상부소화관출혈에 있어서 내시경적 분말약제산포의 효과

김상균,조주영,송상훈,김진오,이준성,이문성,심찬섭 순천향의학연구소;Soonchunhyang Medical Research Institute 2000 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.6 No.1

Background : Bleeding after endoscopic procedure of the stomach carries an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. In case of oozing hemorrhage, not in active hemorrhage, powdered sodium alginate may play a role in control of bleeding with convenience. Therefore, we evaluated the clinical effect and efficacy of sodium alginate powder in upper G-Ⅰ bleeding. Methods : Forty-five patients who had upper G-Ⅰ bleeding after endoscopic procedure were enrolled in this study. Twenty-five patients of them were managed by the application of powder preparation of Sodium alginate(ALTO). The others were observed without treatment. The next day, we performed endoscopy in all patients to ascertain the hemostasis. Results : Of 25 patients managed with Sodium alginate, only two patients(8%) had bleeding (hemostatic rate : 92%), On the other hand, of 20 patients who did not receive any treatment, 3 patient(15%) had bleeding (hemostatic rate : 85%). There was no statistical difference between the two groups(p>0.05). Using other endoscopic procedure, We successfully treated the patient who continued to bleed. Conclusion : We evaluated the effect of the spary of sodium alginate on oozing hemorrhage. Although there was no statistical significance in our study, it seems that the spray of sodium alginate may be a useful method for the prevention of bleeding after endoscopic procedure.

性別 및 年齡에 따른 體格과 體力의 特性과 變化에 關한 縱斷的 硏究 Ⅰ : 體育專攻 大學生을 中心으로 Emphasised on College Men of Physical Education

金尙國,姜東洹,金昇一,徐再均,金耕知,孫斗玉,鮮于攝,崔榮烈,尹宇相,金亨燉,方永鎭,李錫元 慶熙大學校 體育科學大學 1988 體育科學論叢 Vol.- No.1

The purpose of this study was to compare the characterists and change in physique and physical function by college student of physical education major(287males and 40 females of age groups ranging from 18 to 26). The results were as following; 1) The characteristics of physique and physical function by sex and age. ① The male group of 18yrs old showed higher values in Height, Weight, Upper Limb Length, Strength, Flexibility, and Vital Capacity than any other groups, but female group showed lower values in Height, Weight, Chest Girth, Lower Limb Length, Thigh, Girth, Calf Girth and all of the Physical function. ② The male group of 19yrs old showed high values in power and Agility, then female group showed in Strength and Flexibility. ③ The male group of 20yrs old showed the lower values in Weight, Waist Girth, Upper Limb Length, Fore Arm Girth, Thigh Girh.Calf Girth, Vital Capacity, and female group are very lowed in Upper Arm Lenght, Fore Arm Length, Skin Fold Thickness and 5 minute Run. ④ The male group of 23yrs old showed the high values in Upper Arm Girth, Fore Arm Girth and Balance, and then female group higher in Weight, Chest Girth, Waist Girth, Upper Arm Girth, Fore Arm Girth, Thigh Girth, Power, Shuttle Run, Balance and vital capacity than any other age Groups. ⑤ In male group, Chest Girth, and Blood Pressure were significantly related, and Side Step and Trunk Extension were nagatively related to the age at 0.1% level, and then in female group, Sargent Jump, Standing Long Jump and Vital Capacity were showed a significantly related at 0.5% level. 2) The difference of physique and physical function between male and female by age. ① Everage difference in whole physique items except skinfold thickness was 9.8%, and that 21.1% in all of physical function except Trunk Flextion between male and female group subjects. ② About the ages, the 18yrs old male group showed the 22.8% higher values of 26 items, but 22yrs old male group were about 12.2% in 23 items, thus it is very lower than any other groups. 3) The difference of physique and physical function between General group and physical education group in age-matched. ① In the physique male physical education groups showed about 7% higher in Weight, Chest Girth, Upper Limb Length, Upper Arm Girth, Thigh Girth, and female group showed about 7% higher in Weight and Upper Limb Length. ② In the physical function, Trunk Flextion, 5 minute Run, and Blood Pressure(Diastolic) were about 8% high values in whole group, and female group showed about 8% higher in Standing Long Jump, Shuttle Run, and Trunk Extension. ③ In 22yrs old male and female physical education group were very dominated in physique and physical function than the other age group against the general group.

性別 및 年齡에 따른 體格과 體力의 特性과 變化에 關한 縱斷的 硏究Ⅱ : Emphasised on College Men of Department of Physical Education 體育專功 大學生을 中心으로

金尙國,姜東洹,張周鎬,金昇一,徐再均,金耕知,孫斗玉,鮮于攝,崔榮烈,尹宇相,金亨燉,方永鎭,朴英震,柳在忠 慶熙大學校 體育科學大學 1989 體育科學論叢 Vol.- No.2

The purpose of this study was to compare the characteristics, change in physique and physical function of college students majoring physical education and Taekwondo (454 males and 64 females of age groups ranging from 18 to 26). The results are as following: 1. The male group of 23yrs old in physical education showed highest values in 7 items(Weight, Chest Girth, Fore Arm Girth, Thigh Girth, Calf Girth, Scapular Skinfold Thickness and Suprailiac Skinfold Thickness). 2. In the Physical function, the male group of 18yrs old showed highest values in Power, Flexibility, and then 21yrs old at Back Strength, Vital Capacity, and 23yrs old at Grip Strength, and 25yrs old at Blood Pressure, respectively. 3. In the physique, the male group of 22yrs old showed highest values in Weight, Chest Girth, Thigh Girth, Calf Girth, and then 24yrs old Upper Arm Girth, Fore Arm Girth, and 19yrs old at Height, Upper Limb Length, respectively. 4. In Physical Function, the 22yrs old showed highest values in Back Strength, Vital Capacity, and then 23yrs old at Side Step, Trunk Extension, but 18yrs old showed lower Values in Grip Strength, Side Step, Vital Capacity and Blood Pressure. 5. The female group of 22yrs old showed highest values in 8 items(Height, Sitting Height, Waist Girth, Upper Limb Length, Lower Limb Length, Skinfold Thickness), and then 18yrs old at 5 items (Weight, Upper Arm Girth, Fore Arm Girth, Thigh Girth, Calf Girth), respectively. 6. In the physical function, the 22yrs old showed highest Values in Grip strength, Back Strength, Power, 5 Minute Run, and 18yrs old at flexibility, Harvard Step Test, respectively. 7. In the change of the physique for two years(1988-1989) in the male group, majoring Physical education the 22yrs old showed increase in 4 items, and the 20yrs old in 3 items, but 18yrs old showed decrease in 3 items. 8. In the change of the physical function for two years in the male group, the 20yrs old showed increase in 4 items, and the 21, 25, 26yrs old in 3 items, but the 19yrs old showed decrease in 6 items, and 18, 22 yrs old in 5 items, respectively. 9. The change of the physique for two years in all female group, of 18, 19, 20, 21yrs old showed increase in 11 items except Skinfold Thickness. 10. In the change of physical function for two years in female group, the 18yrs old showed increase in 3 items, and then 20yrs old in 5 items, but 19, 22yrs old decreased 12 items, respectively. 11. The highest significant difference in physique between male and female was found in weight(mean Value 17.5%), and the lowest difference was found Thigh Girth, Calf Girth(1,3%), Upper Limb Length, Lower Limb Length(2.5%). 12. The Highest difference in physical function was Strength (mean Value 40%), Vital Capacity (33%), Power(22%), but Lower Trunk Flexion, Foot Balance(3.4%). 13. In the difference of Physique and physical function between physical education major and taekwondo major, the physical education showed higher values in skinfold Thickines (mean Value 16.5%), Weight, Waist Girth(4.7%) and Strength(33%), Endurance(5.6%), but subjects majoring Taekwondo showed higher values in Flexibility and Foot Balance. 14. In all male groups, Waist Girth, Scapular Skinfold Thickness, Back Strength, Sargent Jump, Trunk Extension and Diastolic Blood Pressure were showed a significantly related at 0.001 level.

비행청소년과 일반청소년의 도덕발달 차이연구

김상균(Kim Sang Gyun) 한국공안행정학회 2005 한국공안행정학회보 Vol.21 No.-

최근 학교폭력, 청소년 성매매, 마약, 가출 등 청소년에 의한 범죄와 비행이날로 증가하고 있다.1) 이러한 상황은 자라나는 청소년들에게 급변하는 사회환경에 적절하게 대응할 수 있는 올바른 가치관과 도덕성 함양기능을 제대로 수행하지 못한 결과가 아닌가 생각한다. 최근 일각에서 청소년을 대상으로 한 인성교육의 중요성이 부각되고 있는 것은 다행스런 점이 있다. 이 논문은 Kohlberg(1976)의 도덕발달이론을 논거로 하여 비행청소년과 정상청소년간의 도덕적 추론능력의 차이를 비교한 연구이다. 그에 의하면 도덕의 발달단계에 따라 도덕적 지향의 형태가 달라지고, 도덕적 판단력의 형성에 있어서의 차이는 도덕적 행위나 비도덕적 행위에 관련이 있다고 한다. 논문에서 비행청소년의 도덕적 추론능력을 검증한 결과, 비행청소년은 전인습적 도덕성에 속하는 1, 2단계에 속하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 또 이를 정상청소년을 준거집단으로 한 비교분석을 해 본 결과, 전인습적 도덕성에 속하는 1단계에서 유의한 차이가 있음이 밝혀졌으며, 이 외에 인습적 도덕성에 속하는 대인간의 조화와 순종의 단계에서도 유의한 차이가 발견되었다. 3단계인 대인간의 조화와 순종단계에서도 정상청소년과 유의한 차이가 있다는 의미는 비행청소년이 대인관계의 기술면에서 부족하다는 것을 나타낸다. 그 외의 단계에서는 비행청소년과 정상 청소년 간에 유의한 차이가 발견되지 않았지만 정상청소년은 콜버그의 도덕적 발달단계에서 상위단계에서도 비교적 높은 점수를 나타내고 있음을 볼 수 있다. 이러한 연구결과는 청소년을 대상으로 도덕성 함양교육 내지 인성교육이 중요함을 시사하고 있다. The purpose of the present study were to compare of moral development level between delinquent adolescences and normal adolescences, and the helpful date in understanding and guiding the delinquent adolescences. Based on the previous studies and Kohlberg's Moral development theory, it was hypothesized that there are difference of total and subfactoric moral development degree between delinquent adolescences and normal adolescences. Subject for the study were 298 boys(middle school:48/high school: 120/delinquent : 130) in Dae-Jeon. They were examine in Kohlberg's Moral development scale which rewrited by Kim Sang Gyun. Statistical methods applied for the present study was mean, standard deviation, and t-test. The statistical computation were done by SPSS 8.0 computer programs. Following conclusions were derived from the results and the discussion. 1. Hypothesis 1 was accepted. Delinquent adolescences had high score on moral development's means compare with normal adolescences. 2. Hypothesis 2 was partially accepted. Delinquent adolescences showed lower "stage 1, stage 2, stage 3" than normal adolescences. However, there were no significant differences of " stage 4, stage 5 and stage 6"

비행청소년과 일반청소년의 도덕발달 차이연구

김상균(Kim Sang Gyun) 한국공안행정학회 2005 한국공안행정학회보 Vol.20 No.-

The purpose of the present study were to compare of moral development level between delinquent adolescences and normal adolescences, and the help-ful date in understanding and guiding the delinquent adolescences. Based on the previous studies and Kohlberg's Moral development theory, it was hypothesized that there are difference of total and subfactoric moral development degree between delinquent adolescences and normal adolescences. Subject for the study were 298 boys(middle school:48/high school: 120/delinquent : 130) in Dae-Jeon. They were examine in Kohlberg's Moral development scale which rewrited by Kim Sang Gyun. Statistical methods applied for the present study was mean, standard deviation, and t-test. The statistical computation were done by SPSS 8.0 computer programs. Following conclusions were derived from the results and the discussion. 1. Hypothesis 1 was accepted. Delinquent adolescences had high score on moral development's means compare with normal adolescences. 2. Hypothesis 2 was partially accepted. Delinquent adolescences showed lower "stage 1, stage 2, stage 3" than normal adolescences. However, there were no significant differences of " stage 4, stage 5 and stage 6 " 최근 학교폭력, 청소년 성매매, 마약, 가출 등 청소년에 의한 범죄와 비행이날로 증가하고 있다.1) 이러한 상황은 자라나는 청소년들에게 급변하는 사회환경에 적절하게 대응할 수 있는 올바른 가치관과 도덕성 함양기능을 제대로 수행하지 못한 결과가 아닌가 생각한다. 최근 일각에서 청소년을 대상으로 한 인성교육의 중요성이 부각되고 있는 것은 다행스런 점이 있다. 이 논문은 Kohlberg(1976)의 도덕발달이론을 논거로 하여 비행청소년과 정상청소년간의 도덕적 추론능력의 차이를 비교한 연구이다. 그에 의하면 도덕의 발달단계에 따라 도덕적 지향의 형태가 달라지고, 도덕적 판단력의 형성에 있어서의 차이는 도덕적 행위나 비도덕적 행위에 관련이 있다고 한다. 논문에서 비행청소년의 도덕적 추론능력을 검증한 결과, 비행청소년은 전인습적 도덕성에 속하는 1, 2단계에 속하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 또 이를 정상청소년을 준거집단으로 한 비교분석을 해 본 결과, 전인습적 도덕성에 속하는 1단계에서 유의한 차이가 있음이 밝혀졌으며, 이 외에 인습적 도덕성에 속하는 대인간의 조화와 순종의 단계에서도 유의한 차이가 발견되었다. 3단계인 대인간의 조화와 순종단계에서도 정상청소년과 유의한 차이가 있다는 의미는 비행청소년이 대인관계의 기술면에서 부족하다는 것을 나타낸다. 그 외의 단계에서는 비행청소년과 정상 청소년 간에 유의한 차이가 발견되지 않았지만 정상청소년은 콜버그의 도덕적 발달단계에서 상위단계에서도 비교적 높은 점수를 나타내고 있음을 볼 수 있다. 이러한 연구결과는 청소년을 대상으로 도덕성 함양교육 내지 인성교육이 중요함을 시사하고 있다.

Clinicopathological role of kidney injury molecule-1 in immunoglobulin A nephropathy

( Yu Ho Lee ),( Yang-gyun Kim ),( Sang-ho Lee ),( Ju-young Moon ),( Kyung-hwan Jeong ),( Tae-won Lee ),( Chun-gyoo Ihm ) 대한신장학회 2014 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.33 No.3

Background: Urinary kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) is an early and sensitivebiomarker of acute kidney injury, but it is unclear if it is a biomarker of chronicglomerulonephritis. We evaluated whether urinary KIM-1 levels in patients withimmunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy can be a marker to reflect clinicopathologicalseverity and predict the prognosis. Methods: We measured urinary KIM-1 levels in 40 patients (15 males; mean age36.6712.9 years) with IgA nephropathy and 10 healthy people (5 males; mean age37.379.6 years) as controls. The correlation of urinary KIM-1 levels with patients’clinical parameters, histological grades, and follow-up data were analyzed using themodified H. S. Lee grading system and tubulointerstitial change scores. Results: Urinary KIM-1 levels were higher in patients with IgA nephropathy thanhealthy controls (P¼0.001). Univariate and multivariate regression analyses showedthat urinary KIM-1 levels had a direct correlation with H. S. Lee grade andtubulointerstitial inflammation (P¼0.004 and P¼0.011, respectively). Conclusion: In patients with IgA nephropathy, urinary KIM-1 has a significantcorrelation with histopathologic severity.

국내 다기관에서 조사한 지역사회획득 메티실린내성 황색포도알균의 빈도와 임상적 특성

송진수,최평균,송경호,조재현,김성한,방지환,이창섭,박경화,박경운,신수,최희정,김의석,김동민,이미숙,박완범,김남중,오명돈,김의종,김홍빈,최강원 대한감염학회 2006 감염과 화학요법 Vol.38 No.6

목적 : 최근 전세계적으로 지역사회획득 메티실린내성 황색포도알균(community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, CA-MRSA)의 보고가 증가하고 있다. 하지만, 우리나라에서는 CA-MRSA 감염증에 대한 증례보고만 있을 뿐 아직까지 체계적인 연구결과가 없는 실정이다. 저자들은 국내에서 CA-MRSA의 빈도, 감염증의 임상적 양상, 분리된 균주의 항균제내성 양상을 조사하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 2005년 1월부터 2005년 6월까지 7개 병원에서 MRSA가 분리된 환자의 명단을 파악한 후 의무기록지와 건강보험심사평가원의 자료를 검토하였다. 외래나 응급실에서 혹은 입원 후 72시간 이내에 균주가 분리되고 MRSA 획득과 관련된 위험인자가 없는 경우 CA-MRSA로 정의하였으며, 분리된 균주의 임상적 의미에 따라 원인병원체(pathogen), 집락화(colonizer), 미결정(undetermined)으로 분류하였다. Penicillin과 oxacillin을 제외하고 3개 이상의 다른 계열 항균제에 내성이면 다제내성으로 정의하였다. 결과 : 연구기간동안 총 3,251주의 황색포도알균이 분리되었으며, 이 중 MRSA는 1,900주(58.4%)였다. MRSA 가운데 CA-MRSA는 114주(6.0%) 였으며, 이들이 분리된 부위는 귀(62주), 비뇨기계(14주), 피부 및 연부조직(11주), 호흡기계(10주), 혈액(3주) 등이었다. CA-MRSA 균주 가운데 집락균은 22주, 원인병원체는 22주였으며, 나머지 균주에 대해서는 그 임상적 의미를 결정할 수 없었다. 항균제 감수성 검사를 시행한 73균주 중 47주(64.4%)는 다제내성이었다. CA-MRSA 감염증 22예 중 피부 및 연부조직 감염(9예)과 중이염/외이도염(9예)이 가장 흔하였다. 침습적 감염증(invasive infection)은 4명(원발성 균혈증 3예, 감염성 관절염 1예)에서 확인되었지만, CA-MRSA 감염증으로 사망한 환자는 없었다. 결론 : 병원내 감염증에서는 MRSA가 심각한 문제이지만, 아직까지 지역사회 감염증에서 CA-MRSA는 흔하지 않았다. Background : Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection has emerged in patients who do not have the established risk factors. In Korea, little is known about the epidemiology and clinical features of community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA). Material and Methods : Clinical microbiology laboratory databases of 7 hospitals were reviewed to identify the patients from whom MRSA was isolated during the period of January to July 2005. Only one isolate per patient was enrolled. In order to identify the risk factors of MRSA acquisition, the medical records and the Health Insurance Review Agency databases were reviewed. CA-MRSA was defined as MRSA isolated from patient without established risk factors. We analyzed patient demographics, underlying medical conditions, characteristics of infection, and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. Results : Of total 3,251 S. aureus isolates, 1900 (58.4%) were MRSAs. Of the MRSA isolates, 114 (6.0%) were CA-MRSA. Of 114 CA-MRSA isolates, 22 (19.3%) were colonizers, 22 (19.3%) were pathogens, and the clinical significance of remaining 70 (61.4%) could not be determined. Median age of the 22 patients with CA-MRSA disease was 47 years. Nine patients had skin and soft tissue infections, 9 ear infections, 3 bacteremia, 1 septic arthritis. Seven patients had underlying medical disease. None died of the CA-MRSA infections. Of the 73 isolates of CA-MRSA, 47 (64.4%) were resistant to more than 3 classes of antibiotics besides β-lactams. Conclusion : Although MRSA is highly prevalent among hospital-associated S. aureus infection, CA-MRSA infections are not common.

동종골수이식 후의 이식편대숙주 질환의 빈도와 임상양상 : 단일 병원 치료 경험 A Single Institution Experience

이규형,이제환,이정신,서철원,김상위,김성배,김정균,김신,김우건,김상희 대한조혈모세포이식학회 1997 대한조혈모세포이식학회지 Vol.2 No.1

배경: 이식편대숙주 질환은 동종골수 이식후 발생할 수 있는 가장 중요한 합병증의 하나이다. 일반적으로 이식편대숙주 질환이 서구에 비하여 한국을 비롯한 아시아 국가에서 드물다고 알려져 있다. 방법: 저자들은 1993년 12월부터 1997년 6월까지 동종골수이식을 받은 전체 44명의 환자를 대상으로 급성 및 만성 이식편대숙주 질환의 빈도와 임상 양상을 조사하여 분석하였다. 대상환자중 남자가 27명 (61%) 이었고, 여자가 17명 (39%)이었다. 중앙연령은 33.5세 (범위, 16-47세)였다. 17명은 급성골수성 백혈병, 6명은 급성림프구성백혈병, 11명은 만성골수성백혈병, 8명은 중증재생불량성빈혈, 1명은 골수이형성증후군, 그리고 나머지 1명은 신경아세포종(neuroblastoma) 환자였다. 이식편대숙주 질환 예방으로 methodtrexate와 cyclosporine복합요법을 시행하였다. 결과: 3명에서 급성 이식편대숙주 질환이 이식후 18일에서 48일 사이에 관찰되었다(빈도, 7%). 급성 이식편대숙주 질환정도는 3도, 2도 그리고 1도가 각 한명씩이었다. 4도 급성 이식편대숙주 질환은 관찰되지 않았다. 13명의 환자가 만성 이식편대숙주 질환을 경험하였다(30%). 이들 중 10예는 제한성 병변이었고 3예는 전신성 병변이었다. 만성 이식편대숙주 질환의 주된 발병 증상 또는 징후는 황달/간기능 이상(8예)과 구강점막병변(4예)이었다. 한 명의 환자가 이식 후 107일에 간 이식편대숙주 질환에 의한 간부전으로 사망하였다. 결론: 한국인 환자에서는 동종골수이식 후 급성 및 만성 이식편대숙주 질환의 빈도가 구미의 환자에 비하여 상대적으로 낮고 그 정도도 덜한 것으로 보인다. 한국인 환자에 가장 적합한 이식편대숙주 질환 예방 방법의 정립을 위한 계속적인 연구가 필요하다고 사료된다. Background: Graft-versus-host (GVHD) disease is one of the most important complications after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Generally, it has been known that graft-versus-host disease is less frequent after allogeneic BMT in Asian countries including Korea when compared to western countries. Methods: We investigated the frequency and clinical pattern of acute and chronic GVHD in 44 consecutive patients who underwent allogeneic BMT between December 1993 and June 1997. There were 27 male (61%) and 17 female (39%) patients with median age of 33.5 years (range, 16-47). Seventeen patients had acute myelocytic leukemia (AML), 6 acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), 11 chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML), 8 severe aplastic anemia (SAA), 1 myelodysplastic syndrome, and 1 neuroblastoma. Methotrexate/cyclosporine combination was given for acute GVHD prophylaxis. Results: There patients (7%) developed acute GVHD median 31 days (range, 18-48) after BMT. There were one grade 3 acute GVHD involving the liver. There was no patient with grade 4 acute GVHD. Thirteen patients (30%) developed chronic GVHD median 100 day (range, 53-266) after BMT. Ten cases were limited stage and 3 were extensive stage. Frequent initial manifestations of chronic GVHD were jaundice/liver function abnormality in 8 cases and oral mucosal lesion in 4 cases. One patient died due to liver failure which were felt to be seconday to chronic GVHD 107 days after BMT. Conclusion: Acute and chronic GVHD are less frequent in Korean patients after allogeneic BMT when compared to historical data from patients from western Europe or United States. In cases of chronic GVHD, mild forms of disease predominate. Optimal strategy for GVHD prophylaxis in Korean patients remains to be defined.

동종 골수 이식한 백혈병에서 단반복 유전자로 살펴본 혼합 키메라 현상의 의의

장대영,이정신,서철원,이규형,이제환,지현숙,박찬정,한면수,최동원,김정균,최성준,김성배,김상위,김우건,김상희 대한조혈모세포이식학회 1998 대한조혈모세포이식학회지 Vol.3 No.1

연구배경 : 동종 골수 이식한 백혈병에서 키메라 현상의 분석은 착상, 질병 재발과 이식 거부를 이해하는데 도움을 줄 수 있다. 최근 STR을 PCR로 증폭한 검사법에 의해 매우 민감하고 유용하게 혼합 키메라 현상을 검출할 수 있다고 보고되고 있으나, 이 방법의 민감도와 임상적 의의는 아직 완전히 정립되지는 않았다. 따라서 PCR-STR검사법이 혼합 키메라 현상을 민감하게 검출하는지 보고, 동종 골수 이식 후 혼합 키메라 현상의 변화 양상을 관찰하고, 키메라 현상의 임상적 의의를 보고자 하였다. 방법 : 형제로부터 동종 골수 이식한 급성 백혈병 6명과 만성 백혈병 2명의 모두 8명을 대상으로 하였다. 44개 골수 검체에서 phenol/chloroform방법에 의하여 단핵세포 DNA를 추출하였다. DNA는 CTT 삼중체, vWA와 amelogenin시발체를 이용하여 증폭하였다. 증폭 산물은 5% 폴리아크랄아미드 젤에서 전기영동 뒤 은 염색으로 확인하였다. 2명의 DNA를 여러 비율로 혼합하여 상기 검사를 하여 검출 가능 최소 농도를 결정하였다. 결과 : 상기 검사법의 검출 가능 최소농도는 0.25%였다. 혼합 키메라 현상은 8명중 4명에서 관찰되었다. 혼합 키메라 현상은 보인 1명에서 급성 및 만성 이식편대 숙주 질환이 나타났고, 완전 공여자 키메라 현상을 보인 1명에서 만성 이식편 대 숙주 질환이 나타났다. 점진적으로 증가하는 혼합 키메라 현상을 보인 2명은 이식 후 12개월에 질병 재발을 보였으나, 완전 공여자 키메라 현상을 보인 경우엔 재발이 관찰되지 않았다. 결론 : PCR-STR검사법은 동종 골수 이식 후 남아 있는 환자 세포를 검출하고 키메라 현상을 관찰하는데 유용한 방법이다. 또한 이 검사법은 동종 골수 이식 후 재발의 조기 진단, 이식편 대 숙주 질환의 평가와 면역 관용에 임상적으로 응용할 수 있으리라 생각한다. Background : Chimerism analysis after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for leukemia could be helpful understanding of the early marrow engraftment, disease relapse, and graft rejection. Recently, a PCR technique which amplifies short tandem repeats(STR) has been reported to be highly sensitive and reliable in detecting mixed chimerism. But its sensitivity and clinical significance has not been established. The purpose of this study was firstly, to confirm whether a PCR-STR in highly sensitive enough ti assess mixed chimerism, secondly to monitor the changing patterns of mixed chimerism after allogeneic BMT, and lastly to determine correlation between the chimeric status and the clinical outcome. Methods : A study was made eight patients (six with acute leukemia and two with chronic leukemia) who underwent unmanipulated allogeneic BMT along with matched donors. DNA was extracted from mononuclear cells of 44 bone marrow samples using a phenol/chloroform method. Amplification of DNA was done using CSFIPO-TPOX-TH01(CTT) triplex with or without vWA or amelogenin primer. The amplified product was separated on 5% polyacrylamide gel and was confirmed by silver staining. The sensitivity of CTT triplex method was determined by mixing DNA from two person in serial proportion using the same method. Results : The sensitivity for CTT triplex method was 0.25% Mixed chimerism was documented in 4 of 8 patients. ONe of four patients with mixed chimerism developed acute and chronic graft versus host disease (GVHD) and one of four patients with complete donor chimerism also developed chronic GVHD. Two patient with progressive mixed chimerism relapsed at 12 months post-BMT, whereas no patient with complete donor chimerism has relapsed. Conclusion : The study has found that PCR-STR was an effective method for the detecting residual host cell and monitoring the chimeric status after allogenic BMT. PCR-STR can also be clinically applicable in early prediction of relapse, appropriate assessment of GVHD, as well as tolerance after allogeneic BMT.

특허심판에서 제3자의 참가에 관한 검토

김상균 청주대학교 사회과학연구소 2022 한국사회과학연구 Vol.44 No.1

특허심판원에 특허심판이 제기된 경우에 이해관계인은 자신의 법률상 지위를 지키지 위해 그 심판에 참가할 수 있다. 이해관계인이 당사자로 참가하는 것을 공동소송적 당사자참가라고 하며, 당사자의 승소보조자로 참가하는 것을 공동소송적 보조참가라고 한다(특허법 제155조 제1항・제3항). 공동소송적 당사자참가는 민사소송법의 공동소송참가(민소법 제83조)와 유사하며, 공동소송적 보조참가는 민사소송법의 공동소송적 보조참가(민소법 제78조)와 유사하다. 민사소송법은 소송결과에 이해관계를 가지는 자의 통상의 보조참가(민소법 제71조), 소송목적의 전부 또는 일부가 자기의 권리임을 주장하거나 소송의 결과 권리의 침해를 주장하는자의 독립당사자참가(민소법 제79조)를 인정하고 있는데, 특허심판에 이러한 통상의 보조참가 또는 독립당사자참가가 가능한지 문제된다. 결정계 심판인 특허거절결정에 대한 심판과 정정심판에서는 심판의 결과에 법률상 이해관계를 가지는 사람은 통상의 보조참가를 할 수 있다고 본다. 그리고 독립당사자참가의 경우에도 그 요건을 충족하면 허용될 수 있으므로, 모인특허를 무효사유로 하는 특허무효심판에서는 진정한 발명자는 권리주장참가를 할 수 있고, 권리범위 확인심판에서는 심판의 결과 자신의 권리가 침해된다는 것을 주장하는 전용실시권자는 사해방지참가를 할 수 있다고 본다. 이처럼 특허심판에 참가할 수 있는 다양한 참가유형을 인정하는 것이 특허심판을 통해 관련 분쟁을 일거에 해결할 수 있는 방안이 되며 특허심판에서의 참가를 활성화할 수 있을 것이다. In case a patent trial was filed in the Korean Intellectual Property and Appeal Board, the interested party may intervene into the trial in oder to protect his or her own legal interests. The participation of the interested party in the trial as a co-litigant is called as the intervention as a party of joint action, and participating as a winning assistant for the interested party is called as the intervention for assistance of joint action (The Patent Law Article 155 Section 1 and Section 3). The intervention as a party of joint action for patent trials is similar to joint participation in litigation in the Civil Procedure Act (The Civil Procedure Act Article 83), and the intervention for assistance of joint action for patent trials is similar to the intervention for assistance of joint action in the Civil Procedure Act (The Civil Procedure Act Article 78). The Civil Procedure Act allows that any third party interested in the result of a lawsuit may intervene in order to assist either party, so called supplementary intervention (The Civil Procedure Act Article 71), and that any third party who claims that the whole or part of the object of lawsuit is his/her own right, or that his/her rights are likely to be infringed pursuant to the result of lawsuit, may intervene in the lawsuit as a party, so called intervention as independent party (The Civil Procedure Act Article 79). Thus, whether the above-mentioned supplementary intervention or independent party intervention is allowed in the patent trials becomes a question. It is deemed that the party legally interested in the result of the trial is allowed to usually intervene for assistance in the ex parte trial, namely, the trial for a rejection of patents, and the trial for correction. Further, as the independent party intervention can be allowed when it meets the requirements, it is considered that the true inventor to claiming the rights in the trial on invalidity by the nullity of grounds based on the misappropriated patent rights, and the exclusive license older to claiming an infringement of the rights for individual invasion prevention in the trial to confirm scope of rights can be allowed to participate. Therefore, acknowledging the various types of participation available in the patent trials will be a solution for settling related conflicts in one action thorough the mentioned trials, and invigorating the participation in patent trials.