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( Sabrina Hossain ),( B. C. J. De Silva ),( S. H. M. P. Wimalasena ),( H. N. K. S. Pathirana ),( Gang-joon Heo ) 한국가축위생학회 2017 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.40 No.1
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica is a common microbial flora in pet turtles, which could opportunistically become pathogenic to human. Their possession of aminoglycoside resistance genes has important significance both in humans and animal medicine. In this study, twenty-one Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica were isolated from thirty-five individual turtles purchased from pet shops and online markets in Korea. In order to characterize the aminoglycoside susceptibility patterns, antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed against gentamicin, amikacin and kanamycin of aminoglycoside antimicrobial group. Each of the isolates showed susceptibility to all tested aminoglycosides in disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests. PCR assay was carried out to determine aminoglycoside resistance genes, integron and integron mediated aminoglycoside genes. None of the isolates showed aac(3)-IIa, aac-(6′)-Ib, armA, aphAI-IAB aminoglycoside resistance genes. Only, five isolates (24%) harbored class 1 integron related IntI1 integrase gene. The results suggest that Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica strains isolated from pet turtles are less resistance to aminoglycosides and don`t harbor any aminoglycosides resistance genes.
( Sabrina Hossain ),( Sudu Hakuruge Madusha Pramud Wimalasena ),( Mahanama De Zoysa ),( Gang-joon Heo ) 대한인수공통전염병학회 2016 창립총회 및 학술대회 초록집 Vol.2016 No.1
Introduction: Pet turtles are known as a source of bacterial infection to humans when handled in captivity. Pet turtle rearing has become increasingly popular worldwide. However, turtles carry many pathogenic enteric bacteria which have been classically associated with warm-blooded animals including humans. Citrobacter spp. can be responsible for Citrobacter infection in humans if the owner fails to handle a pet turtle with care. The bacteria can be transmitted by physical contact with the infected turtles or through contaminated environments such as water and soil in turtle cages. Methods: 34 turtles purchased from nine pet shops and eight online markets in Korea were examined to determine whether the turtles and their environment such as soil and water were contaminated with Citrobacter spp. Biochemical tests and morphology revealed that Citrobacter spp. were isolated from samples. Presumptive isolates were identified through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Each of the isolate`s antibiotic resistance was characterized with a disk diffusion test. Results: Citrobacter spp. were isolated from 7 of 34 (20.6%) fecal samples. Five were identified as C. freundii and two as unknown Citrobacter spp. through 16S rRNA sequencing. The isolation rate of Citrobacter spp. from their environment increased over time. All seven Citrobacter spp. strains showed susceptibility against most of the commonly used veterinary antibiotics. Every Citrobacter strain was susceptible to amikacin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, imipenem, sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim and tetracycline but resistant to cefoxitin, cephalotin and chloramphenicol. All were resistant to amoxicillin and ampicillin except one isolate, which showed intermediate resistance. Conclusion: This study concluded that some pet turtles sold in Korea are carriers of Citrobacter spp. Awareness of pathogenic bacteria when handling pet animals like turtles to prevent their transmission is an important public health concern. Therefore, further studies should be performed to genetically characterize these isolates as well as other harmful human pathogenic bacteria isolated from the pet turtles.
Hossain, Sabrina,De Silva, B.C.J.,Wimalasena, S.H.M.P.,Pathirana, H.N.K.S.,Heo, Gang-Joon The Korean Society of Veterinary Service 2017 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.40 No.1
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica is a common microbial flora in pet turtles, which could opportunistically become pathogenic to human. Their possession of aminoglycoside resistance genes has important significance both in humans and animal medicine. In this study, twenty-one Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica were isolated from thirty-five individual turtles purchased from pet shops and online markets in Korea. In order to characterize the aminoglycoside susceptibility patterns, antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed against gentamicin, amikacin and kanamycin of aminoglycoside antimicrobial group. Each of the isolates showed susceptibility to all tested aminoglycosides in disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests. PCR assay was carried out to determine aminoglycoside resistance genes, integron and integron mediated aminoglycoside genes. None of the isolates showed aac(3)-IIa, aac-(6')-Ib, armA, aphAI-IAB aminoglycoside resistance genes. Only, five isolates (24%) harbored class 1 integron related IntI1 integrase gene. The results suggest that Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica strains isolated from pet turtles are less resistance to aminoglycosides and don't harbor any aminoglycosides resistance genes.
Sabrina Yesmin Barsha,Miah Md. Akiful Haque,Md Utba Rashid,Mohammad Lutfor Rahman,Mohammad Ali Hossain,Sanjana Zaman,Elias Bhuiyan,Rahima Sultana,Mosharop Hossian,Mohammad Hayatun Nabi,Mohammad Delwer 대한백신학회 2021 Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research Vol.10 No.3
A 77-year-old man with a past medical history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, peripheral neuropathy, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was admitted to the intensive care unit of Bangladesh Medical College Hospital with acute encephalopathy and non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). The patient was on antidiabetic medicine along with H2 blocker and multivitamins for his existing diseases. The patient’s attendant reported that the patient had received his first dose of the Moderna coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine just 2 days ago. Physical examination revealed that he had a Glasgow Coma Scale of 8/15; a pulse of 106 beats/min; a respiratory rate of 30 breaths/min; oxygen saturation of 80% on room air, which became with 10 L of oxygen and blood pressure of 90/60 mm Hg at the time of admission. During the hospital stay, the patient was treated conservatively with intravenous antibiotics and other necessary medication. Although we have observed the onset of encephalopathy and NSTEMI following COVID vaccination for this patient, we, as healthcare professionals, cannot directly attribute the cause of the complications to the Moderna vaccine without further epidemiological studies with large samples.
Virulence factors and antibiotic resistance of Edwardsiella tarda isolated from pet turtles in Korea
( Dong-min Shin ),( Sabrina Hossain ),( Wimalasena S. H. M. P ),( Gang-joon Heo ) 대한인수공통전염병학회 2016 창립총회 및 학술대회 초록집 Vol.2016 No.1
Introduction: Edwardsiella tarda, a widely known aquatic zoonotic bacterium was isolated from pet turtles in Korea. Pet reptile business has gained worldwide popularity. However, turtles are carriers of pathogenic enteric bacteria which have been classically associated with various species including humans. E. tarda. can be responsible for human edwardsiellosis if the owner is in close contact with a pet turtle. Our research aims to identify and characterize pathogenic E. tarda in pet turtles purchased from pet shops and online markets to determine the potential risk of exposure to a zoonotic pathogen from a public health standpoint and provide information concerning the prevention of transmission to humans. Methods: 27 turtles purchased from nine pet shops and eight online markets in Korea were examined to determine whether the turtles carried with E. tarda. E. tarda were isolated from fecal samples through biochemical tests and morphology on selective media. Presumptive isolates were identified through 16S rRNA sequencing and further characterized by detection of virulence genes by PCR. Each of the isolate`s antibiotic resistance was studied with a disk diffusion test. Results: E. tarda. were isolated from 12 of 27 (44.0%) fecal samples. These isolates were identified as E. tarda through 16S rRNA sequencing. PCR results clearly indicated the presence of the virulence gene citC and wecC required for human penetration activity. Most of isolates showed susceptibility against amkicin, amoxicillin, cefoxitin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, imipenem and streptomycin but were resistant to colistin and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. Conclusion: This study concluded that some pet turtles sold in Korea are carriers of E. tarda. Awareness of pathogenic bacteria when handling pet animals like turtles to prevent their transmission is an important public health concern. Therefore, further studies should be performed to genetically characterize these isolates as well as other harmful human pathogenic bacteria isolated from the pet turtles.