A toxicogenomics study of two chemicals in coffee roasting process

Kyung‑Taek Rim,Soo‑Jin Kim 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2020 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.16 No.1

Background Roasted coffee beans are broadly consumed in nearly all classes of the population. 2,3-Butanedione is a food flavor that causes obstructive bronchiolitis in microwave popcorn manufacturing workers. It can be naturally produced when coffee is roasted. Objective To determine effects of 2,3-butanedione (diacetyl) and 2,3-pentanedione on workers’ health during the coffee roasting process, we performed a toxicogenomics study for differentially expressed genes in lung cells after exposure to the two chemicals. Results Gene selection was performed by clustering, gene ontology/pathway, and data mining using microarray data. Target microRNAs and genes were selected based on the expression of microRNAs and correlation analysis of genes and microRNAs. As a result of expression analysis of target gene miRNAs affected by the two chemicals, it was evaluated that Fosl1, Rb1, Aspn, Dusp1, Rnf19b, Jun, and Hbegf were over-regulated by targeting down-regulated miRNAs mutated by two chemicals. Using OMIM database and KEGG pathway, we found that Terc and Bmpr2 were two changed genes by matching with the KEGG disease pathway database. Conclusion Dosage, duration, exposure, and extrapolations are necessary to reflect effects of diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione on workers in the coffee roasting process. This study focuses on early biochemical changes, mechanisms, and early biomarker discovery when normal lung cells are exposed to these two chemicals.

제주도 지하수 질산염 농도의 시·공간적 변화 특성: 장기(1993-2015) 모니터링 자료의 평가

김호림(Ho-Rim Kim),오준섭(Junseop Oh),도현권(Hyun-Kwon Do),이경진(Kyung-Jin Lee),현익현(Ik-Hyun Hyun),오상실(Sang-Sil Oh),감상규(Sang-Kyu Kam),윤성택(Seong-Taek Yun) 대한자원환경지질학회 2018 자원환경지질 Vol.51 No.1

1993년부터 2015년까지 관측된 제주도 지하수 장기모니터링 관측정(N = 4,835)에서 수집된 지하수 수질자료(N = 21,568)를 기반으로 질산성질소의 시공간적 변동 특성을 평가하였다. 제주도 지하수의 질산성질소 농도의 중앙값은 2.5 mg/L로서 다른 국가나 대륙의 조사 결과에 비해 다소 높거나 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 지하수 용도, 행정구역 및 고도 별로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 특히, 산간 지역에 비해 저지대 해안가에 위치한 농업 및 주거지역에서 농도가 높음을 확인하였다. Mann-Kendall 및 Sen’s slope 분석을 활용한 질산성질소 농도의 추세 분석 결과, 하류 저지 대에 비해 중산간지역에서의 질산성질소 농도 증가 경향이 뚜렷하였다. 제주도 내 토지 피복의 시계열 변화 특성과 결부 지어 보면, 중산간지역의 오염 증가 추세는 농업지역의 확장 등 인위적 활동 증가에 기인한 결과로 판단된다. 반면,기지정된 지하수자원특별관리구역에서는 전반적으로 질산성질소 농도의 감소 경향이 나타났는데, 이는 지하수 관리 측면에서 수질관리를 위한 적극적인 정책이 유효함을 시사한다. 본 연구에서는 제주도 지하수의 질산성질소 오염관리를 위한 적정 방안을 제안한다. The spatio-temporal variations of nitrate concentrations in groundwater of Jeju Island were evaluated by an analysis of time series groundwater quality data (N = 21,568) that were collected from regional groundwater monitoring (number of wells = 4,835) for up to 20 years between 1993 and 2015. The median concentration of NO 3 -N is 2.5 mg/L, which is slightly higher than those reported from regional surveys in other countries. Nitrate concentrations of groundwater in wells tend to significantly vary according to different water usage (of the well), administrative districts, and topographic elevations: nitrate level is higher in low-lying agricultural and residential areas than those in high mountainous areas. The Mann-Kendall trend test and Sen’s slope analysis show that nitrate concentration in mid-mountainous areas tends to increase, possibly due to the expansion of agricultural areas toward highland. On the other hand, nitrate concentrations in the Specially Designated Groundwater Quality Protection Zones show the temporally decreasing trend, which implies the efficiency of groundwater management actions in Jeju. Proper measures for sustainable groundwater quality management are suggested in this study.

A Twenty-Eight Days Inhalation Toxicity Study of N-decane in Sprague Dawley Rats

Rim, Kyung Taek,Kim, Hyeon Young,Song, Kyung Seuk,Chung, Yong Hyun,Chang, Hee Kyung,Han, Jeong Hee,Lee, Sung Bae,Chun, Yoon Seok,Lee, Yong Mook,Yu, Il Je 한국환경독성학회 2004 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.19 No.4

N-decane은 지방족탄화수소로 다른 탄화수소들과 같이 혼합된 형태로 존재하며 페인트 제거제나 드라이 크리닝 제품에 사용된다 최근의 본 연구팀이 실시한 전자산업계의 MSDS 신뢰성조사 결과에 따르면 세정제의 사용 경향은 과거의 방향족 탄화수소나 CFC, HCFC에서 C_10 이상의 지방족탄화수소 물질로 변화되고 있는 경향을 보여주었다 Stoddard solvent나 나프타 같은 탄화수소 혼합물에 대한 작업 환경노출기준은 설정되어있지만 n-decane에 대해서는 제한적인 독성자료 밖에 없으며 작업환경노출기준은 설정되어 있지 않다 따라서 작업환경에 대한 적절한 관리기준제시와 독성학적 자료를 제공하기 위해 n-decane을 28일 반복 홉입독성시험을 실시하였다 6주령 흰쥐로 체중이 229±10g되는 숫컷과 165±7g되는 암컷 흰쥐를 4개 용량군 즉 대조군, 저농도군(50ppm), 중농도군(200ppm), 고농도군(800ppm)(각군당 10마리)으로 설정하여 하루 6시간, 주 5일로 4주간 홉입쳄버에서 노출시켰다 28일간 노출 후 n-decane의 노출용량에 따른 암수의 체중에는 유의한 변화가 없었으며 유의한 혈액학적 생화학적 변화도 발견되지 않았다 고농도로 노출된 수컷 몇 마리에서 고환 세정관에서의 공포화(vacuolization)가 발견되었으나, 간 신장, 비장, 폐, 부신, 심장, 뇌 등 다른 장기에 대한 조직병리학적 검사에서는 뚜렷한 조직병리학적인 변화를 발견할 수 없었다

Toxicological Evaluations of Rare Earths and Their Health Impacts to Workers: A Literature Review

Rim, Kyung Taek,Koo, Kwon Ho,Park, Jung Sun Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2013 Safety and health at work Vol.4 No.1

In concert with the development of new materials in the last decade, the need for toxicological studies of these materials has been increasing. These new materials include a group of rare earths (RE). The use of RE nanotechnology is being considered in some green applications, to increase their efficiency by using nano-sized RE compounds, and therefore hazard evaluation and risk assessment are highly recommended. This review was conducted through an extensive contemplation of the literatures in toxicology with in vitro and in vivo studies. Major aspects reviewed were the toxicological evaluations of these elements and metallic compounds at the molecular and cellular level, animal and human epidemiological studies and environmental and occupational health impacts on workers. We also discuss the future prospect of industries with appliances using RE together with the significance of preventive efforts for workers' health. To establish a safe and healthy working environment for RE industries, the use of biomarkers is increasing to provide sustainable measure, due to demand for information about the health risks from unfavorable exposures. Given the recent toxicological results on the exposure of cells, animals and workers to RE compounds, it is important to review the toxicological studies to improve the current understanding of the RE compounds in the field of occupational health. This will help to establish a sustainable, safe and healthy working environment for RE industries.

A Study of Micronucleus Induction with 3 Chemicals in Bone Marrow Cells of ICR Mice: Octadecanamide, 3-chloro-2-hyrdoxypropansulfonic acid sodium salt, 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl-5-decyne-4,7-diol

( Kyung Taek Rim ),( Yong Hyun Chung ),( Hyeon Yeong Kim ),( Byeong Kyu Lee ) 한국환경분석학회 2013 환경분석과 독성보건 Vol.16 No.2

We investigated the genotoxicity of three chemicals, octadecanamide, 3-chloro-2-hyrdoxypropansulfonic acid sodium salt and 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl-5-decyne-4,7-diol, using male ICR mice bone marrow cells for the screening of micronucleus induction. Although these three chemicals have already been tested numerous times, a micronucleus test has not been conducted. 7 week male ICR mice were tested at dosages of 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg for the 3 chemcals, respectively. After 24 hours of oral administration with the three chemicals, the mice were sacrificed and their bone marrow cells were prepared for smearing slides. As a result of counting the micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte (MNPCE) of 2,000 polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE), all treated groups expressed no statistically significant increase of MNPCE compared to the negative control group. There were no clinical signs related with the oral exposure of these three chemicals. It was concluded that these three chemicals did not induce micronucleus in the bone marrow cells of ICR mice, and there was no direct proportion with dosage. These results indicate that the three chemicals have no genotoxic potential under each study condition.

Occupational Cancers with Chemical Exposure and their Prevention in Korea: A Literature Review

Rim, Kyung-Taek Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.6

The usage and types of chemicals being developed, with diversified new exposure of workers, are of natural concern to occupational disease. In Korea, with industrialization, application of many chemicals has increased. A large proportion of mortality and disease is due to cancer, and the causal hazardous agents include chemical agents, like heavy metals and so on. Due to the long latency period with malignancies and the fact they are usually found after workers' retirement, it is suggested that management policies must be established to prevent occupational cancers occurring among workers in Korea. To give a general description about the efforts to prevent the occupational cancer with exposure to chemicals, articles on the trends of occupational cancers were reviewed and summarized with related research and efforts for prevention in Korea. It is important to improve the understanding of occupational cancer and help to maintain sustainable and appropriate measures to guarantee workers safety and health.

A Review on Mutagenicity Testing for Hazard Classification of Chemicals at Work: Focusing on in vivo Micronucleus Test for Allyl Chloride

Rim, Kyung-Taek,Kim, Soo-Jin Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2015 Safety and health at work Vol.6 No.3

Chemical mutagenicity is a major hazard that is important to workers' health. Despite the use of large amounts of allyl chloride, the available mutagenicity data for this chemical remains controversial. To clarify the mutagenicity of allyl chloride and because a micronucleus (MN) test had not yet been conducted, we screened for MN induction by using male ICR mice bone marrow cells. The test results indicated that this chemical is not mutagenic under the test conditions. In this paper, the regulatory test battery and several assay combinations used to determine the genotoxic potential of chemicals in the workplace have been described. Further application of these assays may prove useful in future development strategies of hazard evaluations of industrial chemicals. This study also should help to improve the testing of this chemical by commonly used mutagenicity testing methods and investigations on the underlying mechanisms and could be applicable for workers' health.

Novel Genotoxic Strategies for Efficiently Detect Chemicals’ Carcinogenicity

Kyung-Taek Rim(임경택) 환경독성보건학회 2018 한국독성학회 심포지움 및 학술발표회 Vol.2018 No.6

In Vivo Micronucleus Test of Methylcyclopentane and 1,4-Dichlorobutane

( Kyung Taek Rim ),( Soo Jin Kim ),( Jong Kyu Kim ),( Yong Hyun Chung ),( Sang Yong Park ),( Jeong Sun Yang ) 한국환경분석학회 2011 환경분석과 독성보건 Vol.14 No.2

We investigated the genotoxicity of two chemicals, methylcyclopentane and 1,4-dichlorobutane with in vivo micronucleus test. Although these two chemicals have already been tested many times, a micronucleus test has not been conducted and the usage of these chemicals has been recently increased. 7 week male ICR mice were tested at dosages of 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg for methylcyclopentane and 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg for 1,4-dichlorobutane, respectively. After 24 hours of oral administration with the two chemicals, the mice were sacrificed and their bone marrow cells were prepared for smearing slides. As a result of counting the micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte (MNPCE) of 2,000 polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE), all treated groups expressed no statistically significant increase of MNPCE compared to the negative control group. There were no clinical signs related with the oral exposure of these two chemicals. It was concluded that the two chemicals did not induce micronucleus in the bone marrow cells of ICR mice, and there was no direct proportion with dosage. These results indicate that the two chemicals have no mutagenic potential under each study condition.

Biologically Hazardous Agents at Work and Efforts to Protect Workers' Health: A Review of Recent Reports

Rim, Kyung-Taek,Lim, Cheol-Hong Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2014 Safety and health at work Vol.5 No.2

Because information on biological agents in the workplace is lacking, biological hazard analyses at the workplace to securely recognize the harmful factors with biological basis are desperately needed. This review concentrates on literatures published after 2010 that attempted to detect biological hazards to humans, especially workers, and the efforts to protect them against these factors. It is important to improve the current understanding of the health hazards caused by biological factors at the workplace. In addition, this review briefly describes these factors and provides some examples of their adverse health effects. It also reviews risk assessments, protection with personal protective equipment, prevention with training of workers, regulations, as well as vaccinations.