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최한규,조현종,백효선 江原大學校 産業技術硏究所 2010 産業技術硏究 Vol.30 No.B
Recently, there has been enormous damage due to river floodings caused by localized heavy rains. The direct discharge triggered by those torrential rains inflicts severe property damage on the residents of nearby areas. To minimize the possibility of river floodings in case of heavy rains and to predict the possible damage, the management of existing rainfall and water level observatories should be checked and prediction methods based on the characteristics of water usage and floodgate of nearby rivers must be further analyzed. Therefore, this research analyzed the water level change predictions on different spots with a regression equation of rainfall and water levels, using the observation data of the water level observatory in Jeongseon-gun, Gangwon Province and the rainfall observatory which are located on the upper region of the Han river.
스테레오정합을 이용한 물체의 3D 모델링과 깊이정보 추출에 관한 연구
최종갑,김태효,박영석 慶南大學校 附設 工業技術硏究所 2002 硏究論文集 Vol.20 No.-
본 논문에서는 스테레오 카메라로 입력된 영상을 3차원 모델링과 깊이정보 추출과 계측알고리즘을 제안하였다. 본 알고리즘은 스테레오 카메라에서 얻어진 2개의 영상으로부터 에지검출을 하고, 특이점들을 추출한다, 이로부터 좌·우 영상간의 대응점을 찾아서 정합시킨다. 영상정합시에 발생되는 폐색영역(occlusion region), 윤곽선잡음(boundary noise) 및 모호성(ambiguity)과 같은 오차성분을 제안한 알고리즘으로 오차를 줄일 수 있다. 실험 결과, 물체의 3차원 정합은 안정적인 정합을 보였으나 정밀한 부분은 1.97%이상의 오차가 발생하였고 전체구간에 대해서는 평균 1.308% 오차가 발생하였다. 이는 입력된 영상들에 대한 폐색, 잡음과 같은 오류성분으로 판단된다. 개선 방법으로 더 많은 각도에서 획득한 영상을 이용함으로써 해결할 수 있으리라 판단된다. In this paper, it is intended to be measured by extracting depth data and three-dimensional modeling of objects about images acquired from stereo cameras. In this algorithm, the edge detection is performed from the two images obtained by stereo cameras, then the features in the two images are extracted. The corresponding points are searched and matched from the left and right images. The proposed algorithm can be reduced the error components such as occluded region, boundary noise and ambiguity of the image feature points occurring when the two images are matched each other. In experimental results, 3D matching was stabilized. But, the errors occurred on detail parts by more than 1.97% and entire domain by 1.308% on the average. It determined to be occluded region, noises from camera images. It will be improved as many as images obtained from various angles.
최월용,정효진,채종인,하태인,정상렬,이광재,채병도,최영식 고신대학교 의학부 2004 高神大學校 醫學部 論文集 Vol.19 No.1
Teratomas are embryonal neoplasms that show characteristics of three germ cell layers(ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm). They are distributed in the following regions: sacrococcygeal(57%), gonadal(29%), mediastinal(7%), cervical(3%), retroperitoneal(4%), and intracranial(3%) regions. Non-gonadal treatomas present in infancy whereas gonadal are seen in adolescence. Especially, teratomas that occurred in midline neck of adult are very rare and are confused with thyroglossal duct cysts, cystic hygromas, and thyroid tumors. We report, along with the review of appropriate literature, a case of histopathologically confirmed benign teratoma in the midline neck of a 33 years old woman.
崔民淳,金鍾冕,趙正坤,蔡孝錫,姜明大,宋熹鍾 全北大學校 附設 畜産開發硏究所 1987 畜産開發硏究報告 Vol.1 No.-
A total of 189 strains (Streptococcus agalactiae and non-Streptococcus agalactiae 110, Staphylococcus aureus 63, and E. coli 16) isolated from bovine mastitie milk samples by "The Connecticut Mastitis Control Program" in dairy herds were examined for drug susceptibility to 8 drugs and analysed the rate of multiple resistant patterns. 1. All of the isolates were resistant to antimicrobial agents such as penicillin (PC), streptomycin (SM), kanamycin(KM), carbenicillin (CA), lincomycin (LM), gentamicin (GM), and tetracycline (TC), singly or multiply. The isolates were more susceptible to CA (84.1%),PC (78.9%), and SM (78.4%) than the the other drugs such as GM (51.8%), KM (48.7%), TC (19.6%) and LM (19.0%) in order. 2. The multiple resistant isolates (96.3%) were more than those of singly resistant isolates (3.7%) and 58 different drug resistant patterns were observed. Among 7 singly resistant isolates, CP was the commonest. While among 182 multiple resistant isolates, CP-KM-LM-TC-GM, CP-LM-TC, CP-LM-TC-GM, PC-CP-SM-LM-TC-GM, CP-KM-LM-TC, and CP-LM patterns were frequently encounted. 3. The strains of streptococcus spp. were more susceptible to CA (90.1%) and SM (82.9%) than the other drugs such as KM (43.2%), GM (38.7%), LM (13.5%), CP (10.8%) and TC (10.8%). Among them CP-KM-LM-TC-CM pattern was frequently encounted. 4. The strains of Sta. aureus were more susceptible to PC (74.6%),CA (69.8%), SM (65.1%) and GM (63.5%) than the other drugs such as KM (46.0%), CP (22.2%), TC (15.9%) and LM (9.5%). Among them CP-LM-TC pattern was commonly encounted. 5. The strains of E. coli were more susceptible to CA (100%) and KM (75.0%) tnan TC (9.5%). But the other drugs such as PC, SM, GM, CP and LM were not. Among them PC-CP-SM-LM-TC-GM pattern was commonly encounted.
혈액투석 중인 만성 신부전 환자에서 G 형 간염 바이러스의 감염률 및 임상적 의의
최규완,백승운,김정룡,이준혁,고광철,이종철,이윤하,김윤구,오하영,이효석 대한소화기학회 1999 대한소화기학회지 Vol.33 No.1
Background/Aims: We aimed to elucidate the prevalence and risk factors of HGV infection in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis, and to define the potential etiologic-role of HGV in the development of chronic liver disease. Methods: One-hundred and seventy-eigh patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis were included. After extraction of RNA from serum, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed using the primers from the NS5a region. The PCR products were analyzed by liquid hybridization. Results: The prevalence was 9.0% (16/178). The prevalence rates were not statistically different according to the presence (8.5%) or abscence (10.8%) of past history of blood transfusion, patient's age or maintenance duration of hemodialysis (p$gt;0.05). Anti-HBc-positive patients (12.4%, 16/129) showed significantly higher prevalence rate (p=0.01) of HGV infection than anti-HBc-negative patients (0%, 0/49). Twelve of the 14 HGV positive patients without co-infection showed persistently normal ALT level during a year of follow-up. Conclusions: The prevalence of HGV in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis is significantly higher than that of volunteer blood donors. HGV may share the route of transmission with adulthood HBV infection. The etiologic-role of HGV in the development of chronic liver disease may be considerably poor. (Kor J Gastroenterol 1999;33:78 - 89)
崔孝,蔡鐘德,崔俊 강릉대학교동해안지역연구소 1996 東海岸硏究 Vol.7 No.1
1911年 1月 1日부터 1993年 12月 31日까지 江陵 地域에서 나타난 氣象 特異 現象이 調査되었다. 日最高氣溫과 日最低氣溫은 1924年 7月 25日 39.40℃ 와 1915年 1月 13日에 -20.20℃였다. 日最低濕度가 1994年 1月 27日 3%와 月最低濕度는 1月에 52%가 나타났다. 瞬間最大風涑이 1983年 4月 27日에 41.6m/s의 매우 强한 突風이 記錄되었고, 日最大風速은 1958年 1月 15日에 36.7m/s을 나타내었다. 春季에는 襄杆之風이라는 强風이 出現하는데 3月과 4月에 35m/s 以上의 크기를 갖는다. 日最大降水量은 1921年 9月 24日에 305.5mm였으나 6月에서 9月까지 많은 量의 降水가 集中的으로 일어났다. 最深新積雪量은 1990年 1月 31日에 69.7cm 였으나, 12月과 2月에도 60.8cm와 67.2cm를 보이므로 12月에서 2月 사이에 높은 數値를 보인다. 降雪은 一般的으로 11月에서 4月까지 이루워지며, 降雪日數가 2月에 月平均 6.3日로 最大로 나타나고 있다. 江陵 地域의 降雪은 때때로 西風系에서 形成되기도 하지만, 주로 北東風 下에서 東海로부터 流入된 濕氣가 많은 空氣가 江陵을 거쳐 西側의 大關嶺으로 强制 上昇되면서 冷却되어 많은 降雪이 招來된다. 相(서리)가 나타나는 日數의 月平均 3月에 4.4日로 12月, 1月, 2月보다 越等히 많다. 그 理由는 夜間에 强風이 높은 傾斜를 갖는 大關嶺을 넘으면서 强한 下降氣流로 바뀌게 되어 上層의 매우 寒冷한 空氣가 地表로 下降하면서 地表 附近의 空氣를 冷却시켜 3月에 서리가 자주 發生하게 된다. 結氷日數는 平均氣溫이 가장 낮은 1月에 27.6日로 가장 높게 나타난다. 雨雹 出現의 月平均은 3月에 0.3日의 最大頻度를 나타내고 있으며, 3月에 江陵 地域에 부는 强한 西風이 大關嶺을 넘어면서 매우 大氣를 不安定하게 하여 上層의 구름 속에서 冷却된 氷晶이 地表로 下降하면서 雨雹을 形成한다. 주로 移流霧와 滑昇霧인 沿岸霧의 出現은 7月에 月平均 最大値가 3.5日이었다.黃沙現象은 中國에서 4月 初에 이루워지며, 江陵에서 月平均 最大頻度는 0.8日이었다. 그러나 近來에는 黃沙의 長距離 輸送에 依해 3日程度 視界의 不良이 發見되었다. 雷電은 6月에서 8月사이 降水量이 많을 때인 7月에 月平均 最大出現이 2.7日이었다. Particular meteorological phenomena observed at Kangnung city for 83 years from January 1, 1911 through December 31, 1993 were investigated. Daily maximum and minimum air temperatures were in the range of 39.4℃ on July 25, 1942 to -20.2℃ on January 13, 1915, respectively. Daily and monthly minimum relative humidities were 3% on January 27, 1944, and 52% in January. Instantaneous maximum wind speed was recorded with a magnitude of 41.6m/s as gust, on April 27, 1983, and daily maximum one was 36.7m/s on January 15, 1958. Strong winds called Yang-Kan- Chi-Pung appear in spring and had magnitudes over 35m/s in March and April. Although daily maximum rainfall amount was 305.5mm on September 24, 1921, a great amount of rainfall concentrically took a place in the Kangnung area from June through September. Maximum depth of accumulated new snow was 69.7cm on January 31, 1990, but as accumulated ones in December and February were also detected with depth of 60.8cm and 67.2cm, they were in the high magnitudes from December through February. Snowfall generally occurred from November through April and the maximum number of snowfall days was 6.3 as a monthly mean February. The snowfalls occasionally occurred under westerly winds, but mainly, heavy snowfalls were produced by cooling of humid air intruded from the East Sea through Kangnung, forcibly rising over Mt. Taegwallyung in the west, under north-easterly winds. Monthly mean of frostfall days had a maximum magnitude of 4.4 days in March and it was much greater than those in December, January and February. The frequent presence of frost happen to be in March, since the strong winds at night flowed over high steep Taegwallyung mountain and they became strong downslope winds, resulting in the cooling of air near the ground surface by downward motion of very cold air from the upper layer toward the ground. Maximum number of ice formation days showed 27.6 in January, when the monthly averaged minimum air temperature was observed. Monthly mean of hailfall occurrence had a maximum frequency of 0.3 day in March, and similary to the frost, as the strong winds rising over Mt. Taegwallyung induced very unstable condition of air near the mountain, ice crystals in the cloud of upper atmosphere came down to the ground, enhancing the formation of hails. Monthly averaged maximum occurrence of coastal fogs, which were generally advection and upslope fogs, had 3.5 days. As Yellow- sandy event is generated in China in the early April, its monthly averaged maximum frequency at Kangnung was also 0.8 day in April, but recently, about 3 days of bad visibility have been often detected at the city due to its long range transport. Thunder and lightening had monthly mean maximum occurrence of 2.7days in July, when the rainfall amounts showed high values from June through August.
한국인 제2형 당뇨병 환자의 골격근에서 인슐린 신호전달체계의 결함
최준혁,이관우,김효정,이동훈,이종우,김정은,엄현채,김경미,최성이,정윤석,김현만 대한내분비학회 2002 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.17 No.5
연구배경: 제2형 당뇨병에서 나타나는 인슐린 저항성은 간, 지방, 근육 같은 말초조직에서 인슐린의 작용이 떨어지는 것을 말한다. 제2형 당뇨병의 발생기전에 인슐린 저항성과 인슐린 분비능 저하가 같이 관여함은 잘 알려진 사실이다. 인슐린의 세포내에서의 저항성을 규명하기 위한 인슐린의 세포내 신호전달체계에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있으며 몇몇 연구에서 인슐린 저항성을 가진 골격근육에서 IRS와 관련된 PI3-kinase의 활성감소와 Akt kinase의 활성감소를 보고하고 있으나 아직까지 명확하게 그 기작이 설명되어지지 않고 있다. 본 연구에서는 정상성인, 제2형 당뇨병 환자를 대상으로 경구당부하검사 및 인슐린 클램프검사를 시행하고 인슐린 클램프 검사시 대상인의 근육을 채취하여 인슐린 신호전달 체계(IR-β, IRS, Akt(PKB, Rac) kinase, GSK-3)를 연구하였다. 방법: 연구대상자는 한국인으로서 경구당부하검사상 정상인 및 당뇨병 환자 각각 11명, 9명을 대상으로 하였으며, 정상인은 건강인으로 과거력상 당대사에 영향을 줄 질환이 없고, 현재 당대사에 영향을 줄 약물 복용 및 다른 소견이 없는 경구당부하검사상 정성 내당능을 보이는 대상자로 하였다. 당뇨병환자는 모두 제2형 당뇨병 환자로 이환기간이 만 5년 이내인 경우로 하고, 인슐린으로 치료하는 대상자는 제외하도록 하였다. 대상자의 연령, 체질량지수, 체지방량, 공복시 총콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 고밀도지단백 콜레스테롤 및 HbA1c, 인슐린, C-peptide를 측정하였고, "HOMA model"을 이용하여 베타세포의 기능와 인슐린저항성 정도를 평가하였다. 정상혈당클램프 검사(euhlycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp test)를 시행하고 인슐린 투입 전과 인슐린 투입 30분후, 두차례에 걸쳐 대퇴부 근육생검을 실시한후 western 법으로 IR-β, IRS, Akt kinase, GSK-3의 인산화량을 측정하였다. 결과: 정상인 11명과 당뇨병 환자 9명을 대상으로 하였으며 대상자의 평균 연령, 평균 체질량지수, 체지방량, 허리/엉덩이 둘레의 비(waist hip ratio; WHR)는 두 군간에 차이가 없었다. 평균 공복혈당은 정상군 98.0±0.3㎎/dL, 당뇨병군 208.1±16.5㎎/dL(p<0.05), HbA1c는 정상군 5.4±0.5%, 당뇨병군 9.2±0.6%(p<0.05)였다. "HOMA model"을 이용한 베타세포의 기능과 인슐린저항성은 정상군 56.4±8.5%, 1.4±0.2, 당뇨병군 72.2±52.3%(p<0.01), 10.2±6.3(p<0.01)였으며 정상혈당클램프 검사상 포도당 이용률은 정상군 8.2±0.6㎎/㎏/min, 당뇨병군 3.7±1.1㎎/㎏/min(p<0.01)로 정상군과 당뇨병군간에 유의한 차이를 나타내었다. Western blot법으로 IR-β, IRS, Akt kinase, GSK-3의 인산화량을 인슐린 투입전과 인슐린 투입 30분후 측정하였을 때 IR-β에서는 정상군이 103.9±2.3에서 241.3±18.6, 당뇨군이 108.9±2.2에서 198.7±6.3으로 증가하였다(p=NS). 이는 인슐린 투입후 당뇨병군이 정상군과 비교하여 인산화량의 증가정도가 통계적인 차이가 없었다. IRS에서는 정상군이 111.6±7.3에서 295.6±17.2, 당뇨군이 114.5±6.1에서 222.0±23.2로 증가하였으며(p<0.05), 인슐린 투입후 당뇨병군이 정상군과 비교하여 인산화량의 증가정도가 약 24% 감소하였다. Akt kinase에서는 103.4±6.0에서 416.8±29.5로 증가하였으며(p<0.01), 인슐린 투입후 당뇨병군이 정상군과 비교하여 인산화량의 증가정도가 약 43% 감소하였다. GSK-3에서는 정상군이 107.7±6.7에서 595.7±28.1, 당뇨군이 104.3±4.8에서 443.3±12.9로 증가하였으며(p<0.01), 인슐린 투입후 당뇨병군이 정상군과 비교하여 인산화량의 증가정도가 약 25% 감소하였다. 결론: 제2형 당뇨병 환자에서 정상인과 비교하여 인슐린 자극후 IR-β는 인산화량의 증가정도가 큰 차이가 없었으나, IRS, Akt kinase, GSK-3에서는 인산화량의 증가 정도가 감소되는 것으로 보아 상위 인슐린 신호전단체계부터 결함이 있는 것으로 생각된다. Background: The glucose uptake rate is the limiting step in glucose utilization and storage. The failure of insulin to stimulate glucose uptake in muscle appears to be a primary defect of insulin resistance. This study was undertaken to examine the effect of physiological hyperinsulinemia on the phosphorylation of the insulin receptor (IR-β), insulin receptor substrate (IRS), Akt kinase and GSK-3 in isolated skeletal muscle, in people with type 2 diabetes(n=9) and control subjects(n=11). Methods: 75g OGTT and euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp test were done. And vastus lateralis muscle was obtained before and 30 min into the euglycemic clamp. Western blots were performed for tyrosine phosphroylation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS) and phosphorylation of the insulin receptor(IR-β), Akt and GSK-3. Result: There were no statistical differences in the mean age, BMI and body fat between the control subjects and diabetic patients. The fasting blood sugar and HbA_1c in controls and diabetic patients were 98.0±0.3 and 208.1±16.5ng/dl, and 5.4±0.5 and 9.2±0.6%, and 1.4±0.2 in the control subjects, and 72.2±52.3%(p<0.01) and 10.2±6.3(p<0.01) in the diabetic patients, respectively. The insulin resistance from the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp test were 8.2±0.6㎎/㎏/min and 3.7±1.1ng/㎏/min in the control subjects and in the diabetic patients, respectively(p<0.01). Compared with the normal controls, insulin-stimulated IR phosphorylation was no different to that in the diabetic patients. However, insulin-stimulated IRS phosphorylation, insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation and insulin-stimulated GSK-3 phosphorylation were reduced in the diabetic patients compared with the normal controls by 24, 43 and 25%, respectively(p<0.05). Conclusion: In Korean type 2 diabetic patients, the insulin resistance may be due to the impairment of the upstream insulin signal molecular network. Further studies will focus on determining whether these signaling defects are the cause of the development of insulin resistance, or secondary to the altered metabolic state, associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (J Kor Soc Endocrinol 17:685∼697, 2002).
김종배,박효상,김창환,이용규,최봉주,장학원 啓明大學校 醫科大學 1997 계명의대학술지 Vol.16 No.2
Cyclosporin is a relatively new immunosuppressive agent which has been used to prevent organ transplant rejection, to treat type-I diabetes mellitus and several other autoimmune disorders. It is anticipated that the therapeutic use of cyclosporin will increase progressively in the future to treat numerous other disorders. As its clinical use broadens, it will needed for health professionals to be familiar with the beneficial effects as well as some of the undesirable side effects of cyclosporin therapy. A side effect of this drug in dentistry appears to be pronounced gingival hyperplasia. Cyclosporin induced gingival hyperplasia is indistinguishable from gingival hyperplasia induced by phenytoin and nifedipine in clinical and histopathologic finding. We experienced two cases of gingival hyperplasia secondary to cyclosporin therapy in patients, 48-year old & 28-year old females who received a kidney allograft transplant. Clinical examinations revealed a severely overgrown and inflammed gingiva. Surgical excision of the excess tissue was accomplished under local anesthesia. On follow-up check, gingival hyperplasia in a 48-year old patient whose oral hygiene was very poor showed successive recurrence after three times surgical excision, another patient who could control oral hygiene thoroughly showed good healing. Conclusively, it seems to be very important to control oral hygiene thoroughly to decrease occurrence and recurrence of cyclosporin-induced gingival hyperplasia.
정효희,김재열,최진호,유신,윤성운,홍철,김종문 한국공작기계학회 2008 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.-
As importance part of extruder, hopper(Hopper) been raw material supply wealth, main frame that screw and barrel that transformation of supply raw material attains are because deformed raw material is fearful finally extrusion to done dies attain. Extruder is divided by greatly above 3 but hopper has assembled in dehumidification of raw material and supply of smooth raw material, and make in Melt state as raw material is stabilized because main frame consists of screw and barrel and Melt does anaphora as done material is stabilized. And dies that is last part between barrel with screw anaphora done Melt material as is stabilized without causing change that is much depending on anaphora of screw from dies way out as correct product produce make to. In this treatise, make anaphora can present ideal dies basis design using CFdesign that is heat & flow analysis programs so that can produce detailed product through pipe channel flow analysis of stable dies applying anaphora value of do polymer raw material in Screw.
한국 재래식 된장과 고추장의 숙성 중 미생물, 효소활성 및 주요 성분의 변화
이종수,권수진,정성원,최영준,유진영,정동효 한국미생물생명공학회 ( 구 한국산업미생물학회 ) 1996 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.24 No.2
재래식 된장과 고추장의 가스 발생을 억제하여 저장성을 향상시키기 위한 생물공학적 방법을 개발하고자 먼저 재래식 된장(봄메주 된장과 가을메주 된장)과 고추장(순천식)을 제조하여 4개월간 숙성시키면서 미생물과 효소활성 및 주요 성분의 변화를 조사하였다. 호기성 세균은 된장과 고추장 모두 숙성 60일까지 증가한 후 큰 변화가 없었고 혐기성 세균은 숙성기간 동안 된장에서는 10^7~10^8/g, 고추장에서는 10^5~10^6/g이었으며 효모는 된장에서는 숙성 15일까지 급격히 증가한 후 변화가 없었으나 고추장에서는 숙성 15일에 출현하여 60일까지 10^6/g으로 증가하였다. α-amylase 활성은 가을메주 된장에서, glucoamylase는 고추장에서 숙성기간 전반에 걸쳐 제일 높았고 산성 protease와 중성 protease 활성은 대체로 숙성 15일~30일경에 최대를 보였다. pH는 된장에서는 숙성 60일까지 7.0까지 높아졌지만 고추장은 숙성기간 내내 pH 5.0으로 낮아졌다. 수분은 봄메주 된장과 고추장에서 숙성이 진행됨에 따라 낮아져서 숙성 120일 후 40%이었으며 환원당은 고추장에서 숙성 15일까지 19.9%로 증가한 후 감소하는 경향이었다. Changes in microorganisms, enzyme activities and major components of two types of Doenjang prepared with spring Meju and autumn Meju and Kochujang were investigated during 5 months of fermentation. The viable cell counts of aerobic bacteria in Doenjang and Kochujang were increased up to 60 days of fermentation, but viable cell counts of anaerobic bacteria did not show remarkable changes during fermentation. Viable cell count of yeast showed a rapid increase up to 15 days of fermentation in Doenjang and 60 days in Kochujang. It was found that α-amylase activity of autumn Meju Doenjang and glucoamylase activity of Kochujang were higher than the other. Acidic and neutral protease showed the highest activity during 15~30 days of fermentation. The pH of Doenjang was increased up to pH 7.0 until 60 days of fermentation, but pH of Kochujang gradually decreased during fermentation. Moisture content of spring Meju Doenjang and Kochujang decreased to 40% during fermentation and reducing sugar content of Kochujang increased up to 15 days of fermentation, but decreased after that.