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Development of a Pelletizing System of Fermented TMR for Pig Feeding
( Jaeyoon Cha ),( Mohammod Ali ),( Young Sin Hong ),( Byeong Kee Yu ),( Sunghyun Lee ),( Hoon Seonwoo ),( Hyuck Joo Kim ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 바이오시스템공학 Vol.43 No.2
Purpose: Fermented feedstuffs have been found to improve productivity, reduce manure odor, and increase immunity. However, because there is not a commercialized pelletizing system for fermented total mixed ration (TMR) for pig feeding in Korea, a pelletizing system using TMR fermented feed was developed. Methods: The particle size, density, and volumetric density of the TMR feeds used in the test were measured. The pellet durability index (PDI, %) value of the pelletized TMR feed based on its moisture content, and the amount of pellet production based on the rotation speed of the compression roller were measured. Results: The test materials, TMR1 and TMR2, were approximately compressed to 387 kg/m3 with 18.2% (w.b.) and 544 kg/m3 with 22.2% (w.b.), respectively. Throughout this pellet molding test, the moisture content from 15 to 20% (w.b.) of mixture feedstuffs, including fermented forage, could be used for pellet molding. Based on the results, a small-scale pellet molding system of fermented TMR was designed and manufactured for pig farms. As rotation speed increased, the throughput increased, whereas the moisture content decreased by approximately 2% (w.b.) because of pellet molding. The best yield of pellets with 94.2% PDI was of 536 kg/h at 135 rpm rotation speed. Conclusions: Although the throughput of the prototype increased as the rotation speed increased, it was difficult to operate because of the greater noise and the lower PDI (%) at the higher rotation speed of the pellet molding rotor. It was found that the best production of pellets using the prototype was 536 kg/h having a PDI of 94.2% or more at a rotation speed of 135 rpm.
Development of a Pelletizing System of Fermented TMR for Pig Feeding
Cha, Jaeyoon,Ali, Mohammod,Hong, Young Sin,Yu, Byeong Kee,Lee, Sunghyun,Seonwoo, Hoon,Kim, Hyuck Joo Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery 2018 바이오시스템공학 Vol.43 No.2
Purpose: Fermented feedstuffs have been found to improve productivity, reduce manure odor, and increase immunity. However, because there is not a commercialized pelletizing system for fermented total mixed ration (TMR) for pig feeding in Korea, a pelletizing system using TMR fermented feed was developed. Methods: The particle size, density, and volumetric density of the TMR feeds used in the test were measured. The pellet durability index (PDI, %) value of the pelletized TMR feed based on its moisture content, and the amount of pellet production based on the rotation speed of the compression roller were measured. Results: The test materials, TMR1 and TMR2, were approximately compressed to 387 kg/m3 with 18.2% (w.b.) and 544 kg/m3 with 22.2% (w.b.), respectively. Throughout this pellet molding test, the moisture content from 15 to 20% (w.b.) of mixture feedstuffs, including fermented forage, could be used for pellet molding. Based on the results, a small-scale pellet molding system of fermented TMR was designed and manufactured for pig farms. As rotation speed increased, the throughput increased, whereas the moisture content decreased by approximately 2% (w.b.) because of pellet molding. The best yield of pellets with 94.2% PDI was of 536 kg/h at 135 rpm rotation speed. Conclusions: Although the throughput of the prototype increased as the rotation speed increased, it was difficult to operate because of the greater noise and the lower PDI (%) at the higher rotation speed of the pellet molding rotor. It was found that the best production of pellets using the prototype was 536 kg/h having a PDI of 94.2% or more at a rotation speed of 135 rpm.
( Tangina Akhter ),( Mohammod Ali ),( Jaeyoon Cha ),( Seong-jin Park ),( Gyeang Jang ),( Kyu-won Yang ),( Hyuck-joo Kim ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 바이오시스템공학 Vol.43 No.4
Purpose: To continuously monitor soil and climatic properties, a data acquisition system (DAQ) was developed and tested in plum farms (Gyewol-ri and Haechang-ri, Suncheon, Korea). Methods: The DAQ consisted of a Raspberry-Pi processor, a modem, and an ADC board with multiple sensors (soil moisture content (SEN0193), soil temperature (DS18B20), climatic temperature and humidity (DHT22), and rainfall gauge (TR-525M)). In the laboratory, various tests were conducted to calibrate SEN0193 at different soil moistures, soil temperatures, depths, and bulk densities. For performance comparison of the SEN0193 sensor, two commercial moisture sensors (SMS-BTA and WT-1000B) were tested in the field. The collected field data in Raspberry-Pi were transmitted and stored on a web server database through a commercial communications wireless network. Results: In laboratory tests, it was found that the SEN0193 sensor voltage reading increased significantly with an increase in soil bulk density. A linear calibration equation was developed between voltage and soil moisture content depending on the farm soil bulk density. In field tests, the SEN0193 sensor showed linearity (R = 0.76 and 0.73) between output voltage and moisture content; however, the other two sensors showed no linearity, indicating that site-specific calibration is important for accurate sensing. In the long-term monitoring results, it was observed that the measured climate temperature was almost the same as website information. Soil temperature information was higher than the values measured by DS18B20 during spring and summer. However, the local rainfall measured using TR 525M was significantly different from the values on the website. Conclusion: Based on the test results obtained using the developed monitoring system, it is thought that the measurement of various parameters using one device would be helpful in monitoring plum growth. Field data from the local farm monitoring system can be coupled with website information from the weather station and used more efficiently.
Akhter, Tangina,Ali, Mohammod,Cha, Jaeyoon,Park, Seong-Jin,Jang, Gyeang,Yang, Kyu-Won,Kim, Hyuck-Joo Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery 2018 바이오시스템공학 Vol.43 No.4
Purpose: To continuously monitor soil and climatic properties, a data acquisition system (DAQ) was developed and tested in plum farms (Gyewol-ri and Haechang-ri, Suncheon, Korea). Methods: The DAQ consisted of a Raspberry-Pi processor, a modem, and an ADC board with multiple sensors (soil moisture content (SEN0193), soil temperature (DS18B20), climatic temperature and humidity (DHT22), and rainfall gauge (TR-525M)). In the laboratory, various tests were conducted to calibrate SEN0193 at different soil moistures, soil temperatures, depths, and bulk densities. For performance comparison of the SEN0193 sensor, two commercial moisture sensors (SMS-BTA and WT-1000B) were tested in the field. The collected field data in Raspberry-Pi were transmitted and stored on a web server database through a commercial communications wireless network. Results: In laboratory tests, it was found that the SEN0193 sensor voltage reading increased significantly with an increase in soil bulk density. A linear calibration equation was developed between voltage and soil moisture content depending on the farm soil bulk density. In field tests, the SEN0193 sensor showed linearity (R = 0.76 and 0.73) between output voltage and moisture content; however, the other two sensors showed no linearity, indicating that site-specific calibration is important for accurate sensing. In the long-term monitoring results, it was observed that the measured climate temperature was almost the same as website information. Soil temperature information was higher than the values measured by DS18B20 during spring and summer. However, the local rainfall measured using TR 525M was significantly different from the values on the website. Conclusion: Based on the test results obtained using the developed monitoring system, it is thought that the measurement of various parameters using one device would be helpful in monitoring plum growth. Field data from the local farm monitoring system can be coupled with website information from the weather station and used more efficiently.
Development of a Real-time Measurement Program on the Size of Plum (Prunus mume) by 3D Images
( Gyeong Jang ),( Tangina Akhter ),( Seong-jin Park ),( Mohammod Ali ),( Gwang-sim Kim ),( Jaeyoon Cha ),( Hoon Seonwoo ),( Yeong-hwan Bae ),( Hyuck-joo Kim ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.1
Plums (prunus mumes) are known as an effective healthy food. Thereby, their domestic demands increased gradually, and the industry related to plum processing is also expanding. In order to improve the quality of plums and to reduce losses in production, it should be sure to avoid them to Eurytomidae, the most damaging insect. However, it is difficult to distinguish infection with the naked eye, since the larvae of Eurytomidae are inside the nucleus of the plums. Therefore, prevention of them with a remote diagnostic system to monitor the size of plums by growth stages is required. In this study, a program to measure plum sizes through 3D images was developed to improve the ability to predict optimum timing for extermination. The experiment used the Xbox Kinect 2.0 sensor, allowing simultaneous measurement of color image and depth information. To identify the plums in images obtained by Kinect 2.0 camera. Because plum shape is round, we used the imfindcircles function, which is implemented in MATLAB R2017b for the circular hough transform. However, it is difficult to recognize plums by untreated images. Hence, we adjust the sensitivity and edges of the algorithms. The edge detection algorithm was performed before circle-finding algorithm. In addition, we developed and performed algorithms using color information to remove non-fruit parts and leave green plums only. As a result, recognition success rate was 55.3% (26 Normal Recognition / All 47 objects), and error rate was 7.1% (2 recognitions error / All 28 recognition). By looking at the depth image and obtaining the depth information manually, the number of pixels corresponding to the diameter of the recognized object is multiplied by the spatial resolution per pixel. As a result, plum sizes were estimated with 9.2% error rate, limited to plums identified in color images. However, in order to collect real-time size information of plums in a field scan quickly, it is necessary to improve object recognition and the acquisition rate of depth information by complementing the imaging conditions, analysis algorithms, and algorithm designs to represent color images and depth images entered in Kinect 2.0 in the same coordinate system and Sensor Calibration. With Information and Communication Technology (ICT) convergence system, it is possible to establish optimum timing to control based on understanding the growth of plums and harmful insects. These attempt to graft ICT technologies into the agricultural sector to respond to changes of the 4th industrial revolution in the world is judged that it is possible to boost the competitiveness of Korean agriculture and to function as a catalyst for promoting fused research by combining engineering technology with pest ecology research to improve the productivity of fruit trees and horticulture.
Hong, John,Lee, Juwon,Lee, Young-Woo,Park, Woon Bae,Ahn, Docheon,Park, Jong Bae,Pak, Sangyeon,Baik, Jaeyoon,Morris, Stephen M.,Cha, SeungNam,Sohn, Kee-Sun,Sohn, Jung Inn Elsevier 2019 Journal of Power Sources Vol.444 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The search for new materials that exhibit rapid Faradaic energy-storing behavior continues to be ever more important as they offer a promising alternative to battery technology because of their unrivalled ability to deliver large amounts of power along with large amounts of energy. Here, we present a reduced binary anion compound (r-BAC) as a first demonstration of redox-active materials, which are fabricated by a facile and direct activation synthetic method. The r-BAC exhibits excellent energy storage characteristics compared to non-reduced full binary anion compound (f-BAC). Based on the density functional theory (DFT) calculations and the <I>ex-situ</I> chemical study, it is found that the superior electrochemical performance is strongly attributed to not only the Ni cation sites (Ni<SUP>2+</SUP>/Ni<SUP>3+</SUP> redox couple) that are energetically more activated by oxygen vacancies, but also to the additive electrochemical activity at the unsaturated sulfur sites (S<SUP>4+</SUP>/S<SUP>6+</SUP> redox couple) in a binary anion. Thus, we expect that this study on the binary anion material and the corresponding anion-based charge transfer mechanisms may provide a new strategy for the efficient storage of charge in next-generation energy storage applications.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We first propose an electrochemically active binary anion compound. </LI> <LI> A novel binary anion compound has the tailored oxygen vacancy site. </LI> <LI> The electrode shows excellent electrochemical energy storage abilities. </LI> <LI> The electrochemical features are highly dependent on anion-mediated active sites. </LI> <LI> DFT calculations exhibit the possibility of anion-based Faradaic redox reactions. </LI> </UL> </P>