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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : ( John C Ham ) (검색결과 5 건)
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Bargaining Power within the Family in South Korea
John C. Ham,Heonjae Song 한국재정학회(구 한국재정·공공경제학회) 2009 한국재정학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.3
In this paper we consider net transfers to parents from adult children and net transfers from other parents to adult children in Korea. In doing so, we extend the literature on interfamily transfers in several ways. First, for a given couple, both sets of parents enter the optimization problem. Second, we develop and estimate nonlinear econometricmodels where the amount of transfers to the husband’s (wife’s) parents is assumed to depend on the couple’s income, the husband’s parents’ income, the wife’s parent’s income, and the bargaining power of husband (wife) within the family. Further, we argue that it is plausible that each spouse cares more about their parents than their in-laws, and thus such transfers are a form of semi-private consumption. Moreover, such transfers are economically important. Thus we also extend the literature by being able to observe bargaining over semi-private consumption that is important economically. We consider two models for these two-way transfers. The first model allows for bargaining between husband and wife, and between each spouse and their parents. We first assume that the couple is our topic in the sense that they do not consider potential transfers from parents when dividing their household income. The second model is a dynastic collective model involving the couple and both sets of parents where the couple is forward looking. We estimate these models on panel data from South Korea (2001–2005) and find that the data supports the first model but not the second. Further, we obtain relatively precise estimates of bargaining power parameters and find that we cannot reject equal bargaining power between husbands and wives.
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( John C Ham ) 한국국제경제학회 2015 한국국제경제학회 동계학술대회 Vol.2015 No.-
Altruism plays an important role in many economic models, and a major question is whether it differs by gender. For example, Behrman and Rosenzweig look at a model where bargaining (within a collective framework) determines the transfer of time from adult couples to their parents in the US; transfers to parents are an attractive area for examining bargaining power since it is plausible (and supported by data) that the wife cares more for her parents than her husband``s parents and vice-versa. However, to identify their model they must assume that men and women have equal altruism parameters. On the other hand, Ham and Song (2014) estimate a structural model where bargaining (within a collective framework) determine of monetary transfers from South Korean (SK) couples to their parents (and vice-versa); they allow husbands and wives to have different altruism parameters by using experimental evidence of the effect of gender for SK college students on altruism. In other words they solve the identification problem by using additional data. In this paper we use a different type of additional data allow for gender differences in altruism in our structural bargaining model. Specifically we now incorporate monetary transfers from single, as well as married, children to their parents to identify the model. Adding single individuals to the analysis allows us to specify and estimate altruism parameters that depend on both gender and marital status. In out modeling we allow for the fact that a significant portion of parents receive zero transfers (as in previous work), and the fact that the equation describing the contribution to one set of parents depends on whether the couple is also giving to the other set of parents (unlike in previous work). We find that one``s altruism toward his or her parents is a function of their age for both men and women, but is a function of marital status only for men. Controlling for marital status, we find that men and women exhibit same degree of altruism. Finally, our results suggest that holding demographic characteristics constant, the husband and wife have equal bargaining power when determining transfers to the parents.
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Control of membrane biofouling by 6-gingerol analogs: Quorum sensing inhibition
Ham, So-Young,Kim, Han-Shin,Jang, Yongsun,Sun, Peng-Fei,Park, Jeong-Hoon,Lee, John Seungwu,Byun, Youngjoo,Park, Hee-Deung Elsevier 2019 Fuel Vol.250 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Biofouling is a major problem in operating reverse osmosis (RO) processes. Although biocides such as chlorine are commonly used to reduce biofouling, their strong oxidative activity and toxicity negatively affect the operation of RO processes. 6-gingerol analogs, structural derivatives of the main component of ginger, are quorum sensing (QS) inhibitors. In this study, 6-gingerol analogs were applied to reduce biofouling in RO processes. The 6-gingerol analogs could inhibit <I>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</I> biofilm formation at low concentrations via QS disrupting activities without affecting the growth of the species. Notably, 6-gingerol analogs increased the permeate flux 36–52% in the operation of a model RO unit, with no damage to the membrane surface physically and chemically. Therefore, the results of this study clearly demonstrated that 6-gingerol analogs are effective biofilm inhibitors that could be used to mitigate biofouling in RO processes.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> 6-Gingerol analogs reduced biofilm formation without bacterial growth inhibition. </LI> <LI> 6-Gingerol analogs did not affect morphology and chemical structure of RO membranes. </LI> <LI> Permeate flux was increased by treatment of 6-gingerol analogs. </LI> <LI> 6-Gingerol analogs could control biofouling by regulating the expression of QS related genes. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
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Bae, Ui-Jin,Park, Eun-Ock,Park, John,Jung, Su-Jin,Ham, Hyeonmi,Yu, Kee-Won,Park, Young-Jun,Chae, Soo-Wan,Park, Byung-Hyun World Scientific Publishing Company 2018 The American journal of Chinese medicine Vol.46 No.6
<P>Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) arises from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as a consequence of oxidative stress. <I>Gynostemma pentaphyllum</I> extract (GPE) is proven to be beneficial for patients suffering from NAFLD. However, the precise mechanism by which GPE confers these benefits remains largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the underlying mechanism and to determine whether supplementation with the newly discovered GPE gypenoside UL4 mitigates NASH progression. Male c57BL/6 mice were fed a normal chow diet, a methionine choline-deficient (MCD) diet, or an MCD diet supplemented with various doses of UL4-rich GPE for eight weeks. GPE supplementation suppressed oxidative stress induced by the MCD diet by increasing levels of sirtuin 6 and phase 2 anti-oxidant enzymes in mouse liver and HepG2 cells. Additionally, GPE supplementation prevented diet-induced hepatic fat accumulation, hepatocellular injury, inflammation, and fibrosis in mice fed the MCD diet. These results indicate the possible therapeutic potential of dietary supplementation of UL4-rich GPE in preventing the development of fatty liver and its progression to NASH.</P>
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