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Review : The Significance of Interstitial Cells in Neurogastroenterology
( Peter J Blair ),( Poong Lyul Rhee ),( Kenton M Sanders ),( Sean M Ward ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2014 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.20 No.3
Smooth muscle layers of the gastrointestinal tract consist of a heterogeneous population of cells that include enteric neurons, several classes of interstitial cells of mesenchymal origin, a variety of immune cells and smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Over the last number of years the complexity of the interactions between these cell types has begun to emerge. For example, interstitialcells, consisting of both interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha-positive (PDGFRα+) cellsgenerate pacemaker activity throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and also transduce enteric motor nerve signals and mechanosensitivityto adjacent SMCs. ICC and PDGFRα+ cells are electrically coupled to SMCs possibly via gap junctions forminga multicellular functional syncytium termed the SIP syncytium. Cells that make up the SIP syncytium are highly specialized containingunique receptors, ion channels and intracellular signaling pathways that regulate the excitability of GI muscles. Theunique role of these cells in coordinating GI motility is evident by the altered motility patterns in animal models where interstitialcell networks are disrupted. Although considerable advances have been made in recent years on our understanding of the roles of these cells within the SIP syncytium, the full physiological functions of these cells and the consequences of the irdisruption in GI muscles have not been clearly defined. This review gives a synopsis of the history of interstitial cell discovery and highlights recent advances in structural, molecular expression and functional roles of these cells in the GI tract.