GM-CSF Promotes Antitumor Immunity by Inducing Th9 Cell Responses

Kim, Il-Kyu,Koh, Choong-Hyun,Jeon, Insu,Shin, Kwang-Soo,Kang, Tae-Seung,Bae, Eun-Ah,Seo, Hyungseok,Ko, Hyun-Ja,Kim, Byung-Seok,Chung, Yeonseok,Kang, Chang-Yuil American Association for Cancer Research 2019 Cancer immunology research Vol.7 No.3

<P>Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) functions as an adjuvant for antitumor immunity through an unclear mechanism. By activating monocyte-derived dendritic cells, GM-CSF induces Th9 development and IL9 production, which facilitates antitumor cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses.</P><P>GM-CSF as an adjuvant has been shown to promote antitumor immunity in mice and humans; however, the underlying mechanism of GM-CSF–induced antitumor immunity remains incompletely understood. In this study, we demonstrate that GM-CSF potentiates the efficacy of cancer vaccines through IL9-producing Th (Th9) cells. GM-CSF selectively enhanced Th9 cell differentiation by regulating the COX2–PGE<SUB>2</SUB> pathway while inhibiting the differentiation of induced regulatory T (iTreg) cells <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I>. GM-CSF–activated monocyte-derived dendritic cells converted tumor-specific nai¨ve Th cells into Th9 cells, and delayed tumor growth by inducing antitumor CTLs in an IL9-dependent manner. Our findings reveal a mechanism for the adjuvanticity of GM-CSF and provide a rationale for the use of GM-CSF in cancer vaccines.</P>

유해화학물질의 종합위해등급 알고리즘 개발에 관한 연구

고재선,김광일,정상태 한국화재소방학회 2000 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.14 No.4

본 연구에서는 대상물질을 선정한 후 그에 따른 세 가지 기준 즉 독성,화재폭발,환경기준과 각각의 피해예측기법을 설정하고 이 기준들을 알고리즘을 통한 통합한 종합위해등급으로서 선정된 대상물질에 적용하였다. 특히, 환경기준은 포괄적인 개념으로서 USCG 및 MSDS의 환경기준 분류와 NFPA 건강위해 성(Nh) 중 환경관련 부분을 조합하여 환경지수 모델화를 하였다. 또한 각 기준에 따른 피해예측 기법을 선택하여 지역별 임의에 위치한 화학물질 관련업체에 사용 또는 저장 중인 유해화학물질에 대해 적용하여 사용물질에 대한 종합위해등급 설정(단일물질에 대한 가연성, 독성, 반응성, 환경성에 대한 Hazard level 및 표시 모델화) 및 그에 따른 사고시 피해예측 및 강도산정(CPQR직 IAEA, VZ eq), Risk contour를 구할 수 있었다. 이 결과 모든 화학공정 및 저장 등에서 발생할 수 있는 독성 누출,화재폭발의 잠재적 위험성산정을 통한 사전 안전성 평가의 Tool로 활용이 가능하다. In the study, three criteria(toxicity, fire & explosion, environment) and damage prediction method for each case was set up, and all these criteria were applied to the subject substance that was selected as hazardous level by integrating all criteria through Algorithm. Particularly, the environment criterion is a comprehensive concept, environment index modeling by combining USCG(United State Coast Guard) & MSDS(Material Safety Data Sheet) environment criteria classifications and the environment part of NFPA's health hazardousness(Nh). And for damage prediction method of each criterion were adopted and they were applied to hazardous chemical substances in use or stored by chemical substance related enterprises located in each region that made possible to set up total hazard level of used substances(inflammability, poisonousness and counteraction on a unit substance, and hazard level & display modeling on environment) & damage prediction in case of accident & solidity setup(CPQRA : Chemical Process Quantitative Risk Assessment, IAEA : International Atomic Energy Agency; VZ eq : Vulnerable Zone) risk counter. Thus it is deemed that it can be applied to toxic substance leakage that can happen during any chemical processing & storage, application as a tool for prior safety evaluation through potential dangerousness computation of fire & explosio.

콘크리트강도의 철근콘크리트보 전단강도에 대한 영향의 해석적 연구

고광일 麗水水産大學校 産業技術硏究所 1995 産業基術硏究所 論文集 Vol.4 No.-

The effect of concrete strength on shear cracking strength in reinfoced concrete beams is investigated analytically. The quantative response of reinforced concrete beam-end part with varing concrete stiffness, which is a function of compressive strength is examined utilizing a linear elastic finite element method. The result indicates that the severer shear stress localization/ concentration takes place inthe beam having higher concrete strength. Thus the increase ratio of shear cracking strength with respect to concrete compressive strength decrease as the concerete strength become higher.

Pulmonary Echinococcosis - A Case Report -

고일향,이진,구본일,손광현 인제대학교 1986 仁濟醫學 Vol.7 No.1

Pulmonary Echinococcosis (폐포충증)은 아직까지는 우리나라에서 보기드문 질환인 바 근래 국제 교류가 빈번해지면서부터 문제가 되기 시작하고 있으며, 특히 중동 지역에서 근무한 병력이 있는 환자에서 발생한 국내 보고가 수 예 있을 뿐이다. 저자들의 수술 치험 1례를 보고하는 바이다. Echinococcosis (hydatid disease) is endemic to the Mediterranean region, South America, Australia, and New Zealand where livestock, especially, sheep, are kept. The disease is considered to be rare in this country. However, recently, with increasing numbers of Koreans visiting those countries where hydatid disease is endemic especially Mid East region, the reports of hydatidosis are increasing, in the liver, but very rarelly in the lung. Authors experienced a case of pulmonary hydatid disease in the 30 year old male which was removed surgically on July 1985. We report the case to emphasize the need to consider this condition adding to other differential diagnosis of the mass lesion in the lung in our country and the literatures reviewed.

高强度 鐵筋콘크리트보의 附着특성에 관한 實驗的 硏究

고광일,임혁규 여수대학교 1998 論文集 Vol.13 No.2

In this study six symmetrical tension test specimens were made and tested to investigate their bond behaviors(steel stress, average bond stress, average slip, local slip, and bond stiffness). The compressive strength of concrete which is main experimental variable of this study varied in three steps(σck=203, 458, 706kg/㎠). The principal result of this study was that concentration of bond stress was observed at load-end commonly at the initial load stage of the beam test. As tension load is increased, the bond stress distribution showed difference gradually. It was observed that the location of peak bond stress moved from load-end to supporting point as the load was increased. The magnitude and distribution of bond stress are governed by the location of cracks. From the test, it was observed that the value of average bond stress was linearly proportional to the compressive strength of concrete.

剪斷補强鐵筋이 없는 高强度 鐵筋 콘트리트보의 極限剪斷 强度에 關안 硏究

高光馹 여수대학교 1989 論文集 Vol.3 No.-

Four series of reinforced concrete beams without stirrups were tested to determine their diagonal cracking strengths and ultimate shear capacities. Within each series the shera span-depth ratio was held at 2 or 3, while nominal concrete strength on ultimate shear capacity become more significant as the beams become shorter. A new equation is presented to more accurately predict ultimate shear capacity of short beams over the entire range of concrete strength.

농업정보기술을 위한 ILP 프로세서에서 정·동적 분류를 이용한 결과 값 예측기

고광현,조영일 한국농업정보과학회 2003 농업정보과학 Vol.4 No.1

Recent works have addressed that the limit imposed by data dependencies could be overcome to some extent by the data value prediction. A hybrid value predictor could obtain high prediction accuracy using advantages of various predictors, however it had a defect that identical instructions had overlapping entries in all predictors. In this paper, we proposed a new hybrid value predictor which achieved high performance by using information of static and dynamic classification. The proposed predictor could enhance prediction accuracy and efficiently decreased prediction table size of the predictor, because it allocated each instruction into single best-suited predictor during a fetch stage by using information of static classification. Simulation results based on the SimpleScalar/PISA tool set and the SPECint95 benchmarks showed the average correct prediction rate of 86.3% by using the static classification mechanism. Also, we achieve the average correction prediction rate of 87.9% by using static and dynamic classification mechanism.

四種 鹿茸의 免疫學的 效能에 關한 實驗的 硏究

고병희,소경순,김성수,김달래,김광호,송일병 慶熙大學校 1990 論文集 Vol.19 No.-

In order to investigate the effect of 4 kinds of antlers of Cervus elaphus xanthophgus(CEX), Cervus Elaphus dyboskii(CED), Rangifer tartandus articus(RTA) and Cervus nippon manthohurcus(CNM) on immune response and natural killer cell activity(NKCA), the author performed this experimental study. Delayed type hypersensitivity(DTH) and Rosette forming cells(RFC) for cell-mediated immune response, hemagglutin(HA) titers, hemolysin(HL) titers for humoral immune response, carbon clearance for phagocytic function of MPS(mononeuclear phagocyte system), and splenic natural killer cell activity(NKCA) were measured in ICR mice. The results were summarized as follows ; 1. DTH in all of the treated group was increased, as compared with the control group, with statistical significance. 2. RFC in all oof the treated group was increased, as compared with the control group, with statistical significance except for CEX and CED treated group. 3. HA titers increased in all of the treated group as compared with the control group, with statistical significance except for CEX and CNM treated group. 4. HL titers increased in all of the treated group as compared with the control group, but the statistical significance was showed only in case of CNM treated group. 5. Carbon clearance was increased in all of the treated group with the statistical significance. 6. NKCA was increased in all of the treated group with statistical significance except RTA treated group. 7. Through this experimental study in ICR mice, these findings suggest that CEX, CED, RRA and CNM generally enhence both cell-mediated and humoral immune response, phagocytic function of MPS andNKCA except CEX in humoral immune response and RTA in NKCA.

부신절제후의 위점막 점액세포의 미세구조

고정식,양남길,구광일,안의태,박경호 순천향대학교 1989 논문집 Vol.12 No.3

The experiment was conducted on the male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing about 250g each, to study the fine structural changes of the gastric mucus-secreting cells following bilateral adrenalectomy. Adrenalectomy was performed by dorsal approach method under ether anesthesia. Animals are fed ad libitum after the operation. The normal and the adrenalectomized rats were sacrificed on the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th day after the operation. For the electron microscopic observation, gastric mucosae were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde-1.5% paraformaldehyde followed by post fixation in 1% osmium tetroxide. The ultrathin sections were contrasted with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, and examined with JEM 100CX Ⅱ electron microscope. Obtained results were follows: 1. The gastric surface mucous cells of adrenalectomized rat contained mucous granules of less electron density than those of the normal rat contains. And mucous granules of adrenalectomized rats are usually placed apart from the surface plasma membrane. 2. Goblet cells of adrenalectomized rat exhibited well formed microvilli as compared with those of normal rat. 3. Cell differentiation in the isthmic area was generally seem to be delayed following adrenalectomy. 4. Golgi complexes of goblet cells were influenced by adrenalectomy, showing flattening or disorganization of cisterns, non-typical vacuoles, scanty vesicles, etc. 5. Considering the above findings, adrenalectomy probably causes the dysfunction of the gastric mucus cell that results in delayed mucus formation and secretion.

방울토마토중 Dichlofluanid 및 Iprodione의 생산단계별 잔류농약 경시변화

최규일,성기용,정태균,이주환,허장현,고광용,이규승 한국환경농학회 2002 한국환경농학회지 Vol.21 No.4

방울토마토의 생산단계에서의 잔류허용기준 설정과 수확후 저장기간중 경시변화 및 세척에 의한 잔류농약의 감소양상을 파악하였다. 해당약제를 안전사용기준의 기준량 및 배량을 각각 시설재배 포장에서 살포후 10일간 잔류양상을 조사하였고, 실온 및 냉장조건 하에서의 저장실험 및 세척에 따른 전류농약의 잔소량을 파악하여 생산단계부터, 출하, 저장, 소비단계까지의 잔류량을 예측할 수 있는 모델개발을 위한 자료로 이용하고자 연구를 수행하였다. Dichlofluanid와 iprodione은 포장조건에서 반감일수가 기준량 2.2, 3.3일 이었으며, 배량은 3.5, 5.4일로 나타났다. 저장조건하에서의 약제별 반감기는 포장조건보다 잔류량의 감소속도가 느린 것으로 나타나 반감일수가 증가하였고, 세척방법에 의한 잔류농약의 감소량을 조사한 결과 세제 사용시의 평균제거율은 dichlofluanid는 73.7%, iprodione은 64.3%로 나타났고, tap-water 사용시에는 dichlofluanid 73.5%, iprodione 63.5%로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 작물의 생산단계에서 구한 합리적인 희귀식을 이용하여 잔류농약의 경시변화를 파악하고, 저장 및 세척과정을 거쳐 최종 소비단계에서의 잔류농약의 수준을 평가할 수 있었다. We studied the residual patterns of two fungicides, dichlofluanid and iprodione, in cherry tomato greenhouse after applying with the recommended and double dose. Also, the degradation patterns during storage periods of up to ten days were compared between at room temperature (20℃) and at cold temperature (4℃). Removal rates of fungicides by washing with tap-water and detergent solution (0.1%, 0.2%) were measured. Half-lives of dichlofluanid and iprodione in greenhouse cherrytomato were 2.2~3.5 and 3.3~5.4 days, respectively. During the storage period, the residues were dissipated more slow. Removal rates were 62.8~80.3% by tap-water, 60.4~83.1% by 0.1% detergent solution, and 65.3~77.6% by 0.2% detergent solution. So, we can predict of terminal residues from cultivation period to marketing, storage and consuming.