논문 : 『고려대장경』 각성인의 참여형태와 조성공간 : Peoples and the Places

최연주 한국중세사학회 2004 한국중세사연구 Vol.0 No.16

This paper is a study on the participation method of Kakseongins(刻成人) and the engraving location of Goryeodaejangkyeong(高麗大藏經). The compared and classified the participation method of Kakseongins in Goryeodaejangkyeong work. And the investigated how each pictorial book was made and how they managed the process. The participation method of Kakseongins can be divided into two types. The first type is engraving on wood of one whole volume by only one Kakseongin. The second type is making one volume by more than two Kakseongins. The synergic work of more than two Kakseongins was done in accordance with unit one volume. The synergic participation method was very popular after the 30th year of Kojong(高宗) when Bunsadogampan(分司都監板) began to be produced. At the beginning of engraving, both of the two types went side by side. But after the 30th year of Kojong, the first type decreased and the second type increased. It was changed but to a synergic involvement method of a plate of the sutras center after the Bunsadogampan was produced. So that the sutra of the engraved since an ancient the 30th year of Kojong was the newcomer than former time and had consequently plenty Kakseongin. This is understood an awakening business organization of the Daejangdogam(大藏都監) and Bunsadogam(經板) structure setup as the result to be reflected. The wood engraving location or furtherance location of the Kyeomgpan(分司都監) which is the empty room is not a specific area. We are namely the government office empty room and employee existing location which is established anew. We were made up his task at same time and made finally in the Daejangdogam or Bunsadogam. An each pictorial book had particular operation system. One Kakseongin worked in both Daejangdogam and Iunsadogam in the same year, and it reflects that the two organizations had does cooperation system. The Goryeodaejangkyeong was consist of Daejangdogam-the central organization, and ßunsadogam-nation-wide organization system, and wood engraving location-the sub-structure under each Dogam(都監) organization system. The wood engraving location seems to have contained the maintained before national wood engraving location, temples and new built wood engraving location. The furtherance location of pictorial an each book under influence of constructed therefore strict cooperation system.

OB-63 : Positive effects of Teratogenic risk counseling in pregnant women inadvertently exposed to medications

( Hyo Yeon Gwak ),( Jung Eun Lee ),( Ju Young Choi ),( So Yeon Kim ),( Song Mi Park ),( June Seek Choi1,),( Hyun Kyong Ahn ),( Min Hyung Kim ),( Jin Hoon Chung ),( Moon Young Kim ),( Hyun Mee Ryu ),( 대한산부인과학회 2014 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.100 No.-

목적: To evaluate the positive effects of teratogenic risk counseling in pregnant women inadvertently exposed to medication in early pregnancy. 방법: In a prospective cohort study, 250 pregnant women exposed to medications in early pregnancy were recruited after teratogenic risk counseling at Korean MotherSafe Counsling Center, which has given information about teratogenic risk of medication to pregnant women. Positive effects are evaluated by visual analogue scale(VAS) for perception on teratogenic risk and percent prefering termination of pregnancy after medication exposures in pregnancy. 결과: Mean age of participants is 31.8±5.3years old. Mean gravidity is 2.4±2.1. Medications exposed in early pregnancy include antibiotics, analgesics, anti-inflammatory drugs, antacid and so on. Mean perceptive teratogen risk before and after the counseling is 33.9±1.6% and 15.8±1.6%, respectively. And mean percent prefering termination of pregnancy (≥5) before and after the counseling is 31.1±1.9% and 13.5±1.7%, respectively. 결론: Our data suggest that information on teratogenic risk for pregnant women inadvertently exposed to medication may have positive effects for reassuring pregnant women and preventing termination of pregnancy.

폐경전 여성에서 혈중 성호르몬결합글로불린 농도와 산화스트레스의 연관성

최영주,오지영,홍영선,성연아 대한내분비학회 2004 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.19 No.1

연구배경: 여성에서 남성화의 간접적인 지표인 SHBG 농도는 인슐린저항성과 관련되며, 심혈관질환의 위험을 예측할 수 있는 지표로 보고되었다. 심혈관질환의 위험인자들이 산화스트레스의 증가와 관련되며, 최근 남성 호르몬의 증가와 인슐린저항성을 특징으로 하는 다낭성난소증후군 환자에서 성호르몬과 산화스트레스가 관련된다는 연구결과가 있다. 본 연구는 SHBG와 산화스트레스의 연관성을 규명하기 위하여 시행되었다. 방법: 당뇨병, 고혈압, 심혈관질환의 과거력 및 흡연력이 없는 폐경전 여성 46명을 대상으로 하여 방사 면역계수법으로 SHBG를 측정하였으며, ox-LDL은 효소면역측정법으로, TAS 및 MDA는 분광광도계로 측정하였고, SHBG와 산화스트레스를 나타내는 지표들간의 연관성을 관찰하였다. 결과: 1. 정상내당능군과 내당능장애군간에 SHBG와 MDA 농도는 유의한 차이가 없었으며, TAS는 내당능장애군에서 정상내당군에 비해 유의하게 높았다(1.41±0.15 mmol/L, 1.30±0.17 mmol/L, p=0.034). 2. SHBG 농도는 비만군에서 비비만군에 비해 유의하게 낮았다 (56.6±34.2 nmol/L, 76.0±23.8 nmol/L, p=0.036). 3. SHBG 농도는 체질량지수 (r=-0.394, p=0.007), 당부하후혈당(r=-0.326, p=0.027), 허리둘레(r=-0.323, p=0.029), 허리 대 허벅지둘레비 (r=-0.308, p=0.037), 공복인슐린 농도 (r=-0.387, p=0.008), 내장지방면적 (r=-0.339, p=0.021)과 유의한 음의 상관관계가 있었고, 인슐린 감수성지표와는 유의한 양의 상관관계(r=0.397, p=0.008)가 있었다. 4. SHBG 농도는 MDA 농도 (r=-0.357, p=0.015) 및 ox-LDL 농도 (r=-0.367, p=0.014)와 유의한 음의 상관관계가 있었다. 5. 다중회귀분석에서 연령, 체질량지수, 당부하후혈당, 허리둘레, 공복인슐린 농도, 수축기 혈압, 고밀도지 단백콜레스테롤, 중성지방을 보정한 후 SHBG 농도는 MDA 및 ox-LDL에 유의하게 독립적으로 영향을 주었다. TAS에 영항을 주는 인자로는 공복인슐린 농도와 당부하후 혈당이 통계학적으로 유의하였고, SHBG는 유의한 관련성이 없었다. 결론: 폐경전 여성에서 SHBG의 감소는 산화스트레스의 증가와 관련되어 심혈관질환의 위험을 예견할수 있는 지표로 생각된다. Background: Low levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), an indirect index of androgenicity, are associated with insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk factors. The risk factors of the cardiovascular disease are known to be related to oxidative stress. In recent reports, sex hormones were associated with oxidative stress in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), which is characterized by increased androgenicity and insulin resistance. with NGT. Methods: To investigate the relationship between sex hormones and oxidative stress, we examined the association of malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant status (TAS), oxidized low density lipoprotein cholesterol (ox-LDL), and SHBG in 46 Korean premenopausal women. Results: 1. SHBG and MDA levels were not significantly different among the women with NGT and IGT. But, TAS was significantly lower (p=0.034) in the subjects with IGT than in the subjects with NGT. 2. The SHBG level was significantly lower (p=0.036) in obese women than in non-obese women. 3. The SHBG level was significantly inversely correlated with BMI (r=-0.394, p=0.007), post challenge glucose (r=-0.326, p=0.027), waist size (r=-0.323, p=0.029), waist-to-thigh ratio (WTR) (r=-0.308, p=0.037), fasting insulin level (r=-0.387, p=0.008), visceral fat area (VFA)(r=-0.339, p=0.021), and was significantly positively correlated with SI (r=0.397, p=0.008). 4. The SHBG level was significantly inversely correlated with levels of MDA (r=-0.357, p=0.015) and ox-LDL (r=-0.367, p=0.014). 5. In a multiple linear regression analysis, the SHBG level was a significant and independent factor for both MDA and ox-LDL. For TAS, the fasting insulin level and post challenge glucose were significant and independent factors. Conclusion: Increased androgenicity assessed by the decrease in serum SHBG levels is associated with the increase in MDA and ox-LDL. These results suggest that increased androgenicity in premenopausal women can contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases via increased oxidative stress (J Kor Soc Endocrinol 19:48∼57, 2004).

천연염료를 이용한 견섬의 염색성 및 증량효과 연구 : 오배자와 녹차를 중심으로 Focus on the Rhus. javanica. L. & Green Tea

최인려,김연주 誠信女子大學校 生活文化硏究所 2004 生活文化硏究 Vol.18 No.-

Human beings have dyed with natural dyes extracted from natural material and have developed dyes. But, due to limited extraction of raw materials, complex extraction process of dyes and much effort and cost for dyeing process. use of dyes has been decreased with the development of chemical dyes after 19th century. However, with the appearance of environmental problem, much interest in environmental-friendly natural dyes has been taken and many studies have been made for development of natural dyes. tannic acid treatment for silk has been much used as weighting process. Extract from Charyunmae, Yangmae and Rhus. of vegetable tannic acid is much used in tannic acid processing. Among them, Rhus., whose main ingredient is pyrogallol tannic acid. is used as mordant for cotton dyeing with basic dye. Also, Rhus, is effective for stypsis, hemostasis, detoxication, and antibacterial action in Chinese medicine, so it is prescribed for diarrhea, proctoptosis, stomach ulcer, duodenal ulcer, cold sweat, ganacratia, bloody stool, hematuria, and stomatitis. Containing tannic acid of 50~60%, it is raw material of hair dye or ink including tannic acid agent. Green tea, whose main ingredient is polyphenol, includes catechin of 10~15% at dry state. Catechin influences the quality of tea as a component of puckery taste, and recently the pharmacological effect of tea catechin is being highlighted. The purpose of this study is to do natural dyeing which is environmental friendly and added with high value and improve silk draping effect for fine appearance, using Rhus. and green tea having much tannic acid as dye and SnCl_(4) as mordant which is much used as silk weighting agent and mordant for natural dyeing. SnCl_(4) is mainly used as mordant for Rhus., however, SnCl_(2) and SnCl_(4) were used together as mordant to compare their silk weighting effect and it was confirmed that SnCl_(4) had higher weighting effect than SnCl_(2) in this study. Concerning the increase in dye concentration, in case of each 1% and 3% owf of mordant concentration, higher weighting effect was shown at 3% owf of mordant concentration. The more became mordant concentration and dye concentration, the more became weight increase. But, in case of using mordant at same concentration, weight increase was not significant though dye concentration became higher. There was little change in color despite increase of mordant from 1% owf to 3% owf. Therefore. there is no need to increase mordant concentration for bathochromic effect, and 1% of mordant concentration is proper. The rate of increase was desirable similarly at 1% owf of mordant concentration and 30% owf of dye concentration, and 3% owf of mordant concentration and 10%, 20% and 30% owf of dye concentration. Therefore, 3% owf of mordant concentration and 10% owf of dye concentration are proper for economic dyeing.

한국인의 간과 콩팥조직 내 수은 함유량의 참고치

최병선,박영주,권일훈,홍연표,박정덕 한국환경독성학회 2002 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.17 No.2

This study was conducted to investigate the reference value of mercury (Hg) in liver and kidney of Korean population. The mercury concentration in 244 'sudden and unexpected death' autopsies (male: 180, female: 64) aged from 0 to87 years was analyzed. The concentration of mercury was measured by atomic absorption spec(Perkin -Elmer Model 5100) with mercury/hydride generating system (FIAS 400). The contents of mercury in liver and kidney fitted well the log-normal distribution rather than normal distribution. Geometric mean concentration of mercury in liver and kidney was 0.115 ㎍/g wet weight and 0.149 μg/g wet weight, respectively. Geometric mean concentration of mercury in female was higher than in male (p<0.01). The mercury content in liver and kidney increased with age up to the forties and slightly decreased there-after, The regression model of mercury deposit in liver and kidney by age was predicted as the following equation : Log KHg=-1.0576+0.0045·Age -0.0001·Age²+0.0873·Sex, Log KHg=-1.0576+0.0152·Age-0.0002·Age²+0.1935·Sex. The liver burden of mercury was estimated to be 158.3~161.3μg in male and 163.0-166.9 ㎍ in female. The kidney burden of mercury was estimated to be 42.0~42.9 ㎍ in male and 55.5 ∼57.1 μg in female.

중앙 정책 서버 기반의 VoIP 스팸 대응 시스템 설계

김지연,최주영,김명주 서울여자대학교 컴퓨터과학연구소 2007 정보기술논문지 Vol.5 No.-

VoIP(Voice over Internet Protocol)는 IP 기반으로 운영되는 네트워크를 기반으로 음성 대화를 서비스해준다. 이처럼 개방된 네트워크를 통해 제공되는 VoIP 서비스는 비용이 저렴하고 다양한 부가 서비스를 제공한다는 장점을 제공하지만 IP망이 내포하고 있는 기본적인 보안 문제로 인해 대량의 스팸 콜을 발생할 수 있는 문제점도 안고 있다. 본 논문은 VoIP 활성화의 가장 큰 위협 요소인 SPIT(Spam over Internet Telephony)에 대응하는 방법으로서 블랙리스트 및 화이트리스트, 스팸 간편 신고 기법을 기반으로 중앙정책서버를 활용하는 VoIP 스팸 대응 시스템에 대한 새로운 모델을 제시한다. 제시된 모델에서는 중앙정책 서버를 통하여 스팸 콜 판정용 데이터를 중앙 관리하며, 이를 다수의 프록시 서버에 배포하여 적용하도록 함으로써 각 단말기에 발생 가능한 VoIP 스팸 콜들을 필터링할 수 있게 해준다. VolP provides a promising voice communication service based on IP network. In spite of VolP's several merits such as low cost and abundant additional services, VoIP suffers from some serious problems such that mass spam calls can be generated due to IP network's potential security weakness. In this paper, we suggest a new model of VoIP spam defense system using black list, white list and simple spam report together with a central policy server. In this model, you can filter out VolP spam calls by the gathering-analyzing-distributing mechanism among the central policy server and proxy servers.

除草劑에 依한 복숭아果樹園의 雜草 防除試驗

尹柱敬,崔福衍 全南大學校 農漁村開發硏究所 1977 農業科學技術硏究 Vol.12 No.-

最近 全南地方의 복숭아 果樹園에서 크게 問題視되고 있는 果樹園 雜草의 效率的인 藥劑防除를 爲하여 1976年부터 77年까지 2年에 걸쳐서 Paracol 40 E.C. Paraquat 24.5 E.C. Roundup 41 E.C.를 濃度, 回數, 時期를 달리해 一連의 防除實驗을 實施하였던 바 그 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1. 圃場實驗 1. 本實驗圃에 發生된 雜草의 種類는 9科 12種이었으며, 그 中 優点雜草는 쑥, 환삼덩굴, 망초, 여뀌, 소리쟁이, 둑새풀이었다. 2. Paracol과 Paraquat는 소리쟁이를 除外한 쑥, 환삼덩굴, 망초, 여뀌, 둑새풀에 對해 아주 優秀한 除草效果를 보여 주었으며, Paracol은 80g/10a, Paraquat는 100g/10a 濃度水準에서 95% 以上의 높은 殺草率을 나타냈다. 3. Roundup은 쑥, 환삼덩굴에 對해 200g/10a 濃度水準에서 95% 以上의 높은 殺草率을 보여 주었으나, 300g/10a 高濃度水準에서의 망초, 여뀌, 소리쟁이, 둑새풀에 對한 殺草率은 名名 73.1%, 81.9%, 70.4%, 58.8%로 Paracol이나 paraquat에 比하여 낮았다. 2. Pot 實驗 1. 藥劑의 撤布時期은 Paracol, Roundup이 다같이 開花期가 84.5%, 84.5%, 82,7%로 幼苗期의 72.1%, 74.3%, 71.5%나 生育盛期의 74.4%, 72.2%, 64.1%에 比해 높았다. 2. 藥劑의 撤布 回數에 따르는 殺草率은 Paracol, Paraquat, Roundup이 다같이 2回 撤布가 75%, 74.6%, 74.3%로 1回 撤布의 62.1%, 63.1%, 63.1%에 比하여 높았다. 3. 藥劑의 濃度, 時期, 回數에 따라 95% 以上의 殺草六을 보여 주었던 處理區 가운데 가장 效率的이라 생각된 區는 Paracol이 開花期에 80g/10a, 1回 撤布區와 幼苗期에 2回 撤布區와 幼苗期에 2回 撤布區였으며, Roundup은 開花期에 300g/10a 1回 撤布區와 幼苗期에 100g/10a 2回 撤布區였다. 끝으로 本 實驗을 遂行하는데 있어 積極的으로 協力해 주신 全北大學校 染 桓承 博士께 忠心으로 感謝를 드린다. Weeding in peach orchard, especially in spring and summer, is one of the most serious problems in Chonnam area. Control trials with several herbicides such as Paracol 40 E.C Paraquat 24.5 E.C and Roundup 41 E.C were carried out on the field as well as with the potted weeds for two years from 1976 to 1977. The results are summarized as follows: A. Field test 1. Weeds in peach orchard of the experimental farm, Chonnam National University were 12 species of 9 families, of which Artemisia oulgaris, Erigeron conadensis Humulus japonicus, Alopeculus aequalis, Rumex crispus and Polygonum hydropiper were the predominant ones. 2. All the weeds but Rumex crispus were effectively controlled by Paracol or Paraquat. Withering ratio of more than 95% was obtained by the application of 80g/10a of Paracol or by 100g/10a of Paraquat. 3. Roundup was proved to be less effective than the other two herbicides in controlling orchard weeds. Even though more than 95% of Artemisia vulgaris and Humulus japonicus could be controlled by 200g/10a, of Roundup only 73.1% of Erigeron eanadensis, 81.9% of Polygonum hydropiper, 70.4% of Rumex crispus, 58.8% of Alopeculus aequalis even by 300g/10a of Roundup. B. Pot test 1. Three kinds of herbicides, Paracol, Paraquat and Roundup were applied at different growing stages; seedling, vigorous vegetative growth, and flower bud formation. The difference in weeding effect among herbicides was not found. However, flower bud formation stage was proved to be the most appropriate time for herbicide application. The highest withering ratio of more than 81% was obtained from the application at flower bud formation stage compared to around 70% from those at other two stages. 2. Double applications of any herbicides resulted in about 75% withering ratios, which were higher than those (about 62%) form single application. 3. Among the treatments resulted in withering ratios of more than 95%, single application at flower bud formation stage or double applications at seeding stage with 80g/10a of Paracol, single application at flower bud formation stage or double applications at seedling stage with 100g/10a of Paraquat, and single application with 300g/10a at flower bud formation stage or double applications at seedling stage with 100g/10a of Roundup were considered as the effecient methods in controlling weeds in Peach orchard.

확장된 AMDR 기반의 원격의료용 센서네트워크 모델

성지연,최주영,김명주 서울여자대학교 컴퓨터과학연구소 2006 정보기술논문지 Vol.4 No.-

본 논문에서는 환자의 이동성과 경제적인 의료 서비스를 지원하는 미래의 원격의료시스템 후보의 하나로서 새로운 유비쿼터스 센서 네트워크(USN)의 모델을 해당 라우팅 방법과 함께 제시한다. 본 논문에서 제시하는 USN 모델은 기존의 AMDR이라는 평면라우팅 기법에 계층적 라우팅 기법을 접합하여 개선한 것으로서 전체적으로 4계층 구조를 취하고 있다. 이 모델은 기존의 AMDR 기반 센서네트워크모델에 비하여, 정보이동의 효율성을 제공할 뿐 아니라 병목현상을 극소화하는 등 현실 적용성이 우수하다. In this paper, we propose an improved ubiquitous sensor network (USN) model with its routing mechanism. This USN model is a promising candidate for the future telemedicine system guaranteeing both patient's mobility and cost-efficient medical services. In this USN model, we improved the current flat routing mechanism, called ADMR, by combining it with the hierarchical routing mechanism, Thus this USN model shapes a 4-layered hierarchical structure. This USN model shows more excellent adaptability in real sites due to both the routing efficiency and reduced traffic bottleneck than the ADMR-based USN.

Effect of the Ethanol Extract of Propolis on Formation of Streptococcus mutans Biofilm

Bog-Im Park,Yeon-Woo Jung,Young-Hoi Kim,Sang-Moo Lee,Lee-Seong Kwon,Kang-Ju Kim,So-Youn An,Na-Young Choi6,Yong-Ouk You 대한구강생물학회 2016 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.41 No.4

Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is one of the most important bacteria in the formation of dental plaque and dental caries. S. mutans adheres to an acquired pellicle formed on the tooth surface, and aggregates with many oral bacteria. It initiates plaque formation by synthesizing glucan from sucrose, which is catalyzed by glucosyltransferases. Propolis is a resinous mixture produced by honeybees, by mixing saliva and beeswax with secretions gathered from wood sap and flower pollen. Bees prevent pathogenic invasions by coating the propolis to the outer and inner surface of the honeycomb. Propolis has traditionally been used for the treatment of allergic rhinitis, asthma and dermatitis. We investigated the inhibitory effects of propolis ethanol extract on biofilm formation and gene expression of S. mutans. The biofilm formation of S. mutans was determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and safranin staining. We observed that the extract of propolis had an inhibitory effect on the formation of S. mutans biofilms at concentrations higher than 0.2 mg/ml. Real-time PCR analysis showed that the gene expression of biofilm formation, such as gbpB, spaP, brpA, relA and vicR of S. mutans, was significantly decreased in a dose dependent manner. The ethanol extract of propolis showed concentration dependent growth inhibition of S. mutans, and significant inhibition of acid production at concentrations of 0.025, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 mg/ml, compared to the control group. These results suggest that the ethanol extract of propolis inhibits gene expression related to biofilm formation in S. mutans.

참외 흰가루병에 대한 살균제의 예방 및 치료효과 검정

장태현,류연주,임혜정,임수진,최미영,정병룡,김철웅,이용세 한국환경농학회 2006 한국환경농학회지 Vol.25 No.1