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( Sarah Nicholas ),( Dimitris Mathios ),( Jacob Ruzevick ),( Christopher Jackson ),( Isaac Yang ),( Michael Lim ) 대한뇌종양학회·대한신경종양학회·대한소아뇌종양학회 2013 Brain Tumor Research and Treatment Vol.1 No.1
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary brain cancer. Even with aggressive combination therapy, the median life expectancy for patients with GBM remains approximately 14 months. In order to improve the outcomes of patients with GBM, the development of newer treatments is critical. The concept of using the immune system as a therapeutic option has been suggested for several decades; by harnessing the body`s adaptive immune mechanisms, immunotherapy could provide a durable and targeted treatment against cancer. However, many cancers, including GBM, have developed mechanisms that protect tumor cells from being recognized and eliminated by the immune system. For new immunotherapeutic regimens to be successful, overcoming immunosuppression via immune checkpoint signaling should be taken into consideration.
The SAMI Galaxy Survey: Mass as the Driver of the Kinematic Morphology-Density Relation in Clusters
Brough, Sarah,van de Sande, Jesse,Owers, Matt S.,d’Eugenio, Francesco,Sharp, Rob,Cortese, Luca,Scott, Nicholas,Croom, Scott M.,Bassett, Rob,Bekki, Kenji,Bland-Hawthorn, Joss,Bryant, Julia J.,Davies, R American Astronomical Society 2017 The Astrophysical journal Vol.844 No.1
<P>We examine the kinematic morphology of early-type galaxies (ETGs) in eight galaxy clusters in the Sydney-AAO Multi-object Integral-field spectrograph Galaxy Survey. The clusters cover a mass range of 14.2 < log(M-200/M-circle dot) < 15.2 and we measure spatially resolved stellar kinematics for 315 member galaxies with stellar masses 10.0 < log(M-*/M-circle dot) <= 11.7 within 1 R-200 of the cluster centers. We calculate the spin parameter, lambda(R), and use this to classify the kinematic morphology of the galaxies as fast or slow rotators (SRs). The total fraction of SRs in the ETG population is F-SR = 0.14 +/- 0.02 and does not depend on host cluster mass. Across the eight clusters, the fraction of SRs increases with increasing local overdensity. We also find that the slow-rotator fraction increases at small clustercentric radii (R-cl < 0.3 R-200), and note that there is also an increase in the slow-rotator fraction at R-cl similar to 0.6 R-200. The SRs at these larger radii reside in the cluster substructure. We find that the strongest increase in the slow-rotator fraction occurs with increasing stellar mass. After accounting for the strong correlation with stellar mass, we find no significant relationship between spin parameter and local overdensity in the cluster environment. We conclude that the primary driver for the kinematic morphology-density relationship in galaxy clusters is the changing distribution of galaxy stellar mass with the local environment. The presence of SRs in the substructure suggests that the cluster kinematic morphology-density relationship is a result of mass segregation of slow-rotating galaxies forming in groups that later merge with clusters and sink to the cluster center via dynamical friction.</P>
Fine-mapping identifies two additional breast cancer susceptibility loci at 9q31.2
Orr, Nick,Dudbridge, Frank,Dryden, Nicola,Maguire, Sarah,Novo, Daniela,Perrakis, Eleni,Johnson, Nichola,Ghoussaini, Maya,Hopper, John L.,Southey, Melissa C.,Apicella, Carmel,Stone, Jennifer,Schmidt, M IRL Press 2015 Human molecular genetics Vol.24 No.10
<P>We recently identified a novel susceptibility variant, rs865686, for estrogen-receptor positive breast cancer at 9q31.2. Here, we report a fine-mapping analysis of the 9q31.2 susceptibility locus using 43 160 cases and 42 600 controls of European ancestry ascertained from 52 studies and a further 5795 cases and 6624 controls of Asian ancestry from nine studies. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs676256 was most strongly associated with risk in Europeans (odds ratios [OR] = 0.90 [0.88–0.92]; <I>P</I>-value = 1.58 × 10<SUP>−25</SUP>). This SNP is one of a cluster of highly correlated variants, including rs865686, that spans ∼14.5 kb. We identified two additional independent association signals demarcated by SNPs rs10816625 (OR = 1.12 [1.08–1.17]; <I>P</I>-value = 7.89 × 10<SUP>−09</SUP>) and rs13294895 (OR = 1.09 [1.06–1.12]; <I>P</I>-value = 2.97 × 10<SUP>−11</SUP>). SNP rs10816625, but not rs13294895, was also associated with risk of breast cancer in Asian individuals (OR = 1.12 [1.06–1.18]; <I>P</I>-value = 2.77 × 10<SUP>−05</SUP>). Functional genomic annotation using data derived from breast cancer cell-line models indicates that these SNPs localise to putative enhancer elements that bind known drivers of hormone-dependent breast cancer, including ER-α, FOXA1 and GATA-3. <I>In vitro</I> analyses indicate that rs10816625 and rs13294895 have allele-specific effects on enhancer activity and suggest chromatin interactions with the <I>KLF4</I> gene locus. These results demonstrate the power of dense genotyping in large studies to identify independent susceptibility variants. Analysis of associations using subjects with different ancestry, combined with bioinformatic and genomic characterisation, can provide strong evidence for the likely causative alleles and their functional basis.</P>
Ambar Rafael F.,Agarwal Ashok,Majzoub Ahmad,Vij Sarah,Tadros Nicholas N.,Cho Chak-Lam,Parekh Neel,Borges Edson,Glina Sidney 대한남성과학회 2021 The World Journal of Men's Health Vol.39 No.3
The advent of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) has changed the human reproduction landscape by overcoming several limitations related to both male and female infertility factors. However, despite the development of new technologies, the live-birth rate with ICSI has not exceeded 30%. In order to improve assisted reproductive technology outcomes, advanced sperm function analysis have gained increased attention and the effects of sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) on assisted repro-duction success are being extensively studied. Utilizing ejaculated sperm with an elevated SDF has been found to result in poor ICSI outcomes. Furthermore, studies have reported that testicular sperm has lower SDF level, when compared to ejacu-lated sperm. This has led a number of clinicians world-wide to offer testicular sperm retrieval for ICSI in non-azoospermic males with high SDF. This practice has remained controversial due to lack of high quality evidence.
The SAMI Galaxy Survey: revising the fraction of slow rotators in IFS galaxy surveys
van de Sande, Jesse,Bland-Hawthorn, Joss,Brough, Sarah,Croom, Scott M.,Cortese, Luca,Foster, Caroline,Scott, Nicholas,Bryant, Julia J.,d'Eugenio, Francesco,Tonini, Chiara,Goodwin, Michael,Konstantopou Oxford University Press 2017 MONTHLY NOTICES- ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY Vol.472 No.2
<P>The fraction of galaxies supported by internal rotation compared to galaxies stabilized by internal pressure provides a strong constraint on galaxy formation models. In integral field spectroscopy surveys, this fraction is biased because survey instruments typically only trace the inner parts of the most massive galaxies. We present aperture corrections for the two most widely used stellar kinematic quantities V/sigma and lambda(R) (spin parameter proxy). Our demonstration involves integral field data from the SAMI (Sydney-AAO Multi-object Integral-field spectrograph) Galaxy Survey and the ATLAS(3D) survey. We find a tight relation for both V/sigma and lambda(R) when measured in different apertures that can be used as a linear transformation as a function of radius, i.e. a first-order aperture correction. In degraded seeing, however, the aperture corrections are more significant as the steeper inner profile is more strongly affected by the point spread function than the outskirts. We find that V/sigma and lambda(R) radial growth curves are well approximated by second-order polynomials. By only fitting the inner profile (0.5R(e)), we successfully recover the profile out to one R-e if a constraint between the linear and quadratic parameter in the fit is applied. However, the aperture corrections for V/sigma and lambda(R) derived by extrapolating the profiles perform as well as applying a first-order correction. With our aperture-corrected lambda(R) measurements, we find that the fraction of slow rotating galaxies increases with stellar mass. For galaxies with log M-*/M-circle dot > 11, the fraction of slow rotators is 35.9 +/- 4.3 per cent, but is underestimated if galaxies without coverage beyond one R-e are not included in the sample (24.2 +/- 5.3 per cent). With measurements out to the largest aperture radius, the slow rotator fraction is similar as compared to using aperture-corrected values (38.3 +/- 4.4 per cent). Thus, aperture effects can significantly bias stellar kinematic integral field spectrograph studies, but this bias can now be removed with the method outlined here.</P>
Van Le Thu Hoang,Jean-Thomas Pierson,Merril Carmel Curry,Paul Nicholas Shaw,Ralf Georg Dietzgen,Michael John Gidley,Sarah Jane Roberts-Thomson,Gregory Raymond Monteith 한국식품과학회 2015 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.24 No.1
Bioactivities of peel and flesh extracts of 3 genetically diverse mango (Mangifera indica L.) varieties were studied. Nam Doc Mai peel extracts, containing the largest amounts of polyphenols, were associated with an effect on MCF-7 viable cell numbers with an IC50 (dose required for 50% inhibition of cell viability) of 56 μg/mL and significantly (p<0.01) induced cell death in MDA-MB- 231 cells, compared with other varieties. Hydrophilic fractions of Nam Doc Mai peel extracts had the highest bioactivity values against both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Soluble polyphenols were present in the largest amounts in most hydrophilic fractions. The Nam Doc Mai mango variety contains high levels of fruit peel bioactivity, which appears to be related to the nature of the polyphenol composition.
THE SAMI GALAXY SURVEY: REVISITING GALAXY CLASSIFICATION THROUGH HIGH-ORDER STELLAR KINEMATICS
Sande, Jesse van de,Bland-Hawthorn, Joss,Fogarty, Lisa M. R.,Cortese, Luca,d’Eugenio, Francesco,Croom, Scott M.,Scott, Nicholas,Allen, James T.,Brough, Sarah,Bryant, Julia J.,Cecil, Gerald,Colless, Ma American Astronomical Society 2017 The Astrophysical journal Vol.835 No.1
<P>Recent cosmological hydrodynamical simulations suggest that integral field spectroscopy can connect the high-order stellar kinematic moments h(3) (similar to skewness) and h(4) (similar to kurtosis) in galaxies to their cosmological assembly history. Here, we assess these results by measuring the stellar kinematics on a sample of 315 galaxies, without a morphological selection, using two-dimensional integral field data from the SAMI Galaxy Survey. Proxies for the spin parameter (lambda(Re)) and ellipticity (epsilon(e)) are used to separate fast and slow rotators; there exists a good correspondence to regular and non-regular rotators, respectively, as also seen in earlier studies. We confirm that regular rotators show a strong h(3) versus V/sigma s anti-correlation, whereas quasi-regular and non-regular rotators show a more vertical relation in h(3) and V/sigma. Motivated by recent cosmological simulations, we develop an alternative approach to kinematically classify galaxies from their individual h(3) versus V/sigma signatures. Within the SAMI Galaxy Survey, we identify five classes of high-order stellar kinematic signatures using Gaussian mixture models. Class 1 corresponds to slow rotators, whereas Classes 2-5 correspond to fast rotators. We find that galaxies with similar lambda(Re)-epsilon(e) -values can show distinctly different h(3)-V/sigma signatures. Class 5 objects are previously unidentified fast rotators that show a weak h(3) versus V/sigma anti-correlation. From simulations, these objects are predicted to be disk-less galaxies formed by gas-poor mergers. From morphological examination, however, there is evidence for large stellar disks. Instead, Class 5 objects are more likely disturbed galaxies, have counter-rotating bulges, or bars in edge-on galaxies. Finally, we interpret the strong anti-correlation in h(3) versus V/sigma as evidence for disks in most fast rotators, suggesting a dearth of gas-poor mergers among fast rotators.</P>