정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

인삼추출물이 대식세포의 탐식능력에 미치는 영향

정도영,최대경 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1984 충남의대잡지 Vol.11 No.1

The present study was undertaken to assess the effects of the Korean ginseng extract on phagocytosis, spreading activity and viability of mouse peritoneal macrophage. The results were obtained as followings 1. Effects on phagocytosis of S. aureus by normal and ginseng-activated macrophage in TC 199 medium containing ginseng were not significant. 2. Compared with normal macrophage(20.4%) cultured in TC 199, ginseng-activated macrophage (37.2%) and normal macrophage(48. 1%) in TC 193 medium containing ginseng(100 ug/ml) exhibited significantly increased spreading activity. 3. After being cultured for 48 hours in TC 199 medium containing ginseng (100ug/ml), the viability of macrophage was 93. 1%. From these above results, ginseng extract did not influence phagocytic activity of macrophage, But effects of ginseng extract on spreading activity of macrophage were significant. Therefore, the local inflammatory response to bacterial infection can be enhanced by ginseng extract.

On the algebra and Einstein's connection in 2-dimensional *g-UFT

정경태,김성극 연세대학교 대학원 1980 延世論叢 Vol.16 No.2

Many types of solutions of Einstein's equation hove been obtained so far. They are, however, too complicated for the first class, probably due to the complexity of the 4-dimensional generalized Riemann space X4. The main purpose of the present paper is to study the algebraic and differential geometric peoperties of 2-dimensional *gλν-unified field theory in X2, reducing the dimension to 2. In particular, the solution of Einstein's equation will be obtained in a simple tensorial form using a particular recurrence relation.

木花의 二面交雜에 의한 遺傳力 및 雜種强勢의 程度

鄭元福,金京泰 東亞大學校生命資源科學大學附設 農業資源硏究所 1992 農業生命資援硏究 Vol.1 No.1

육지면 7개 품종을 이면교배하여 얻은 F₁42 개 조합을 재료로 각 형질에 대한 유전력 및 교배집단에 따른 잡종강세의 정도를 산출한 결과는 다음과 같다. 유전력은 개화일수, 개서일수, 초장, 경직경, 절간장, 주당삭수, 삭중, 삭당 종자수, 삭당 실면중, 삭당 조면비율, 삭당 조면중, 종자 100립중, 섬유장, 종자장, 실면중에 대한 조면비율이 72.71%이상으로 높았다. 잡종강세는 주당삭수, 삭중, 삭당 실면중, 삭당 조면중이 정·역 교배 I·II집단에서 각각 正으로 유의하였고, 개화 일수, 개서일수, 초장이 각각 負 로 유의하였다. 형질에 따른 각 교배조합을 보면 삭당 실면중, 삭당 조면중, 주당삭수는 4×5(목포 7호×Stoneville 2-B)조합이 heterosis 나 heterobeltiosis에서 비교적 높았다. A seven parent diallel study was conducted to determine the inheritance of the heritability and heterosis in cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.). Broad-sense heritability estimates were from 40.41 to 95.89%. In F₁ generation, days to flowering, days to maturity, plant height, stem diameter, length of stem internode, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, number of seeds per boll, seeds and lint weight per boll, lint percentage per boll, lint weight per boll, 100-seed weight, staple length, length of seed and lint percentage vs. seed and lint were over 72.71%. The degrees of positive heterosis of number of bolls per plant, boll weight, seeds and lint weight per boll, and lint weight per boll were higher, while days to flowering, days to maturity and plant height showed negative heterosis in the F₁ generation. Based on the degrees of heterosis and heterobeltiosis the crossed of Morpo #7×Stoneville 2-B showed high potential for yield.

니칭 유전 알고리즘을 이용한 회토류 자석 모터의 최적 설계에 관한 연구

정태경,정병호 중앙대학교 미래신기술연구소 2001 미래신기술연구소 논문집 Vol.10 No.1

This paper discussed an optimal design of BLDC motor using rare earth magnet. Because of the characteristic that rare magnets have high remanence, in motor design using rare earth magnet, a saturation of steel has to be considered. For this, we used a nonlinear finite element method. A niching genetic algorithm is used for the optimal design of the motor. For the connection of finite element method and niching genetic algorithm, a parametric finite element system is used. As a result, we found out several BLDC motor shapes increasing a torque in the same space.

솔레노이드 엑츄에이터 電磁氣 시스템의 有限要素 解析

鄭泰庚,崔仁好 중앙대학교 기술과학연구소 1990 기술과학연구소 논문집 Vol.20 No.-

This paper describes the analysis of electromagnetic system of solenoid actuator using 3-D axisymmetric finite element method. Solenoid actuator is a fast switching device which has been widely used in industries. To analyse the accurate solenoid actuator characteristics the finite element algorithm is used. It is also coupled with the external circuit equation. Axial forces and coil inductances are obtained from computed magnetic vector potentials. Dynamic equation is introduced to obtain the plunger motion exactly. To analyze transient characteristics, time differential terms of each equations are calculated with each time step. To take into account the magnetic saturation of iron core in electromagnetic system, the nonlinear finite element algorithm is used. The analysis is verified by comparing the measured values of axial forces in each position. It is considered that this paper can support the design of electrical machinery.

나병에 잇어 모반 세포성모반 및 그 진단적 의의 : Diagnostic significance

정진학,권경술,정태안 大韓癩學會 1983 癩學 會誌 Vol.16 No.1

저 지연시간 CELP 음성 부호화기 성능 개선에 관한 연구

鄭昌京,張泰成,李乃仁 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 1994 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.13 No.-

This paper presents a good-quality 8 kb/s speech coder which has one-way coding delay less than 5 ms. The coder achieves one-way coding delay of less than 5 ms by masking both the LPC predictor and the excitation gain backward-adaptive, and by using a small excitation vector size of eleven samples. We propose a low delay excitation reconstruction algorithm based on a vector quantized multi-tap adaptive codebook or a single gain fixed codebook in producing a good quality speech signal operating at 8 kb/s.

급성 심근경색 : Gd-DTPA 조영증강 자기공명영상 Gd-DTPA Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging

정경일,김제현,이창호,이영주,김한수,소동문,이영돈,박경주,왕희정,탁승제,이철주,김선용,김옥화,임태환,문창현,최병일,서정호 아주대학교 의과학연구소 1996 아주의학 Vol.1 No.1

This study was undertaken to determine the value of gadolinium dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA) enhanced MRI in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. Seven cats were subjected to 2 hours of left anterior descending coronary arteryocclusion (group 1) and 8 cats to 1 hour of occlusion (group 2). Reperfusion was followed by taking Tl-weighted MR images at 5, 15, 30, 45, 60 minutes after Gd-DTPA (0.2 mmol/kg) injection. Myocardial enhancement patterns were categorized into three zones (central ischemic, peripheral ischemic, and normal) or two zones (ischemic and normal) and the presence of injured myocardium in each zone was confirmed by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Signal intensity (SI) of each zone was evaluated relative to back muscle in regard to its chronological changes and difference among the zones. Group 1 displayed three zones of enhancement in 6 cats whereas 1 cat in group 1 and all in group 2 showed two zones of enhancement. Intermediate SI central zone was compatible but smaller than TTC nonstained area, and determined to be a persistently occlusive injury. High SI peripheral zone in group 1 and high SI ischemic zone in group 2 were stained and determined as reperfused injury although reversibility was not definite. The peak SI, occurring 15 minutes after Gd-DTPA injection, of 2.47±0.48 at peripheral zone was greater than that of 1.66±0.36 at central zone in group 1 and of 1.81±0.41 at ischemic zone in group 2 (p < 0.05). SI of injured myocardium increased more rapidly and decreased more gradually than that of normal myocardium. That the features of SI change with time in injured myocardium was compatible with the results of other studies using different contrast agents. Gd-DTPA enhanced MRI differentiated persistently occlusive injury as central intermediate SI, and reperfused injury as homogenous high SI, with the maximal contrast between the two at 15 minutes after contrast injection, thus indicating the value of Gd-DTPA enhanced MRI in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction.

공리계와 기하학 : Ⅰ. 결합공리 Ⅰ. INCIDENCE AXIOMS

정경태 연세대학교 교육대학원 1977 연세교육과학 Vol.12 No.-

The extension of the mathematical curriculum in Korean colleges has not infrequently been at the expense of some of the most valuable fields of more "old-fashioned" mathematics. Among the victims we find elementary, projective, and algebraic geometry, fields which used to stir the enthusiasm of an older generation. This decline into relative neglect not only means that mathematicians grow up poorly acquainted with one of the most attractive fields of their science, elegant in form and in results, but also means a loss of more fundamental values. This "modern" geometry of the nineteenth centry was to a considerable extent responsible for the whole revolution in mathematical thinking typical of that period ; out of it came the concepts of non·Euclidean geometry and geometry of more than three dimensions. Moreover, it has profoundly influenced axiomatics. Neglect of this part of mathematics therefore tends to stile the understanding of some of the most important notions of modern mathematics, physics, and engineering. Hence one of our main tasks of these days is to find the legitimate place for this field inside our present mathematical curriculum and to stress those fundamentals which are most vital for the understanding of our science as a whole. In the first part of this article, historical background of modern geometry such as its discovery, rise, and development is investigated. In the second, axiomatic systems of geometry are introduced. Euclidean geometry is perhaps one of the most famous examples of an axiomatic system, hut there are simpler ones which show the interrelation of the various parts without the added complications of this classical system. Chapter IV illustrates and analyzes one of the most simple examples of axiomatic systems. Finally axioms of incidence are introduced and analyzed in the last chapter of the present article.