정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

Azithromycin으로 치료한 임신 중 쓰쓰가무시병 1예

김광석,최진욱,서호종,김기훈,박성호,서광섭,고성만,김순혜,김호정 대한감염학회 2001 감염 Vol.33 No.5

We report a case of tsutsugamushi disease in a 26 year-old pregnant woman who was treated with azithromycin. Her gestation period was 27 weeks and she admitted with fever, rash, and eschar on the right shoulder. Currently recommended medications for the treatment of scrub typhus are doxycycline or chloramphenicol. But, these drugs are class D drugs according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Fetal Risk Summary, so they couldn't be used to treat pregnant women. Recently, a few case reports suggested that azithromycin, a relatively new macrolide antibiotic, was effective and safe for the treatment of scrub typhus in pregnant women. And, there is no evidence that azithromycin causes harmful effects to the developing fetus or to children. On the basis of current in vivo test that confirms the effectiveness of azithromycin, it may be the drug of choice for the treatment of scrub typhus in pregnant women and children. (Korean J Infect Dis 33:380-382, 2001)

고등학교 야영활동 참여가 인성발달에 미치는 영향

노형철(Hyung Chul Roh),정명수(Myeong Soo Jung),정순승(Soon Seung Jung),이광호(Kwang Ho Lee) 한국사회체육학회 2000 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.13 No.-

Camping activities were thought as one of educational methods. This study analyzed effects of participation in camping activities on high school students` humanity development variables, which affect humanity development were used for this study and data were collected at high schools in Kwang-ju city. At this site 600 surveys were distributed to a random sample of 300 participant and 30 non participant in camping activities. The results were as follows. 1. Participation in camping activities more positively affected humanity developments of male students` than that of female students`. 2. There was significant relationship between camping activities and sociality, leadership, activity and responsibility development. 3. There is no relationship between frequency of participation in camping activities and humanity development. Since the data were collected only at high schools in Kwang-ju city, further studies on high schools in countrysides would be required.

Multi-Agent System을 이용한 배전계통 자율 적응 최적 보호 시스템

鄭廣鎬,崔勉松,李承宰 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 2004 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.23 No.-

The topology of the power distribution network with protection scheme using over current relay is changed frequently because of load change, maintenance, mending and so on, but the setting values of protective devices are maximum values to ignore load and topology changes of the distribution network. Therefore the protection system can't isolate the light fault from distribution system. Currently, multi-agent system is focused one's attention on the world. And also the protective device is made by digital component and it has communication ability through the influence of communication technology. Because of these reasons, "an adaptive optimal protection of a distribution system network using multi-agent system" is proposed to apply multi agent system for automatic operation of protective system in this paper. The characteristic of multi-agent system has autonomy that is self-start ability and intelligence, with own knowledge, reasoning and judging ability. The agent works together to achieve a global goal, in which case each agent does the given job only. A protective agent of the proposed system has two autonomous functions with basic the protective function. One is the detecting function of network change. The other is the resetting function for optimal protection of a distribution system by coordinating with neighbor agents. When the fault is detected on network, agents isolate fault from network, then it sets parameters to new operation conditions by collaborating with other device agents. This system has adaptive protection with optimization "Protectability" applying protection. It is the "Protectability" concept for evaluation of protection system to describe how the system is well protection by an index numerical value. This system can operate optimal protection, because it detects adequate parameter by optimal method based on collaboration with neighbor agent. The purpose of proposed paper is development of system which has automatic detection of network change and rapidly automatic adaptation against network change with optimal method to set adequate parameter for complete protection.

비영리조직의 자율성과 자원의존성에 관한 실증연구 : 문화예술단체를 중심으로

정광호,권기헌 한국정책학회 2003 韓國政策學會報 Vol.12 No.1

그동안 우리의 경우 국가와 기업간의 관계, 국가와 다른 경제집단간의 관계에 대한 연구는 어느 정도 진행되어 왔으나 실제 공공정책을 집행하고 있는 다양한 비영리조직들(nonprofit organizations)과 국가(state)의 상호관계에 대한 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 최근 주요 선진국의 공공정책은 상당부분이 정부와 계약(contract)을 맺은 비영리조직들에 집행되고 있다. 여기서 행정학의 고유한 주제 영역인 비영리조직의 자율성(autonomy)과 정부의 책임성(accountability)에 관한 문제제기가 이루어질 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 문화 관광부에 등록된 문화예술 비영리단체들을 중심으로 정부와 비영리조직간의 관계를 분석하고 있다. 구체적으로 본 연구의 연구영역을 살펴보면 1) 정부의 비영리조직에 대한 지원이나 규제가 비영리조직에 미치는 영향, 2) 비영리조직의 자체수익활동이나 정부와의 네트워크와 비영리조직의 자율성, 그리고 3) 비영리조직의 나이변수가 비영리조직의 자율성에 미치는 영향으로 나누어진다. 본 연구는 비영리조직의 자율성에 영향을 주는 요소를 다음 같은 5가지 연구가설을 중심으로 실증분석을 시도하고 있다. 이를 살펴보면, 첫째, 정부에 대한 재정 의존도가 높을수록 비영리조직의 자율성은 감소할 것이다. 둘째, 정부의 규제가 비영리조직의 재정관리에 미치는 영향이 증가할수록 비영리조직의 자율성은 감소할 것이다. 셋째, 비영리조직의 자체수익활동이 활발할수록 조직의 자율성이 증가할 것이다. 넷째, 비영리조직의 관리자가 정부조직구성원과 개인적 관계나 혹은 정부와 정치적 관계가 밀접할수록 비영리조직의 자율성은 낮을 것이다. 다섯째, 조직의 나이가 오래될수록 상호의존성이 심화되어 조직의 자율성이 감소할 것이다. 본 연구의 결과는 정부의 재정지원이나 규제가 비영리조직의 자율성을 제약하고 있음을 보여준다. 특히 정부의 재정지원이나 규제가 비영리조직의 목표설정이나 자원배분과정에 영향을 주고 있음을 보여준다. 이러한 정부의 재정지원에 따른 비영리조직의 자원의존성은 비영리조직의 독자적인 프로그램 선정에 영향을 주고 있다. 이러한 연구결과는 정부의 재정지원이 비영리조직의 운영에 필요하지만 한편으로는 비영리조직의 자율성을 훼손하는 부작용이 있음을 보여준다. Few studies in Korea have examined a relationship between government and nonprofit organizations(NPOs) despite numerous studies in interactions between state and private firms. The relationship between the NPOs and government reflects a growing concern about the long-standing tension between the public sector's need for accountability and the nonprofit sector's desire for autonomy. This study examines various relationships between the cultural nonprofit organizations(CNPOS) in Korea and government. More specifically, this study deals with 1) the impact of government funding and regulation on the CNPOs' autonomy. 2) the impact of commercial activities and network on the CNPOs' autonomy, and 3) the impact of CNPOs' age on their autonomy. Based on these research questions, this study introduces five research hypotheses, this study shows that government funding and refutation constrains the CNPOs' autonomy In addition, this study illustrates that increasing dependence on government funding has a negative impact on artistic creativeness and innovativeness on their programming. This study suggests that while public funding for the CNPOs is essential to their programs the CNPOs' autonomy is necessary for effective programs that meet various needs in cultural activities.

멀티에이전트 시스템을 이용한 배전 계통의 새로운 복구 지수 평가 방법

鄭廣鎬,崔勉松,李承宰 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 2005 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.24 No.-

복구 계획은 배전 계통 운영에서 가장 중요한 일 중 하나이다. 본 논문에서는 배전계통의 복구를 멀티에이전트 시스템을 이용하여 계획하는 것을 제안한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 시스템에서 사용되는 모든 보호기기는 자율성과 통신 능력이 있는 에이전트로 개발되었다. 보호기기 에이전트는 이웃 에이전트와 통신을 통해서 스스로 복구 지수를 계산하는 능력이 있다. 본 논문에서 제안한 알고리즘의 우수성과 효율성을 입증하기 위해서 간단한 배전계통에 적용하여 사례연구를 하였다.

자발적 운동이 고령자의 혈액성분에 미치는 영향

정일호,이광욱,조명곤 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.14 No.2

The purpose of this study was to compared the blood variance following spontaneously exercise for 10weeks in healthy the elderly. When spontaneously exercise, for 10 weeks in exercise intensities between low and middle exercise intensities was participated, the HDL-C in factors of anti-atherosclerosis increased highly. Also, HDL-C/Total-C and HDL-C/LDL-C ratio in atherosclerosis index was improved. The results suggest that, in general, in participation aerobic exercise spontaneously was prevented on disease of lifestyle in the elderly.

후막 전계발광소자(Electroluminescence)의 제조와 발광특성

정영호,김병권,박조용,명광식,Khatkar, S.P.,Liang, Yujun,한상도 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 2002 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.13 No.1

불화물의 첨가가 아연화유지놀의 압축강도, 이차 우식에 대한 저항성, 변연누출에 미치는 영향에 관한 실험적 연구

정호석,김대업,이광희 大韓小兒齒科學會 1995 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.22 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of addition of fluoride to conventional zinc oxide eugenol on compressive strength, resistance of enamel to secondary caries and marginal leakage. Groups were divided by adding materials and their content. Group 1 was control group that did not contain fluoride, Group 2 was 10% sodium fluoride group, Group 3 was 20% sodium fluoride group, Group 4 was 10% stannous fluoride group and Group 5 was 20% stannous fluoride group. Each of four experimental groups was compared with control group. The results were as follows : 1. In compressive strength after 3 days, 10% stannous fluoride group was highest and then 20% sodium fluoride group, 10% stannous fluoride group, 10% sodium fluoride group, and non-fluoride group were in order. Compressive strength after 1 day water soakong after 3 days was stastically not significant(p>0.05). 2. In resistance of enamel to secondary caries, hardness reduction rate of experimental groups was lower than control group. There was no significant difference among groups (p>0.05). 3. Sodium fluoride group showed less marginal leakage than stannous fluoride group(p<0.05). 4. The amount of fluoride release was largest in 20% sodium fluoride group, and then 10% sodium fluoride group, 20% stannous fluoride, 10% stannous fluoride group were in order.

편심하중을 받는 상자형의 단면변형에 관한 연구

鄭熺孝,安光列,金鎬洙,黃俊碩 경상대학교 생산기술연구소 2001 工學硏究院論文集 Vol.1 No.-

Eccentric load acts on box girder is divided into bending and torsional load and deforms cross section. Distortion that is resulted from torsional load is largely different according to tickness of each plate or stiffener. According to with and without regard of distorsion effect, it is possible to divide analysis of box gilder into two. First, analysis of box gilder can be able to calcurate with rigid box girder in assumption that there is no distorsion when the girder is well stiffened with diaphragms or cross bracing and plate thickness of box section is thick. Second is the analysis that must be considered effect of distorsion when the girder has not sufficient stiffener or plate thickness of box section is not well thick. In numerical example of this study, normal stress of rigid cross section analysis is compared with that of deformable cross section analysis without interior diaphragms. Then, it was studied that stresses of the deformable cross section analysis can be near rigid analysis when box girder was stiffened with interior diaphragms.