바이러스의 감염도를 비교 분석함으로써 HBV 와 간세포간의 친화도내지는 HBV 수용체에 관한 정보를 얻고자 함 대상 및 방법 : 성인이 외상을 입어 부득이 손상된 간조직을 절제하였을 경우와 모자보건법상 임신지속이 어려운 상태에서 부인과적 수술시 21주 전후의 태아 간조직을 얻어 DMEM 을 배지로 50% 용량으로 HBsAg 양성인 사람 혈청을 가하여 5일간 체외 배양하고 병리조직학적 처리후 효소 면역학적 방법으로 HBsAg 를 염색하여 바이러스의 존재 여부를 검색하였다. 결과 : 태아와 성인 간조직을 5일간 체외 배양하였을 때 그 조직상은 간조직임을 인지할 수 있었다. HBV 의 감염여부는 DAKO 사의 효소면역 법으로 조사한 결과 태아의 간조직에서는 HBsAg 양성부위를 발견하지 못하였으나, 성인 간조직에서는 HBsAg 양성부위가 발견되었다. 결론 : 태생 21주 전후의 태아의 간세포는 HBV 와 친화도는 아주 미약하거나 없고, 성인 간세포는 HBV에 대한 친화도가 높다. 따라서 태생 21주의 간세포에는 HBV 의 감염이 어렵다는 것을 인지하게 되었다. Considerable progress has been made in the immune prophylaxis of hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection and in the understanding of its replication and pathogenecity at the molecular level. However, a convenient in vitro assay for HBV infectivity has been lacking and the early steps of viral life cycle are now yet well understood. Primary cultured human hepatocytes are reported to be susceptible to HBV 10-12, but these systems are not practical because they are short-lived and require primary explanted human liver. However, it is uncertain yet whether primary hepatocytes of human fetal liver are susceptible to HBV for infection or not. We have expanded the infectivity of HBV into a primary cultures of human fetal hepatocytes together with controversy of adult primary hepatocytes. To investigate the infectivity of HBV for, adult and fetal hepatocytes After 5 day culturing fetal(1) and adult(2) liver tissues, which obtained from a surgical operation on DMEM culture media with half HBV positive serum, separating liver cells and fixing them, the existence of HBsAg antigen was investigated through the immuno-enzymatic staining. HBsAg stained area was not found in the 21 weeks gestation liver cells until 5 days of invitro-culture, while it was found in the adult liver cells. This test result showed that the HBV infection is very hard to happen in the liver cells 21 weeks gestation or prior one.