Tetrahydroisoquinoline Alkaloids가 쥐의 동맥과 뇌균등질의 α-Adrenoceptors에 미치는 영향

이현석,백선하,황수현,박인성,김은상,정진명,한종우,장기철,장기철 대한신경외과학회 1999 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.28 No.1

조정변수로서 소비자의 유행관여, 상표친숙성, 부정적 정보가 의류상표확장 평가에 미치는 영향

황선진,송기은,이윤경 한국의류학회 2003 한국의류학회지 Vol.27 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether customers' fashion involvement, brand familiarity, and expertise of negative information moderate the influence of the original brand attitude on the attitude toward extended brand attitudes in the fashion market. For these purposes, four hypotheses were developed and data was collected from 480 students. Data was analyzed using SPSS methods such as factor analysis, frequency, t-test, and moderated regression analysis. The results were as follows; it was found that the original brand attitudes positively influence the extended brand attitudes. Second, the influence of the original brand attitude on the extended brand attitudes was stronger when fashion involvement was high rather than low. Third, in the case that perceived similarity between the original and the extended product classes was high, the influence of the original brand attitudes on the extended brand attitudes was stronger when brand familarity was high. Fourth, the influence of original brand attitudes on the extended brand attitudes was stronger when the perceived expertise of negative information source on the extended brand was high. Therefore, the results suggest that extending brands requires the systematic brand management considering customers' variables such as fashion involvement, brand familiarity, negative information etc. Also, it seems that brand strategy should be based on the segmentation for targeted customers' characteristics.

아리스톨로크산 함유 생약제에 대한 안전성평가연구 : 3개월간 반복투여독성시험을 통한 신장독성평가

황명실,박미선,문지영,이지선,염영나,이효민,신동환,강진석,윤은경,최미나,육미영,장동덕,길광섭,김승희,양기화 식품의약품안전청 2001 식품의약품안전청 연보 Vol.5 No.-

본 실험에서는 아리스톨로크산을 함운하고 있는 생약제중 하나인 마두령(.4risfoforfioe JTurruf)의 90일 반복투여독성시헌을 실f,」하였다. 마두령에서 아리스톨로크산을 정량분석한 결과 마두령 단일 건조븐말의 경운 2.112mg/g, 잉상에서 처방되고 있는 마든령복방 (마두령외 9가지 생약제 복합처방) 건조분말꼭 경무에는 0.066m9/5으로 각각 검출되었다. 본 실험에서 용량설정은 마두령 처리군 (저용량 군; 21.3m9/k9/day (임상용량), 중용량군; 2t3mgfg/day, 고용량군; 2430mg딘g b.w./day), 마두령복방 처리군 (427mg/kg b.w./da?; 임상용량) 및 positive control (아리스톨로크산) 처리군 (저용량군;0.05mgag/da17, 중용량군; 0.Smg/kg/day, 고용량군; 5mg./kg/dal·1으료 하여 랫드에게 경구투여하였다. 마두령단방 처궈근 및 마두령복방 처리군에서 저용량군과 중응량군에서는 잉상관찰 및 생화학적 분석에서 패조군과 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 그러나 마두령단방 고용량근에서는 간, 신장의 상대적인 무계가 증가되었고, 신장의 유두이행상피증식 및 암종이 관찰되었으며, 위에서는 편평세포암종이 관찰되었다. 하자만 간손상이나 간암은 유발하지는 않는 것으로 판단되었다. 결론끌으로 본 실험의 결과에서는 아리스톨로크산 함유 생약제인 마두령이 임상용량인 저응량 처리군에서는 독성을 나타내지 않았으나, 고용쏭으로 장기 복용시켰을 깅우 설치류의 전위부위 및 신장에서 독성이 있음을 알 수 있었다. Chines herbs nephropathy (CHN) has been described in young women who had taken a slimming pills containing some chines herbs. Aristolochic acid (AA), suspected substance as the causal factor of CHN, is known a carcinogen. The Aristolochiae fructus (fruit of Aristolochia contorta) was used in Korean Traditional Medicine consists of appropriate amounts of mixed natural products. Subchronic toxicity of A. furctus containing aristolochic acid was investigated in SD rats. The body weight and clinical signs were observed after orally administration of A. futctus at doses of 21.2, 213, and 2130 mg/kg/day; mixture (including 9 other herbs) at dose of 427 mg/kg/day; aristolochic aicd (Ⅰ+Ⅱ) at doses of 0.05, 0.5, and 5 mg/kg/day for 3 months. At the end of the treatment, high dose treated animals revealed a deficit in final body weight about 25% compared with that of control. Organ weights of kidney, liver, testis, or ovary were increased with dose dependent manner. No changes considered to be due to the administration of A. furctus, mixture or aristolochic acid were in hematological and clinical study. However, significant changes at histopathological study of kidney and stomach were boserved in high-dose treated groups. In conclusion, for human health safety it needs appropriate regulatory actions regarding the use of natural herbal medicines known or suspected of containing aristolochic acid.

납땜부위의 2차원 열전달 유한요소 해석

차기철,황은하 金烏工科大學校 1991 論文集 Vol.12 No.-

An analysis of the thermal distribution in a surface mounted soldered-parts by using a modified 2-D finite element method. Using the modified heat transfer program, we can calculate the temperature distribution for the soldered materials. The soldered domain is analysed with the convection boundary condition. The results presented herein should be useful in the design for reliability of this class of surface mount assemblies.

정모두부방사선사진 촬영시 두부의 수직회전에 따른 투사오차

고은희,이기헌,황현식 대한치과교정학회 2003 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.33 No.2

본 연구는 정모두부방사선사진 촬영시 수직적 두부회전이 방사선사진상의 계측치들에 어느 정도의 투사오차를 야기시키는지 알아보고자 시행되었다. 임상검사를 통하여 두드러진 전후방 골격이상이나 뚜렷한 안면비대칭을 보이지 않는 성인 25명을 대상으로 natural head position 상태를 기준위치(0˚)로 정하고 이 위치에 대해 양쪽 ear rod를 연결한 수평축을 중심으로 두부를 상하방으로 5˚, 10˚씩 회전시킨 상태에서 정모두부방사선사진을 각각 촬영하여 투사도를 작성한 다음 7개의 고경항목, 5개의 폭경항목, 6개의 각도항목을 계측하였다. 각 회전각도에서의 계측치를 비교분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 고경계측항목의 투사오차가 폭경이나 각도계측항목에 비해 전반적으로 큰 양상을 나타냈다. 2. 고경계측항목 중 회전축으로부터 먼 계측점간의 거리를 나타내는 항목일수록 투사오차가 컸다. 3. 폭경계측항목 중 비강폭경, 상악폭경, 상악 제1대구치간 폭경은 각 회전각도 간에 통계적 유의차가 없었으나 하악폭경과 하악 제1대구치간 폭경은 통계적으로 유의차가 있었다. 4. 각도계측항목 중 menton의 편위정도를 나타내는 각도는 각 회전각도 간에 통계적 유의차가 없었으나 crista galli와 maxillare를 연결한 선이나 crista galli와 antegonion을 연결한 선과 수평기준선이 이루는 각도는 통계적으로 유의차가 있었다. 이상의 결과는 수직적 두부회전에 의해 정모두부방사선사진상에 투사오차가 발생하므로 유용한 정모두부방사선사진을 얻기 위해서는 촬영시마다 동일한 두부위치를 유지하기 위한 노력이 필요함을 시사하였다. This study was performed to find how much projection errors in the cephalometric measurements were made by vertical head rotation in taking posteroanterior cephalograms. 25 adults without any apparent facial asymmetry or severe sagittal skeletal discrepancy were selected and the posteroanterior cephalograms were taken with the head rotated 5˚, 10˚superior and inferior each to the reference position(0˚). The 7 height, 5 width and 6 angular measurements were taken at each 5 positions. Through the statistical analysis of all measurements taken at each rotated position, following results were obtained. 1. The projection errors of height measurements were remarkably larger than those of width or measure ments. 2. Among the height measurements the farther to the rotation axis the measurements were the larger the projection errors were. 3. Among the width measurements, mandibular width and intermolar width of mandibular first molars showed significant differences between the values taken at each rotated position, while nasal width, maxillary width and intermolar width of maxillary first molars did not. 4. Among the angular measurements, the angle between horizontal reference line and line that is connected to crista galli and antegonion or maxillare showed significant differences between the values taken at each rotated position. The above results suggest that it is needed to the effort to keep constant head position for taking the useful posteroanterior cephalogram, because projection errors are caused by vertical head rotation.

직류 서보계의 오차신호 보상을 위한 신경망 제어기의 구성

고태언,이황재,남기봉 東義大學校産業技術開發硏究所 1998 産業技術硏究誌 Vol.12 No.-

The servo system requires faster and more accurate dynamic response. In many control techniques for servo system, the P-I control is mainly used to obtain precious response. But in the response-characteristic of the position control system controlled by the P-I controller, the transient response is more increased and settling time get longer. This paper proposed an algorithm using neural network for compensating error signal in the P-I controller. To show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, the computer simulation is performed to mathematical model of DC motor.

목초액 처리가 돈분 퇴비화 과정중 악취저감에 미치는 영향

이종은,장기운,이종진,황준영 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2005 농업과학연구 Vol.32 No.2

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of odor removal such as NH_(3), volatile organic acid (VOA) during the pig manure composting using of the Pyroligneous acid liquor (PAL). The odor removal efficiencies were evaluated throughout the dilution rates (x0, x100, x300) of PAL. The results of the study are as followings. NH_(3) content in all treatments (volume 10L) was approximately 8 mg/kg in compost piles on the first day. In the case of control treatment, it was increased by 46 mg/kg within 10 days and was not detected after 25 days. In contrast, those levels in PA-100 and PA-300 treatments were similar values at 38 mg/kg within 6 days and decreased after 15 days. And GC. equipment was used to analyze the volatile organic acids (acetic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, isovaleric aicd, 2,3-methylbutyric aicd, and propionic acid). The concentration of acetic acid and butyric acid were the higher than other VOAs during the initial composting day and sharply declined after 15 days. The VOAs in the control treatment were detected until 40 days, but PA-100 and PA-300 treatments were not measured after 15 days. The PA-100 in all treatments was the most effective treatment for NH_(3) gas and VOAs reduction during composting. In addition, these studies for the odor reduction in compost manufacture process would have to research on more effective methods for the PAL utilization in agro-biological aspects

급성심근경색증을 가진 한국인에 있어 Chlamydia Pneumoniae 감염의 영향에 대한 연구

이은미,오동주,황교승,안정천,송우혁,임도선,박창규,김영훈,서홍석,심완주,노영무,정희진,김우주,김종헌,송기준 대한순환기학회 2000 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.30 No.4

정모두부방사선사진 촬영시 두부의 수직회전에 따른 투사오차

고은희,이기헌,황현식,성재현 전남대학교 치의학연구소 2002 구강과학 Vol.14 No.4

This study was performed to find out how much projection errors in the cephalometric measurements were made by vertical head rotation in taking posteroanterior cephalograms. 25 adults without any apparent facial asymmetry or severe sagittal skeletal discrepancy were selected and the posteroanterior cephalograms were taken with the head rotated 5˚, 10˚ superior and inferior each to the reference position(0˚), The 7 height. 5 width and 6 angular measurements were taken at each 5 positions. Through the statistical analysis of all measurements taken at each rotated position, following results were obtained. 1. The projection errors of height measurements were remarkably larger than those of width or angular measurements. 2. Among the height measurements, the farther to the rotation axis the measurements were. the larger the projection errors were. 3. Among the width measurements. mandibular width and intermolar width of mandibular first molars showed significant differences between the values taken at each rotated position. while nasal width, maxillary width and intermolar width of maxillary first molars did not. 4. Among the angular measurements. the angle between horizontal reference line and the line that is connected to crista galli and antegonion or maxillare showed significant differences between the values taken at each rotated position. The above results suggest that it is needed to the effort to keep constant head rotation for taking the useful posteroanterior cephalogram, because projection errors are caused by vertical head rotation.

티타늄 상에 강유전성 barium titanate 박막 형성과 분극처리에 의한 유사체액 내에서의 calcium phosphate 생성 증진

박영준,이용렬,황규석,김은주,임용무,이기헌 대한치과기재학회 2001 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.28 No.2

This study was performed to fabricate a ferroelectric barium titanate (BaTiO₃, BTO) thin film on Ti substrate and to evaluate the effect of poling treatment for the improvement of calcium phosphate (Ca-P) formation. BTO thin-film was spin-coated on Ti substrate by dipping-pyrolysis technique using coating sol obtained by mixing Ba-naphthenate and Ti-naphthenate as starting substances. Pre-heating temperature of the BTO thin film was performed at 500℃ because organic-solvent was completely volatilized without any crystal growth, and the final heat treatment was performed at 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850℃, respectively. By repeating the coating and pre-heating procedure gor 20 times, homogeneous thin film of 0.7㎛ thickness could be fabricated, and it performed well during the poling treatment without breakdown. The final heating treatment of the BTO thin film at 750℃ produced a homogeneous crystalline structure without heterogeneous TiO₂formation, which was confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and X-ray diffraction analyser (XRD). An average grain size of 20∼30 ㎚ were confirmed by SEM observation. The final heat-treated BTO thin-films were polarized (Ep = 5 V/㎛) from 160℃ to 25℃ in heating chamber for 2 h. The negatively poled BTO thin film (N-BTO), non-poled BTO thin film (BTO), Ti substrate (Ti), and 600℃ heat-treated Ti (Ti-O) were immersed in SBF and Eagle's MEM solution for 15 days at 37℃. After the immersion period, the morphological and compositional changes of the surfaces were investigated using a FE-SEM and an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX). After immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF), sodium chloride (Nacl) crystals were formed on Ti, Ti-O, and BTO surfaces due to anion adsorption (Cl), while Ca-P crystals were formed on N-BTO surfaces. We assumed that rapidly adsorded cations (Ca²□ ions) on the negatively charged surface at the initial stage acted as nuclei for the formation of Ca-P crystals. In MEM, sodium chloride (NaCl) was formed on Ti, and Ca-P layer including NaCl was formed on Ti-O. Weak and sparse Ca-P layers were formed on BTO, while thick, homogeneous, and dense Ca-P layer was formed on N-BTO, which was confirmed by FE-SEM and EDX. These results demonstrated that introducing a N-BTO on Ti is an effective method for the improvement of Ca-P formation in SBF and MEM. In conclusion, negatively charged ferroelectric BTO thin-film on Ti would improve the possibility of implant osseointegration.