Development of a Mobile Application, "Wild Flowers of Bukhansan National Park (version 1.0)", for Identification of Plants in Bukhansan National Park

Kim, Sang-Tae,Lee, Seung-Yeon,Kim, Seung-Chul,Byun, Hye-Won,Lee, Sang-Tae,Kim, Mu-Yeal,Hong, Seok-Pyo,Chung, Young-Jae,Park, Ki-Ryong,Lee, Chung-Hee,Lee, Joong-Ku,Heo, Kyeong-In,Lee, Ji-Ye,Lee, Eun-Je National Science Museum of Korea 2011 Journal of Korean nature Vol.4 No.3

We developed the educational purpose mobile application, named "Wild Flowers of Bukhansan National Park (version 1.0)", aiming for easy identification of wild flowers for students and visitors in the park. When visitors find a flower or part of plant in the park, visitors can search for its name utilizing the pictures and characters provided in their own smartphone mobile devices or tablet PCs. The application provides pictures of wild flowers in the park and character-based searching system based on 12 diagnostic features (e.g., growth form, leaf arrangement, flower symmetry, petal color, petal number, sepal number, etc). We adopted the complete floristic survey of Chung and Lee (1962) and added species that we confirmed their distribution in the park during the development of this application. In summary, number of vascular plants in this park was estimated to be 428 taxa including 100 families, 280 genera, 327 species, 1 subspecies, 50 varieties, and 5 formas. We provided a total of 588 pictures representing 358 taxa and each taxon includes multiple pictures in many cases. Included identification quizzes can be an efficient educational tool as well as fun activity for students and visitors who are learning plant species in Korea. Our next step will include GPS function in the application for indicating visitor's location and for providing previously reported sites of the species that we interested in the map of the park. The future application which includes GPS function will be a valuable tool for the monitoring of rare plants, plant researches related to the climate changes, etc. We currently provide Korean iPhone version only, and English version and both of android versions will be serviced soon.

Research Articles : Geographic Genetic Contour of A Leaf Beetle, Chrysolina aurichalcea (Coleoptera: Chysomelidae), on the Basis of Mitochondrial COI Gene and Nuclear ITS2 Sequences

( Joong Won Park ),( Sun Young Park ),( Ah Rha Wang ),( Min Jee Kim ),( Hae Chul Park1 ),( Iksoo Kim ) 한국잠사학회 2011 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.23 No.1

The leaf beetle, Chrysolina aurichalcea (Coleoptera: Chysomelidae), is a pest damaging plants of Compositae. In order to understand the genetic diversity and geographic variation we sequenced a portion of mitochondrial COI gene (658 bp) and complete nuclear internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) of the species collected from seven Korean localities. A total of 17 haplotypes (CACOI01~CACOI17), with the maximum sequence divergence of 3.04% (20 bp) were obtained from COI gene sequence, whereas 16 sequence types (ITS2CA01~ITS2CA16), with the maximum sequence divergence of 2.013% (9 bp) were obtained from ITS2, indicating substantially larger sequence divergence in COI gene sequence. Phylogenetically, the COI gene provided two haplotype groups with a high nodal support (≥87%), whereas ITS2 provided only one sequence type group with a high nodal support (≥92%). The result of COI gene sequence may suggest the presence of historical biogeographic barriers that bolstered genetic subdivision in the species. Different grouping pattern between COI gene and ITS2 sequences were interpreted in terms of recent dispersal, reflected in the ITS2 sequence. Finding of unique haplotypes and sequence types only from Beakryeng-Islet population was interpreted as an intact remnant of ancient polymorphism. As more samples are analyzed using further hyper-variable marker, further fruitful inference on the geographic contour of the species might be available.

한국인 안검의 생체계측지

박동만,송중원,한기환,강진성 大韓成形外科學會 1990 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.17 No.5

Plastic surgeons who frequently deal with trauma and deformity of the eyelids and orbits, need have an abundant knowledge of the accurate anatomical morphology and acceptable proportion of them. The normal value of the anatomical morphology and function of the eyelid has not yet been standardized in Korea. The authors measured anthropometry of normal Korean eyelids and statistically analysed in 2,151 individuals including 1,078 male and 1,073 female. Statistical analysis of these measurements offers valuable information about the chronological growth, size, and shape of healthy Korean eyelids. The results are as follows : 1. There was no significant statistical difference between the right and left sides in all measurements. 2. The growth of the eyelid reached the adult level at about 20 years of age and then the growth can be divided into 3 patterns, the first one slowly increased, the seconded one was a stationary, and the last one slowly decreased. 3. The following statistics were recorded for males and females. The cornea-lateral canthal distance was 7.9mm and 7.3mm, the diameter of the cornea was 13.8mm and 13.6mm cornea-medial canthal distance was 7.8mm and 7.5mm the horizontal dimension of the palpebral fissure was 29.7mm and 28.4mm, the vertical dimension of the palperbral fissure was 7.9mm and 8.0mm, the slant of the palperbral fissure was 9.5 degrees an 10.6 degrees, the intercanthal distance was 36.5mm and 37.2mm, the width of the glabella was 24.4mm,. and 24.1mm, the interpupillary distance was 66.1mm and 63.9mm, the ectocanthion-superior margin of the palpebral fissure distance was 14.9mm and 14.2mm, the endocanthion-superior margin of the palpebral fissure distance was 14.9mm and 14.2mm, the height of the opened upper eyelid was 10.3mm and 10.0mm, the height of the closed upper eyelid was 18.2mm and 18.1mm, levator function by the Berke's method was 16.2mm and 15.6mm, MLD was 7.2mm and 7.1mm, and MRD1, was 2.7mm and 2.6mm respectively. 4. The vertical dimension of the palpebral fissure, slant of the palpebral fissure, and height of the double eyelid fold were greater in females than males. The intercanthal distance and width of the glabella was nearly the same in males and females and other measurements were greater in males than females. 5. A double eyelid fold was seen in about 36% of males and 50% of females. The average height of the double eyelid fold with the eye closed in 20 year old females was 5.2mm and 30 to 50 year old females was 5.5mm. The most frequent shape of the double eyelid fold was type 5. 6. The epicanthus was present in 58.1% in this series and existed in over 90% under age 10, but disappeared in about 90% of the people over 50. The most frequent shape of the epicanthus was tarsalis type.

Pocine Adenovirus-3의 E1B Region의 鹽基序列 分析

朴鍾賢,宋載永,李重馥,玄芳勳,安東濬,車相昊,裵用泰,姜永源,Reddy, P S,全茂炯,安壽煥 충남대학교 생물공학연구소 1999 생물공학연구지 Vol.7 No.-

돼지 아데노바이러스(PAV-3). 6618주의 EIB region이 包含되어 있는 map unit 4.0에서 9.7까지의 유전자에 대한 1,984 bp의 염기서열을 決定하였으며, 이 結果를 알려진 여러 아데노바이러스 유전자와 비교하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. PAV-3의 EIB유전자는 10개의 ORF로 구성되어 있으며, 그 중 아데노바이러스의 단백질과 유사성이 있는 것은 ORF1, ORF2 및 ORF3이었다. ORF1은 Ad41의 19kd 와 BAV-2에서의 EIB ORF2에서의 아미노산의 一致率은 각각 32%와 31%이었다. 2. ORF2는 Ad2 55kd protein과 tupaia adenovirus 44kd protein가 각각 34%로 아미노산 一致率이 가장 높았으며, Ad41의 52kd protein. BAV-3의 EIB ORF3에서도 33%의 一致率을 보였다. 3. ORF1은 61-666 uncleotide (606 bp), ORF 2에서는 429-1,850 uncleotide (1,422 bp)의 부위로 각각 202, 474 a.a로 構成되었으며, 예상되는 분자량은 20 kd와 52 kd이었다. 4. ORF3는 hexon-associated pIX유전자로 추정되며 내부에 1개의 polyadenylation signal(ATAAA)이 1938-1942 uncleotide에 위치하였으며, 이 부위는 TATA box (1937-1942 uncleotide)와 중복되어 존재하였다. Porcine adenovirus type 3 (PAV-3) does not cause severe infection in pigs. Adenovirus has been suggestive of live vaccine vector carrying foreign gene. One of insertion regions is delayed early (EIB) region. However, EIB region of PAV-3 has not been molecularly characterized to date. Nucleotide sequence of EIB of PAV-3 was determined. The EIB region was composed of 1,984 bp and located between 4.0 and 9.7 map units. Three potential open reading frames(ORFs) with low level of homology to other adenoviruses and a polyadenylation signal were identified in the rightward direction of genome. The nucleotide and the predicted amino acid sequences of EIB were compared to those of human and animal adenoviruses. One of the three potential ORFs. ORF1 encoded a polypeptide homologous to bovine adenovirus type 2(BAV-2) ORF2 and human adenovirus type 41(Ad41) 19 kd protein. ORF2 encoded a polypeptide homologous to human adenovirus type 2(Ad2) 55 kd protein, bovine adenovirus type 3(BAV-3) ORF3 and porcine adenovirus type 4(PAV-4) ORF2. The predicted protein of ORF1 had homology to those of Ad41 and BAV-2 with 32 and 31% respectively, whereas the deduced protein of ORF2 had homology to those of Ad2. BAV-3 and PAV-4 with 34, 33 and 29%, respectively.

병원과 지역사회에서 메티실린 내성 황색 포도상구균(methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) 감염의 임상 분자역학 연구

박정원,이종섭,송준영,김철현,엄중식,정희진,김우주,박승철 대한화학요법학회 2002 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.20 No.2

목적 : 국내에서 1990년대 이후 중요한 병원균으로 대두되고 있는 methicillin-resistant S. ureus(MRSA)는 주로 입원환자에서만 분리되는 것으로 알려져 있으나, 최근들어 지역사회에서도 퍼져있는 것으로 알려지기 시작하였다. 이에 병원획득 및 지역사회획득 MRSA의 임상역학 및 분자역학적 연구를 통하여 획득요인, 병원과 지역사회 획득 균주간의 교류 양상등을 규명하고자 하였다. 방법 : 1998년 1월부터 12월까지 고려대 부속 구로병원에서 임상검체로부터 분리된 S. aureus 균주중에서 MRSA 균주의 빈도를 구하였고, 이중 1998년 10월 1개월 동안 분리되었던 42균주에 대하여 지역사회획득 균주와 병원획득 균주로 나누고, 임상역학적 조사를 하였다. 지역사회 획득 18주와 병원획득 22주에 대하여 PCR 방법으로 mecA 유전자를 확인하였고, PFGE를 시행하여 균주의 클론형(clonal type)을 결정하고 이 결과에 준하여 덴드로그램 분석을 시행하여 분자적 친밀도를 결정하였다. 결과 : 1998년 1년간 분리된 총 1,587주의 S. aeureus 균주중 73.8%(1,163주)가 MRSA 였다. 1998년 10월 1개월 동안 임상자료의 고찰이 가능하였던 MRSA 감염환자 42명 중 20명이 지역사회획득 환자였고, 병원획득 환자가 지역사회획득 환자보다 항생제사용 과거력(17 vs 5, p=0.001), 기저질환의 존재(18 vs 8, p=0.002) 등이 통계적으로 의미있게 높았다. 지역사회획득환자가 이루(7/20[35.0%] vs 2/22[9.1%] ; p=0.041)와 밀접한 관계가 있음도 확인하였다. 분자생물학적연구가 진행된 40주의 MRSA 균주는 모두 mecA 유전자 양성이었고, 18주의 지역사회획득 균주에서 총 8가지의 PFGE 클론형이 존재하였으며 A형이 가장 많았다(7/18, 38.8%). 22주의 병원획득균주에서는 6가지의 클론형이 존재하고 A형이 가장 많았으며(15/22, 68%), 15주의 지역사회획득 균주(83.3%)가 21주의 병원획득균주와 공통적인 클론형을 공유하고 있었다. 결론 : 지역사회 획득 MRSA는 주로 이루나 창상부위에서 많이 분리되는 반면 병원획득 MRSA는 객담에서 많이 분리되고 또한 당뇨병을 가진 환자에서 감염을 잘 일으키는 것으로 밝혀졌다. PFGE 분석 결과 원내감염은 단일균주에 의한 유행양상을 보였고, 지역사회에서도 같은 형의 균주에 의한 감염빈도가 가장 높음을 보여 MRSA 균주가 지역사회로 유입되어 지역사회내 MRSA 감염의 발생에 기여했을 것으로 사료된다. Background : Until recently, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection has been acquired primarily in hospital settings. During the late 1990s, the incidence of community-acquired MRSA infections has been increased in this university hospital. This retrospective study evaluated the clinical features and risk factors for community-acquired MRSA infection compared with hospital-acquired MRSA infection; and molecular relatedness of MRSA strains determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis(PFGE). Method: MRSA isolates collected from patients during October of 1998 were classified as community-acquired("community') or hospital-acquired("hospital") cases. MRSA infections were defined as hospital-acquired if organisms were isolated > 48 hours after admission to the hospital or isolated from patients with a history of admission to a hospital within the last 3 months. A comparative analysis of risk factors for community MRSA compared with hospital MRSA was performed. mecA gene PCR and PFGE of MRSA isolated was used as a tool of strain identification and molecular typing. Result : During one month, there were 42 patients with MRSA infection or colonization. Of 42 patients with MRSA isolates, 22(52%) were hospital cases and 20(48%) were community cases. Previous exposure to antibiotics(17 vs 5, p = 0.001) and presence of underlying diseases (18 vs 8, p = 0.002) were more common in hospital cases than in community cases. MRSA were more frequently isolated in otorrhea specimens from patients with otitis media in community cases compared with hospital cases. Of the 40 MRSA isolates subjected for PFGE typing, 18 were community isolates and 22 were hospital isolates. There were 8 distinct PFGE types among the 18 community isolates and type A was the most common clonal type (7/18, 38.8%). 22 hospital isolates were of 6 distinct PFGE types, and type A was dominant clonal type (15/22, 68%). PGFE subtyping indicated that 15(83.3%) of 18 community MRSA strains were clonally related with that of 21 hospital MRSA strains. Conclusion : Our results suggest that hospital MRSA strains may have disseminated in the community setting. PFGE subtyping support the finding that MRSA is circulating beyond nosocomial settings in the regional community.

접합면의 차이에 따른 두개골 외판의 생존

박성근,송중원,한기환,강진성,박관규 大韓成形外科學會 1991 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.18 No.3

Onlay graft of the calvarial bone has been popularized in craniofacial surgery because absorption of the calvarial bone is less than that of the endochondral bone. But the problems with using the calvarial bone are its rigidity and difficulty in setting a precise apposition. When the outer tables of the calvarial bone are used for augmentation and reconstruction of the convex zygoma, forehead, or chin, it is better to place the cancellous surface over the convex recipient bone to get a precise apposition. Whereas, it is better to place the cortical surface over the concave nose or orbital cavity to achieve a good apposition. Therfore, our study was designed to determine the differences of bone absorption and regeneration between cancellous and cortial bone contact to facial bone, and between preserved periosteum and detached periosteum in autograft of calvarial bone in dog models. Outer tables of the calvarial bone were placed in subperiosteal pockets of the upper and lower maxilla in four different ways : Group I ; The cancellous surface was placed in contact with the bare recipient bone, and the cortical surface attached with periosteum was accordingly contacted with the elevated periosteum of the recipient bone. Group Ⅱ ; The corical surface attached with periosteum was placed in contact with the bare recipient bone and the cancellous surface was contacted with the elevated periosteum of the recipient bone, Group Ⅲ ; The arrangenent was similar to Group Ⅰ except that the periosteum of the graft was deprived. Group Ⅳ ; The arrangement was similar to Group Ⅱ except that the periosteum of the graft was deprived. Volume measurements using a caliper technique and histological study were made 20 weeks postoperatively. The volume of maintenance is as follows ; Group Ⅰ, 84.2% ; Group Ⅱ, 77.6% ; Group Ⅲ, 77.0%, and Group Ⅳ, 69.5%. The histolgical contribution of living bone was assessed by a modified point counting technique : Group Ⅰ, 86.6%, Group Ⅱ, 83.8% ; Group Ⅲ, 79.6% and Group Ⅳ, 77.6%. Greater volume maintenance and histological contribution of living bone were found when cancelllous surface rather that the cortical were placed in contact with the recipient bone and the grafts from their periosteum were preserved. We concluded that in order to expect better survival of a grafted bone, the cancellous surface of the graft should contact with the recipient bone and that the periosteum of the graft should be preserved.

한국산 물푸레나무屬 주요 수종의 해부학적 특성

황원중,권구중,박완근,배영수,김남훈 한국목재공학회 2002 목재공학 Vol.30 No.2

물푸레나무속의 물푸레나무, 들메나무 및 쇠물푸레의 해부학적 특성을 광학현미경법과 화상분석법에 의해 조사하였다. 공시 수종간에 연륜 경계의 명확성을 비롯한 도관 요소의 직경, 축방향유조직의 배열상태, 구성세포의 비율에서 차이가 있었다. 구성요소의 방사방향 변이에 있어서, 목섬유 길이, 도관 요소 직경 및 길이는 수심 부위에서 작고 약 10∼15 연륜까지 증가한 후 안정되었다. 결론적으로 본 연구 결과는 물푸레나무속 세 수종의 식별자료 및 성숙재와 미성숙재를 구분하는 재질 지표치로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. Anatomical characteristics of Mulpurenamu (Korean ash, Fraxinus rhynchophylla), Deulmaenamu (Manshurican ash, Fraxinus mandshurica) and Sheamulpure (Sieboldiana ash, Fraxinus sieboldiana) grown in Korea were examined by an optical microscopy and an image analysis. Some characteristics such as boundary of annual rings, shape and size of vessel elements, arrangement of axial parenchyma cells in cross section, and cell volumetric composition showed significant differences between the sample species. In radial variation of elements, fiber length and vessel size increased from the pith for about 10 to 15 years and then reached a more or less constant. The results of this study can be used for identification of wood and indices of wood quality in Fraxinus spp.

韓國, 自由中國, 日本人 初中高校生의 體格과 營養狀態 比較에 關한 硏究

崔重明,朴良元,朴淳永 慶熙大學校 1989 論文集 Vol.18 No.-

On the basis of the presented data which look boy and girl students as their subjects in Korea. Japan and Republic of China in 1987, the author intended to compare and analyze the physique-growth status by age and sex. For that proposal, I had investigated the physical growths(body height, body weight, chest-girth and sitting height) of the three nations students from Aug. 26 in 1987 to Aug. 31. 1988 with the application of the medians of Korea. Republic of China and Japan. The results are as follows. A. Physical growth and development 1. Body height (㎝) In case of male students, Korean students ate superior in their body heights to Japanese students when they are before the year 14, but from 14 to 20 both of nations students are same. And then student of Republic of China are all inferior lo these of Korea and Japan through all these ages. In case of girl students, Koreans are taller than Japanese and Republic of China through all these ages. Chinese arc inferior in their heights to Koreans and Japanese until before the year 15. but same after that age. The interchange ages of the body height occured in the both sexes of 9.5-11.5 in Korean, 95-12.5 in Republic of China and 9.5-12.5 in Japan. During this period, girls are latter than boys, but after this period boys are taller than girls. Maximum growth age per year for male in Korea are the age 11-12(6.3㎝) and those for female are the age 10-11(6.73㎝): of Korean students, MGA appears one and two year earlier than that of Chinese and Japan. 2. Body weight (Kg) In case of male, Korean students show similar growing degrees through all the ages, and the students of Chinese and Japan indicate a little lower degree than Korean, In case of female, the similar phenomena are showed. The interchange ages of the body weight occured in the both sexes of 9.5-12.5 in Korean. 10.5-13.5 in Republic of China, and 10.0-13.5 in Japan. The MGA per year for male is the ages 12-13(5.45㎏) in Korea, 13-14 (5.46㎏) in Republic of China, and 13-14(6.5㎏) in Japan, while for female is the ages 10-11(5.07㎏) in Korea. 10-11 and 11-12(4.39㎏) in Republic of China, and 12-13(5.3㎏) in Japan, respectively. 3. Chest-girth (㎝) In case of both sexes, Korean students are superior of the chest-grith than Republic of China and Japan. The interchange ages of the chest-girth occured in the both sexes of 9.5-13.5 in Korea, 11.5-14.5 in Republic China and 10.5-13.5 in Japan. The MGA per year for male is the ages of 12-13(4.06㎝) in Korea, 13-14(4.7㎝) in Republic of China, and 13-14(3.77㎝) in Japan. While for female is the ages 10-11(4.58㎝), 12-13(3.92㎝), and 12-13(3.6㎝), respectively. The MGA of Korean male students appers one yeat earlier than thai of Chinese and Japanese, while for Korean female two years earlier than that of Chinese and Japanese. 4. Sitting height (㎝) Korean students are superior in their sitting height to Japanese student when they are before the year 15 in male and 16 in female; but after the year, Japanese students are superior. The interchange ages of the sitting height occured in the both sexes of 9.5-12.5 in Korean and 9.5-13.5 in Japan. B. Maximum growth age (M. G. A) Comparison growth age of Korean, Republic n| China and Japanese students are as follows.

PG의 부제 Building Block의 합성 연구

임중기,함원훈,박호군 성균관대학교 약학연구소 1990 成均藥硏論文集 Vol.2 No.1

Abstracts-Prostaglandins exhibit diverse pharmacological properties and are now recognized as local hormones that control a multitude of important physiological process. (R)-4-hydroxy-2-cyclope-ntenone is a very useful intermediate to synthesize the prostaglandin derivatives. The optically active cyclopentenone building blocks were synthesized in various ways ; by resoultion of the racemic hydroxy ketone ; by preparation from chiral natural products via resolved synthetic intermediates, by asymmetric synthesis, by microbial or enzymatic techniques, etc. The hydroxy ketone can be produced by preparation from chiral building block via microbial organisms. The key chiral building block is dimethyl-5-hydroxy-4R-hydroxy-2-oxopentane phosphate which can be synthesized the optically active cyclpentenone via Horner Emmon reaction. This paper describes the preparation of the chiral diol compound 2 in detail.

전두사골 수막뇌류 및 Saethre-Chotzen증후군에 의한 안와격리증의 치험

송중원,한기환,박성근,강진성 大韓成形外科學會 1991 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.18 No.2

본 교실에서는 전두사골 수막뇌류에 의한 안와격리증 2례는 두개내 접근으로 수막뇌류 절제술을 실시함과 동시에 두 개외 접근으로 안와내벽 및 외벽 절골술로써 교정하였으며 Saethre-Chotzen 후군에 의한 1례는 두개골 성형술과 U형 절골술로 교정하여 비교적 만족할 만한 결과를 얻을 수 있었기에 보고하는 바이다. The authors experienced two cases of mild hypertelorism with frontoethmoidal meningoencephalocele and one with Saethre-Chotzen syndrome. The first and second cases, which had nasofrontal and nasoethmoidal meningoencephalocele respectively, were corrected by resection of the meningoencephalocele, repair of the dura, and calvarial bone graft intracranially, and combined medial and lateral orbital wall osteotomy with augmentation rhinoplasty with calvarial bone grafts extracranially. To stabilize the orbital contents medially, a split osteotomy of the lateral orbital wall and interpositional bone graft were done in order to avoid step deformity of the lateral orbital rim. The third case, Saethre-Chotzen syndrome characterized brachycephaly, hypertelorism, ptosis of the eye lid, maxillary hypoplasia, lower set frontral hair line, and partial cutaneous syndactyly was corrected by a Modified Marchac technique for remodelling the forehead and a subcranial U-osteotomy for mild hypertelorism. Maxillary hypoplasia was corrected effectively by advancement on the medial portion of the U-shaped bony segment. Augmentaton rhinoplasty with calvarial bone graft and chip bone grafts on the anterior nasal spine was done simultaneously. A large amount of nasal bone grafts in two cases were absorbed, and then augmentation rhinoplasty using silicone implant was performed after 6 months, 12 months respectively. In mild hypertelorism with associated deformity, a extranial osteotomy with augmentation rhinoplasty and correction of associated deformities can offer good aesthetic results.