국제경제 : 중국 국유기업이 중국 지역의 성장 및 효율성에 미치는 영향

( Rong Rong Luo ),( Keun Jae Lee ) 국제지역학회 2014 국제지역연구 Vol.18 No.1

본 논문은 중국 국유기업이 중국 지역의 성장과 효율성에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 분석하였다. 이를 위해 1985년부터 2010년까지 중국 28개 성시(省市)의 패널자료를 이용하여 확률적변경생산함수를 추정하고, 이에 기초한 지역별 기술효율성을 추정하였다. 그리고 지역경제에서 차지하는 국유기업 비중을 포함한 기술효율성에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 회귀분석을 통해 살펴보았다. 본 연구의 주요 결과는 첫째, 국유기업 비중과 지역의 인당 소득 간에 정의 관계가 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이는 과거 성장과정에서는 국유기업이 지역 성장에 중요한 영향을 미쳤음을 알 수 있다. 둘째, 중국의 경제체제는 2000년을 기준으로 생산구조가 변화된 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 국유기업 비중과 지역의 기술적 효율성과는 부(-)의 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 국유기업이 지역성장에 도움을 준 것은 사실이지만, 비효율적 성장이 이루어지도록 하였다는 것을 의미한다. 이러한 결과는 중국 경제가 양적 성장의 한계에 직면할 우려가 있는 상황에서 장기적이고 지속적인 고도성장을 위해서는 비효율적인 국유기업의 개혁이 무엇보다 중요함을 시사한다. The paper is to shed empirical light on the impact of state-owned enterprises on the economic growth and efficiency, employing data for a panel of 28 provinces in China from 1985 through 2010. The main findings are as followings; first, the ratio of employment by the SOEs to total employment of a province has been correlated positively with the per capita GRDP. This result implies that the SOEs has contributed to the regional economic growth. Secondly, the ratio of SOEs to the regional economy in terms of employment turns out a negative relation with technological efficiency measured by a Stochastic Frontier Model estimation. As a result, even though it is true that the SOEs have contributed to regional growth, the way of their contribution was of inefficient. The result suggests that inefficient SOEs be reformed for China`s long-term economic growth under the circumstance that China faces the difficulties for input-oriented economic development.

A Comparative Study of Reflexive Binding in English and Korean

De-rong Luo 한국영어교육연구학회 2014 영어교육연구 Vol.- No.46

The reflexive binding phenomenon is one of the most interesting language phenomena that many scholars have been doing research on. Previous studies on this topic show mainly two directions: one is a syntactic approach, and the other a non-syntactic one. None of these approaches, however, have suggested a successful explanation about the phenomenon. In this paper, I introduce the OT to analyze this phenomenon. Based on the observation of syntactic behaviors of English reflexive pro-self and Korean reflexive caki3), I have introduced some important constraints ranking against each other by which both English and Korean reflexive binding relation has been well explained.

A Comparative Study of Reflexive Binding in English and Chinese

De-rong Luo 한국영어교육연구학회 2013 영어교육연구 Vol.- No.45

The binding theory(Chomsky 1981) has been considered to be one of the most important theories which is used to deal with the legal domain especially of reflexive binding. The purpose of this paper is to find out if the binding theory can work for all English reflexive situations, and if it can also be used for other languages such as Chinese. I showed some English & Chinese data which can not be properly explained by the original binding theory, and I modified and added some other constraints to analyze and compare English and Chinese case of reflexive binding. After some data analysis, I showed some of English and Chinese reflexive sentences can be dealt with the binding theory, but some others can not. Based on these unexplicable data, I added the rule of Lager Domain Prefer (LDP) constraint which is introduced by Moon(1995) to analyze both English and Chinese reflexive sentences. The constraint hierarchy of BBC>>LDP is for English and constraint hierarchy of BBC<<>>LDP is for Chinese. However there still exist some defects, so after further data analysis, a new constrain of Domain Change based on Verbal Types(DCVT) has been introduced to analyze unexplainable Chinese sentences. Finally, depending on this new constraints hierarchy- BBC<<>>LDP>>DCVT, Chinese reflexive sentences have been explained successfully. In conclusion, by using OT evaluation the relations between English and Chinese reflexive sentence have been shown clearly.

Effects of Green Tea on Blood Pressure and Hypertension-induced Cardiovascular Damage in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat

Yue-Rong Liang,Shi-Cheng Ma,Xin-Qiang Zheng,Jing-Yi Xu,Ming-Yan Wu,Yi-Wen Luo,Xian-Yang Luo,Jian-Liang Lu 한국식품과학회 2011 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.20 No.1

Three groups of spontaneously hypertensive rats were administered by gavage with distilled water (control group), low-dose green tea (LGT, 0.2 g/kg BW·day) and high-dose green tea (HGT, 1.0 g/kg BW·day) for 4 weeks,during which systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured weekly by non-invasive tail-cuff method. At the end of experiment, left ventricular hypertrophy index (LHVI) and plasma biochemical indicators were determined, and ultrastructures of myocardium and aortic vascular smooth muscle cells were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that green tea gavage suppressed the increase in SBP, along with decline in levels of plasma nitric oxide, aldosterone, malondialdehyde, and LHVI, but increased levels of plasma creatinine, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and glutathione peroxidase in a dose dependant manner. Green tea had no effect on plasma total cholesterol. TEM shows that green tea gavage protected mitochondria of left ventricular myocardium and aortic vascular smooth muscle cells from damage.

An OT Analysis of Multiple Wh-questions in English and Chinese

De-rong Luo 한국영어교육연구학회 2015 영어교육연구 Vol.- No.47

Universality is one of the important purposes in linguistic research, in order to find it out, we should use actual language phenomenon as medium or foundation. Therefore the research target in this paper is multiple wh-questions in English and Chinese, through the OT analysis, both English and Chinese multiple wh-questions can be explained by the constraints hierarchy: English: SO-OP-SPEC>>OB-HD>>HIE-ADJ>>FULL-INT>>STAY Chinese: STAY>>FULL-INT>>HIE-ADJ>>OB-HD=SO-OP-SPEC Meanwhile, the relations between two langauges also can be showed through constraints hierarchy. The biggest difference between them can be showed by the converse sequnce of constraints, which means English is a kind of structure-overt language and Chinese is meaning-overt language. But it doesn’t mean they are totally opposite with each other, from other constraint HIE-ADJ, it showed English and Chinese are sharing exactly the same word order. So through the multiple wh-questions analysis, the similarities and differences between English and Chinese has been showed clearly.

A Comparative Study on English & Chinese Wh-Questions in the Optimality Theory

De-rong Luo 한국영어교육연구학회 2012 영어교육연구 Vol.- No.44

This paper is aimed to find some differences between English and Chinese under simple wh-question. In order to deal with it, I should find some good theories to let this comparison become as easy as possible. So first I take some classical theories to explain the simple wh-question between English and Chinese, but it seems very complex to express these two languages under these theories, also it"s hard to figure out the essential difference between these two languages. So I choose another theory- Optimality Theory(abbreviated to OT) to explain this phenomenon. The main principle of OT is all of the principles and rules (in OT we called constraints) can be violated by the candidates, and based on the characteristics of language, these constraints should be ranked upon their importance for the target language. So the higher ranked one has bigger power than the one located lower. Even these constraints can be violated, violation should be minimum. So among all of the candidates, the one who violates the less higher ranked constraints and the violation is smallest can be chosen as the best optimal candidates. Because of the flexible of OT, it can easy adapt to a lot of languages. In this paper, OT is used to analyze English and Chinese simple wh-question, after the data analysis, four constraints are generated to restrict ungrammatical sentences. The purpose of this paper is doing comparison, so we"d better use the same constraints with different ranking hierarchy. Finally, constraints hierarchy for both two languages have been done. English is OP-SPEC>>OB-HD>>FULL-INT>>STAY; and Chinese is STAY>>FULL-INT>>OB-HD>>OP-SPEC. From the ranking we can see the most important constraint of these two languages is just opposite with each other. So I conclude they are just belong to different language family, English need move but Chinese should stay; also the second important constraint also opposite, it shows in English it allows a part of auxiliarly words but in Chinese non of them is needed, Through all of the analysis that has done until now, it"s can express that English pays much attention on its sentence form, but Chinese focus much on its sentence meaning. Through this simple four constraints and their ranking, the problem just been explained clearly.

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Gene Polymorphisms and Breast Cancer Risk in a Chinese Population

Luo, Ting,Chen, Long,He, Ping,Hu, Qian-Cheng,Zhong, Xiao-Rong,Sun, Yu,Yang, Yuan-Fu,Tian, Ting-Lun,Zheng, Hong Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.4

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent regulator of angiogenesis and thereby involved in the development and progression of solid tumours. Associations between three VEGF gene polymorphisms (-634 G/C, +936 C/T, and +1612 G/A) and breast cancer risk have been extensively studied, but the currently available results are inconclusive. Our aim was to investigate associations between three VEGF gene polymorphisms and breast cancer risk in Chinese Han patients. We performed a hospital-based case-control study including 680 female incident breast cancer patients and 680 female age-matched healthy control subjects. Polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis was performed to detect the three VEGF gene polymorphisms. We observed that women carriers of +936 TT genotypes [odds ratio (OR) =0.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.28, 0.76; P=0.002] or 936 T-allele (OR=0.81, 95% CI= 0.68, 0.98; P=0.03) had a protective effect concerning the disease. Our study suggested that the +1612G/A polymorphism was unlikely to be associated with breast cancer risk. The -634CC genotype was significantly associated with high tumor aggressiveness [large tumor size (OR=2.63, 95% CI=1.15, 6.02; P=0.02) and high histologic grade (OR=1.47, 95% CI= 1.06, 2.03; P=0.02)]. The genotypes were not related with other tumor characteristics such as regional or distant metastasis, stage at diagnosis, or estrogen or progesterone receptor status. Our study revealed that the VEGF -634 G/C and +936 C/T gene polymorphisms may be associated with breast cancer in Chinese Han patients.

HRKT: A Hierarchical Route Key Tree based Group Key Management for Wireless Sensor Networks

( Rong Jiang ),( Jun Luo ),( Xiaoping Wang ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2013 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.7 No.8

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), energy efficiency is one of the most essential design considerations, since sensor nodes are resource constrained. Group communication can reduce WSNs communication overhead by sending a message to multiple nodes in one packet. In this paper, in order to simultaneously resolve the transmission security and scalability in WSNs group communications, we propose a hierarchical cluster-based secure and scalable group key management scheme, called HRKT, based on logic key tree and route key tree structure. The HRKT scheme divides the group key into cluster head key and cluster key. The cluster head generates a route key tree according to the route topology of the cluster. This hierarchical key structure facilitates local secure communications taking advantage of the fact that the nodes at a contiguous place usually communicate with each other more frequently. In HRKT scheme, the key updates are confined in a cluster, so the cost of the key updates is reduced efficiently, especially in the case of massive membership changes. The security analysis shows that the HRKT scheme meets the requirements of group communication. In addition, performance simulation results also demonstrate its efficiency in terms of low storage and flexibility when membership changes massively.

Development of a Transient ihpRNA-induced Gene Silencing System for Functional Analysis in Persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.)

Rongli Mo,Na Zhang,Sichao Yang,Qinglin Zhang,Zhengrong Luo 한국원예학회 2016 원예과학기술지 Vol.34 No.2

A transient ihpRNA-induced gene silencing system based on Agrobacterium-mediated injection infiltration has been established to evaluate candidate genes involved in proanthocyanidin (PAs) biosynthesis in persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.). We chose DkPDS (phytoene desaturase) as a gene-silencing target to evaluate the newly developed transient gene silencing system. Our qRT-PCR analysis indicated that two ihpRNA constructs (pHG-PDS5’ and pHG-PDS3’) targeted DkPDS, which also led to significantly reduce expression of DkPDS in ‘Mopanshi’ persimmon leaves. To further confirm the reliability of the system, we successfully utilized it for DkLAR (leucoanthocyanidin reductase) gene silencing. The expression levels of DkLAR in ‘Mopanshi’ and ‘Eshi 1’ leaves were ca. 6-fold and ca. 5-fold lower than those in leaves harboring empty vector (pHG-GFP), respectively. DMACA (4-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde) staining and the Folin-Ciocalteau assay showed that the accumulation of PAs was markedly inhibited in ‘Mopanshi’, ‘Eshi 1’ and ‘Youhou’ leaves. These results indicate that DkLAR plays an important role in the accumulation of PAs in persimmon. The transient ihpRNA-induced gene silencing method developed in this study is a highly efficient and useful tool for functional analysis of persimmon genes involved in PA biosynthesis.

Whole Cell-mediated Biocatalytic Synthesis of Helicid Cinnamylate and Its Biological Evaluation as a Novel Tyrosinase Inhibitor

Rong-ling Yang,Xi Chen,Yu-ye Song,Qian-lin Zhu,Muhammad Bilal,Yu Wang,Zheng Tong,Ting-ting Wu,Zhao-Yu Wang,Hong-zhen Luo,Xiang-jie Zhao,Ting-ting He 한국생물공학회 2022 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.27 No.3

Tyrosinase inhibitors are clinically effective for treating some dermatological disorders related to melanin hyperpigmentation. Accordingly, the discovery and development of tyrosinase inhibitors have great value in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. Here, a novel tyrosinase inhibitor, 6′-O-cinnamoyl-helicid (helicid cinnamylate) was successfully synthesized by a simple and effective biocatalytic approach with Aspergillus oryzae cells. Investigation of the effects of several key variables on helicid cinnamylate synthesis found that the reaction conversion, reaction rate and regioselectivity reached 99%, 9.40 mM/h and > 99%, respectively, at the optimal conditions with anhydrous acetone as the solvent, whole-cell concentration of 40 mg/mL, and the molar ratio of vinyl cinnamate to helicid of 10 at 45°C. The whole-cells retained 68.87% of its initial activity after reusing for seven batches, indicating a potent application potential in non-aqueous biocatalytic systems. It was worth noting that helicid cinnamylate demonstrated a more potent tyrosinase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 3.55 mM than helicid (IC50 = 4.48 mM) and arbutin (IC50 = 5.48 mM), which suggest that helicid cinnamylate could be developed as a more potential tyrosinase inhibitor. In conclusion, this study provides a novel whole-cell catalytic approach for the synthesis of helicid cinnamylate and insight into its application as a tyrosinase inhibitor.