Selenium 이 마우스 혈중 마크로파지의 탄소입자 탐식능에 미치는 영향

최지선,표명윤 숙명여자대학교 약학연구소 2004 약학논문집-숙명여자대학교 Vol.20 No.-

Effects of Selenium (Se) on the carbon clearance activity of macrophage in blood were investigated in mice. Se was orally administered in drinking water for 18 days (1ppm or 3ppm) or intraperitoneally with a single dose of 0.05, 0.25, 0.5mg'kg b.w. to normal and CY-treated ICR mice. Cyclophosphamide (CY) was injected i.p. to mice with a single dose of 20 mg/kg b.w. on the last day of Se-administration. Carbon suspension was injected i.v. at 0.01ml/g b.w. in mice 48hrs after the administration of experimental chemicals. Blood was collected from retro-orbital venous plexus of mice 5min, 10min after injection of carbon suspension and carbon clearance (t_(1/2), min) was assessed. The treatment of Se alone slightly increased carbon clearance activity of circulating macrophage when compared with control group. Carbon clearance activity was significantly enhanced in Se plus CY when compared with the treatment of CY alone. These results indicate that Se seemed to significantly restore the reduction of phagocytic activity induced by CY.

SJO¨GREN'S SYNDROME 환자에게 즉시 임프란트 술식을 행한 치험례

최정환,손동석,이지연,이윤서,안선희,이재목 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2000 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.22 No.5

The old edentulous patients experience xerostomia commonly. They have considerable difficulty in wearing tissue-supported prosthesis and high risk rate of caries. One of them is Sj□gren's syndrome patient. Sj□gren's syndrome is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder that results in a lymphocyte-mediated destruction of exocrine glands. We planned to place implants immediately after extraction in this case of autoimmune disease. The advantages of immediate implant placement include considerable decrease in time from tooth extraction to placement of the final prosthesis, fewer surgical procedures, and better acceptance of the overall treatment plan. We present a case of Sj□gren's syndrome patient treated with immediate implant placement & immediate loading in anterior region and immediate implant placement in posterior region.

Selenium이 마우스의 일차 체액성 면역반응과 접촉성 과민반응에 미치는 영향

최지선,표명윤 숙명여자대학교 약학연구소 2005 약학논문집-숙명여자대학교 Vol.22 No.-

Effects of Selenium (Se) on the primary humoral immune response and contact-delayed type hypersensitivity (CDTH) to 2,4-dinitro-l-fluorobenzene (DNFB) in normal and cyclophosphamide (CY)-treated mice. Se was orally administered via drinking water for 18 days (1ppm or 3ppm) or via intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection with a single dose of 0.05, 0.25, 0.5 mg/kg b.w. to normal and CY-treated mice. CY was i.p, injected to mice with a single dose of 10 or 50 mg/kg b.w. on the last day of Se-administration. When only Se was administered simultaneously with or after immunization, splenic IgM plaque forming cells (PFC) and hemmaglutinin-titer (HA-titer) in mice were not changed, however, decreased in the mice which were administered with high dose of Se before immunization. In addition, they were significantly increased in the concomitant treatment of CY and Se, compared to them in the only CY-treatment. Se significantly decreased DNFB-induced CDTH and inhibited the CY-enhanced CDTH. These results indicate that Se may inhibit the immunotoxicity induced by CY.

수준별 학습을 위한 퍼지 집합 기반 적응형 교수 시스템

최숙영,소지숙,이순정 한국컴퓨터교육학회 2003 컴퓨터교육학회 논문지 Vol.6 No.2

본 연구는 학습자 수준에 맞는 학습 내용과 평가 문제를 제공하고, 그 평가 결과에 기반하여 반복학습 및 심화학습을 효과적으로 제공하며, 차기 학습을 할 경우에 이에 기초하여 적절한 학습이 이루어질 수 있도록 하는 적응형 웹기반 교수 시스템을 제안한다. 이를 위해 코스웨어 설계시 학습목표의 중요도, 학습내용의 난이도, 학습목표와 학습내용과의 관련도에 따라 퍼지 수준 집합을 구성하고 이를 기반으로 학습자의 수준에 맞는 내용을 제공한다. 또한, 학습의 평가시에도 문제의 난이도, 평가문항과의 관련도를 고려하여 평가 결과를 제시하게 된다. 본 논문에서 제시하는 퍼지 집합에 의한 학습 내용의 제공과 평가 결과는 학습과정에 나타나는 여러 가지 다양하고 불확실한 요소들을 고려하여 처리함으로써 보다 융통성 있고 효과적인 교수 학습 방법을 제공할 수 있도록 한다. This paper proposes a web-based adaptive tutoring system based on fuzzy set that provides learning materials and questions dynamically according to students' knowledge state, and gives advices for the learning after an evaluation. For this, we design a courseware knowledge structure systematically and then construct a fuzzy level set on the basis of it considering importance of learning targets, difficulty of learning materials and relation degree between learning targets and learning materials. Using the fuzzy level set, our system offers Iearning materials and questions to adapt to individual students. Moreover, a result of the test is evaluated with fuzzy linguistic variable. Appling the fuzzy concept to the tutoring system could naturally consider and deal with various and uncertain items of learning environment thus could offer more flexible and effective instruction-learning methods.

복귀돌연변이시험을 이용한 이온화에너지 처리 우유 및 아이스크림의 유전독성학적 평가

유지숙, 한선경, 신명수, 구본철, 최지현, 이주운, 조철훈, 함준상, 이완규 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2008 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.9 No.1

본문참고

노인의 영적 간호요구

최미혜,김경희,김귀옥,김기숙,김수강,김정신,김춘숙,노흥진,박지연,성혜연,오명선,이선희,이원옥,이윤영,이현수,장명재,차혜경,채정선,홍상희 중앙대학교 의과대학 간호학과 간호과학연구소 2001 중앙간호논문집 Vol.5 No.1

This study was designed to exam the aged's needs for spiritual nursing care. The purpose was to serve as a basis for the development of spiritual nursing practice. The major findings are as follows : 1. The degree of needs for spiritual nursing care as area was that needs of love and relationship mean 22.0, needs of meaning and object mean 28.2, needs of forgiving mean 13.5. Total needs for spiritual nursing care mean 63.7, which was on the upper middle level. The needs of meaning and object was rated highest. 2. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of love and relatiohship wasn't significanlty different. 3. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of meaning and object was significantly different according to two factors : age(F=7.260, p=0.001), religion(F=5.275, p=0.001). Higher needs of meaning and object was possessed by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other. 4. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, four factors made a significantly difference to needs of forgiving : sex(t=-2.851, p=0.006), age(F=8.201, p=0.001), religion(F=6.928, p=0.000), disease(t=2.327, p=0.024). Higher needs of forgiving was possessed by man than woman, by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other, by the one who have disease than the other.

임상실습에 임하는 학생들의 비강 및 피부에 분포된 포도구균과 환자병소에서 분리된 포도구균에 대한 병원성의 연관성에 관한 연구

최대경,김홍선,백태현,권지순 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1986 충남의대잡지 Vol.13 No.2

The authors have studied the pathogenecity of staphylococci isolated from 96 patients in Chungnam National University Hospital and Staphylococci isolated from nose and axilla of 50 medical and 50 nursing students in Chungnam National University. The authors conducted the survey from January 1986 to June 1986. The results obtained were as follows : 1. Out of staphylococci isolated from 96 patients, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis were 59.4%, and 32.3%, respectively. In staphylococci isolated from nose of medical and nursing students, Staphylococcus aureus was 13.6^(male), 17.2%(female) and Staphylococcus epidermidis was 61.0%(male), 75.9%(female), respectively. 2. In the biotype of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from patients, the rate of biotype 1 was 93.5%. In the staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from nose of medical and nursing students, the rate of biotype 1 was 55.6%(male), 31.8%(female). In the axilla, the rate of biotype 1 was 56.5%(male), 52.6%(female), respectively. 3. In the biotype 1 of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from patients and control groups, enzymatic activities were more active than other biotypes. 4. Crystal violet ring test of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from patients, biotype 1 was WR type 22.6%, SR type 67.7% and DR type 3.2%. 5. To the antibiotic activities of staphylococci isolated from patients, Staphylococcus aureus was resistant to gentamycin(96.5%), penicillin(78.9%), lincomycin(47.4%) and erythromycine(35.1%). In the nose of medical students, Staphylococcus aureus was resistant to penicillin(11.9%), gentamycin(11.9%), lincomycin(6.8%) and tetracycline(5.1%). 6. In the multiple antibiotic resistance of staphylococci isolated from patients, Staphylococcus aureus was resistant to 2 antibiotics(35.1%), 3 antibiotics(17.5%), 5 antibiotics(15.8%) and, Staphylococcus epidermidis was resistant to 3 antibiotics(32.3%), 4 antibiotics(19.4%) and 5 antibiotics(16.1%).

마우스에서 Selenium 이 Natural Killer Cell 활성능에 미치는 영향

최지선,표명윤 숙명여자대학교 약학연구소 2003 약학논문집-숙명여자대학교 Vol.19 No.-

Effect of Selenium (Se) on natural killer (NK) cell activity of spleen in mice was investigated. Se lppm or 3ppm was orally administered to ICR mice in drinking water for 18 days. Cyclophosphamide (CY) was injected i.p. to mice with a single dose of 10 mg/kg b.w. on the last day of Se-administration. Spleen cells were obtained 24h after CY-injection and used as effector cells. NK cell cytotoxicity (%) was assessed in a 4h ^(51)Cr-release assay against YAC-1 target cells. The treatment of Se alone significantly increased NK cell cytotoxicity at low dose (lppm), but decreased at high dose (3ppm) when compared with control group. The NK cell activity (LU_(30)) was significantly enhanced in Se (lppm) plus CY, but inhibited in Se (3ppm) plus CY when compared with the treatment of CY alone.

에미션(Emission)의 에너지화를 위한 법제적 대응 : 폐기물의 자원화를 위한 기술개발에 대응한 법제 개편을 중심으로

구지선,최승원 梨花女子大學校 法學硏究所 2016 法學論集 Vol.20 No.4

Science and technology are responsible for the development of human society and have made our lives more convenient. However, we must also carefully consider what it could mean to our society if we develop this kind of technology. Technology for energy recovery from waste is advancing and improving and new technologies are developed. In recent years, the Government has increased the amount of waste being recycled to resource circulation society. But, legal framework on waste management and resource recycling was unsystematic in Korea. And it takes a long time to be reflected in the new technology. Therefore, We need to redefine what waste-to-energy mean and rationalize regulations. And Government have to provide a differentiated supports to promote technology. 환경법의 영역에서는 에미션(Emission)을 줄이기 위해 배출을 금지하거나 허용기준을 낮추는 방안이 주로 모색되며, 폐기물을 재처리 또는 가공하여 에너지원 또는 에너지로 변환시키는 기술이 속속 개발되고 있다. 이에, 법은 ‘기술개발’이라는 요인에 주목하고, 새로운 오염원, 새로운 기술로 인해 발생하는 공백을 메우기 위해 진화해야 한다. 폐기물의 에너지화를 위해서는 생산부터 유통, 소비, 폐기에 이르기까지 효율적으로 자원을 이용하고 제품의 재순환을 촉진함으로써 자원의 소비를 억제시키며, 재활용(재사용･재생이용, 에너지 회수를 포함), 소각, 매립 등의 처리 방법 중에서도 환경 친화적인 방법인 재활용이 소각, 매립보다 우선되어야 한다. 이에, 폐기물을 최종적 처분의 대상이 아닌 새로운 에너지원으로서 자원순환적인 관점에서 재검토하고, 기술의 개발 및 활용을 위한 법제 정비 필요성이 제기된다. 종래 ｢폐기물관리법｣은 재활용의 용도와 방법을 명시적으로 규정하고 있어, 관련 신기술이 법령에 반영되기까지 장기간이 소요되었다. 이에, 폐기물의 종류 및 재활용 유형에 관한 세부 분류를 환경부령으로 정하고, 폐기물 재활용을 원칙적 허용-예외적 금지인 네거티브 방식으로 전환하는 내용으로 개정되었다. 그러나, 폐기물을 에너지화 하는 과정에서 각종 오염물질이 배출되며 새로운 기술의 적용시 예측하지 못한 위험이 발생할 수 있으므로, 폐기물이 갖는 고유한 특성과 유해성에 따라 차별적인 기준을 설정해야만 네거티브 규제가 실효적으로 운영될 수 있으며, 평가기관 내 기술인력 수 등의 요건 역시 강화될 필요가 있다. 또한, 경제적 규제라고 하더라도 국민의 생명･건강 및 환경에 영향을 미칠 수 있으며, 폐기물 에너지화 관련 신기술은 인체 유해성이나 환경오염 가능성을 잠재적으로 내포하고 있다. ｢자원순환기본법｣의 시행 이후 폐기물 에너지화는 순환이용에 포섭되므로, 유해성 및 순환이용성 평가에 대한 실효성 확보가 필요하다. 특히, 환경기초시설의 인프라적 성격과 폐기물 성상의 차이로 인해, 폐기물 에너지화 관련 기술은 시범 플랜트 운영을 통해 개발이 상용화로 연계될 수 있도록 지원해야 한다. 폐기물 에너지화 기술 개발을 지원할 분야에 대해 R&D 지원이 차별화되어야 하며, 개발된 기술의 상용화를 위한 법･제도적 지원이 병행되어야 할 것이다.

알부민이 첨가된 시험관내 약역학 감염모델을 이용한 폐렴알균 치료에서 Ceftriaxone 일일 1회 요법

허지안,전혜선,박선희,최수미,김시현,이동건,최정현,유진홍,신완식 대한감염학회 2006 감염과 화학요법 Vol.38 No.6

배경 : Penicillin 내성 폐렴알균이 증가하는 지역에서 대안 중의 하나로 사용되는 ceftriaxone (CTR)의 적절한 용법, 용량을 파악하는 것이 중요하다. 본 연구는 임상에서 분리된 폐렴알균을 대상으로 시험관내 약역학 감염모델을 이용하여 알부민이 첨가된 경우와 첨가되지 않은 경우 CTR의 일일 1회 요법의 효과를 비교해 보고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : Penicillin 감수성(SM24), 중간내성(SM47), 내성(SM60)주를 대상으로 2-구획 시험관내 약역학 감염모델을 적용하였다. CTR 주입은 2 g씩 24시간마다로 사람의 약동학을 모의하였다. 알부민은 모델에서 4g/ dL가 유지되도록 하였다. 살균효과는 0, 2, 4, 6, 24, 30, 48시간째 집락수 변화로 측정하였다. 결과 : 모든 균주에서 알부민이 첨가되지 않은 경우 6시간 이내에 살균력이 관찰되었다. 최저억제농도 및 알부민 첨가유무에 관계없이 3주 모두 24시간째 살균력이 관찰되었고, 48시간째는 모두 측정한계 이하의 집락수로 감소하였다. 전 실험과정에서 CTR에 대한 내성주는 출현하지 않았다. 결론 : CTR의 일일 1회 요법은 알부민이 첨가되었을 때, 감수성, 중간내성, 내성주 모두에서 살균력 발현이 지연되었으나 최종효과는 알부민이 없을 때와 다르지 않았다. 앞으로 알부민 결합효과와 관련된 기초적인 추가 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. Background : During the era of increasing penicillin resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, it is important to have knowledge about adequate dosage and dosing interval of ceftriaxone (CTR). We examined efficacies of once-daily CTR and compared results in an in vitro pharmacodynamic infection model (IVPDIM) supplemented with albumin and those without albumin. Methods : Using three clinically isolated S. pneumoniae that were susceptible (SM24), intermediate (SM47) and resistant (SM60) against CTR, we utilized a two-compartment IVPDIM. CTR 2 g was administered intravenously every 24 h. Human albumin was added with concentration of 4 g/dL. Samples were removed at multiple time points over a 48-h period to determine the colony counts. Results : In SM24 and SM60, bactericidal effects were observed within 6 hours in groups without albumin. The number of colonies during 1st 6 hours were more decreased in albumin-free groups than in albumin-supplemented groups (P<0.05). In SM47, similar results were found during 1st 6 hours (P=0.03). But, regrowth was observed in albumin supplemented group at 30 h. Irrespective of results of minimal inhibitory concentrations and albumin supplementation, bactericidal effects were shown at 24 h in all 3 strains. All groups were decreased below the detection limit at 48 h. Development of resistance was not detected throughout the entire study period in either strain. Conclusions : Although extents of killing in albumin supplemented broth of once-daily CTR dosing were delayed in all 3 strains compared with those of albumin free broth, final efficacies were not different between the two groups.