<明善錄>의 반주자학적 논거의 李濟馬의 四象人臟理論과의 관련성에 대하여

이항재,최승훈 한국한의학연구원 1996 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.2 No.1

This study are performed to reveal the origin of the Sasang constitutional theory made by Lee-jae-ma(李濟馬), confucianist as well as famous oriental doctor, who succeeded to Han-suck-jie(韓錫地)'s Anti-Neo-Confucianism. Han wrote a book named Myung-Suen-Lock(明善錄) which criticized Neo-Confucianism formed at times of Song dynasty in China and proposed a new doctrine i.e Anti-Neo-Confucianism. He asserted that The Sacred and Ordinary Men are all the same in nature, and that The Actual Mind of Universe and The Actual Mind of Human also are all the same ultimately. These two assertions clearly contrasted with pre-existing Neo-Confucianism led Lee-jae-ma to successively organize Sasang constitutional theory. This study is aimed to illuminate this point : How under the effects of Han's new doctrine Lee-jae-ma could find four general constitutions due to the variation of the four organs. At first, Lee indicated four organs as the very general basement providing human nature for all men including The Sacred. In consequence, he justified one of the Han's assertions that The Sacred and Ordinary Men are all the same in nature. Secondly, Lee indicated the Mind as the actual center which bring forth the individual spontaneity. As far as this individual spontaneity is rightly aimed, which means harmonize his own's with the actual process of the Universe, all men could be The Sacred. So he come to justify the other of Han's assertions that The Actual Mind of Universe and The Actual Mind of Human also are all the same ultimately. Therefore, it is clearly verified that the Lee-jae-ma's Sasang doctrine is the successive achievement origined from Han-suck-jie(韓錫地)'s Anti-Neo-Confucianism abundantly represented in his own book, Myung-Suen-Lock.

<명선록(明善錄)>의 반주자학적 논거의 이제마(李濟馬)의 사상인장이론(四象人臟理論)과의 관련성에 대하여

이항재,최승훈,Lee, Hang-Jae,Choi, Seung-Hoon 한국한의학연구원 1996 한국 한의학연구소 논문집 Vol.2 No.1

This study are performed to reveal the origin of the Sasang constitutional theory made by Lee-jae-ma(李濟馬), confucianist as well as famous oriental doctor, who succeeded to Han- suck-jie(韓錫地)'s Anti-Neo-Confucianism. Han wrote a book na mod Myung-Suen-Lock(明善錄) which criticized Neo-Confucianism formed at times of Song dynasty in China and proposed a new doctrine i.e Anti-Neo-Confucianism. He asserted that The Sacred and Ordinary Men are all the same in nature, and that The Acatul Mind of Universe and The Actual Mind of Human also are all the same ultimately These two assertions cleary contrasted with pre-existing Neo-confucianism led Lee-jae-ma to successively organize Sasang constitutional theoy. This study is aimed to illuminate this point : How under the effects of Han's new doctrine Lee-jae-ma could find four general constitutions due to the functional variation of the four organs. At first, Lee indicated four organs as the very general basement providing human nature for all men including The Sacred. In consequence, he justified one of the Han's assertions that The Sacred and Ordinary Men are all the same in nature. Secondly, Lee indicated the Mind as the actual center which bring forth the individual spontaneity. As far as this individual spontaneity is rightly aimed, which means harmonize his own's with the actual process of the Universe, all men could be The Sacred. So he come to justify the other of Han's assertions that The Actual Mind of Universe and The Actual Mind of Human also are all the same ultimately. Therefore, it is clearly verified that the Lee-jae-ma's Sasang doctrine is the successive achievement origined from Han-suck-jie(韓錫地)'s Anti-Neo-Confucianism abundantly represented in his own book, Myung-Suen-Lock.

봉독약침이 류마티스 관절염 환자의 관절 통증, 종창 및 급성 염증 반응에 미치는 영향

이상훈,이현종,백용현,김수영,박재경,홍승재,양형인,김건식,이재동,최도영,이두익,이윤호 WHO COLLABORATING CENTRE FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2003 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2003 No.-

Objective In order to study the effects of bee venom(BV) on the pain, edema, and acute inflammatory reactant of rheumatoid arthritis(RA) patients. Methods Patients with RA who met the ACR(American College of Rheumatology) 1987 revised criteria for the diagnosis of RA were treated with the BV therapy twice a week for 3 months. Tender Joint counts, swollen joint counts, Visual analog scale(VAS), morning stiffness, ESR. C-reactive protein(CRP) were analyzed before and after BV therapy. Results The results as follows. 1. Tender joint counts in patients after BV therapy were significantly lower than those before BV therapy(9.0±7.9 vs 15± 11.4, p=0.002). 2. Swollen joint counts of the patients after BV therapy were significantly lower than those before BV therapy(50±61 vs 15±23, p=0.001). 3. VAS in patients after BV therapy was significantly lower than those before BV therapy(608± 17.6 vs 380± 159, p=0.000). 4. Duration of morning stiffness in patients after BV therapy was significantly reduced compared with that before BV therapy(119.1± 112.6 min vs 59.0±89.7 min, p=0.009). 5. ESR and CRP were not significantly changed before and after BV therapy, suggesting BV itself could make inflammatory reaction as well as therapeutic effect. Conclusions BV therapy improved tender joint counts, swollen joint counts and duration of morning stiffness in this study, and further study is needed on long-term effect of BV therapy.

봉독약침이 류마티스 관절염 환자의 기능회복 및 삶의 질에 미치는 영향

이상훈,이현종,박상민,김수영,박재경,홍승재,양형인,이재동,최도영,김건식,이두익,이윤호 WHO COLLABORATING CENTRE FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2003 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2003 No.-

Objective: To evaluate the effects of bee venom acupuncture(BVA) on the rehabilitation and quality of life in rheumatoid arthritis(RA) patients Methods: Patients with RA were treated with the BVA therapy twice a week for 3 months. Tender joint counts, swollen joint counts, morning stiffness, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate(ESR), C-reactive protein(CRP), patient global assessment, physician global assessment, Korean health assessment questionnaire(KHAQ) were estimated and analyzed before and after BVA therapy. Results: Tender joint counts, swollen joint counts, morning stiffness showed significant decrease after BVA therapy. But, as acute inflammatory reactants, ESR showed no significant difference and CRP showed significant increase after BVA therapy. Patient global assessment physician global assessment, and KHAQ index showed significant improvement after BVA therapy. Conclusions: BVA therapy can improve rehabilitation and health-related quality of life RA patients as well as clinical symptom and signs. Further study is required in more population with large scale including acute inflammatory reaction of BVA therapy.

디지털 시대에 나타난 현대시의 환상성 연구

이재훈(Lee, Jae Hoon) 돈암어문학회 2016 돈암어문학 Vol.29 No.-

본 연구의 목적은 2000년대 이후 디지털 시대의 시를 ‘환상성’의 관점에서 살펴보는 데 있다. 2000년대 이후 디지털 기술은 문학과 불가분의 관계를 맺고 있다. 디지털 기술로 인한 매체의 변화와 문학장의 변화 양상은 현재에도 계속 진행되고 있다. 환상성이 중요한 시적 세계관이 된 가장 큰 이유는 디지털 기술의 발달 때문이다. 디지털 기술의 발달로 인해 지금의 현대인들은 영화, 동영상, 플래시, 게임, 판타지 소설, 애니메이션, 광고 등 다양한 멀티미디어 콘텐츠를 끊임없이 수용하고 있다. 멀티미디어 콘텐츠들은 모두 환상성을 함유하고 있다. 이러한 디지털 기술은 환상을 체험하게 해준다. 본고에서는 환상성의 양상을 세 가지 주제어를 통해 살펴보았다. 기괴성, 변신과 엔트로피, 해체된 몸이 그것이다. 이 주제어들은 환상에 대해 의미있는 연구를 펼쳤던 로지 잭슨의 논의를 참고한 것이다. 첫째, 기괴성은 불안의 정서 상태와 유사한 감정이다. 기괴함은 낯선 공간에 대한 이미지나 낯선 대상에 대한 이미지를 섬뜩한 수사로 표현한다. 이런 표현으로 시적 긴장감을 불어넣으며 현실세계가 아닌 또다른 다른 시공간으로 치환시킨다. 기괴한 이미지는 디지털의 세계와 맞닿아 있다. 디지털의 세계는 기괴하고 낯선 이미지들이 가득한 세계이다. 정재학의 「광대소녀의 거꾸로 도는 지구」는 기괴한 이미지의 병렬식 구조를 통해 환상적 현실을 재현해 낸 시이다. 정재학은 이러한 이미지를 연출해내기 위해 시행을 분절시키고 불규칙적으로 이동시킨다. 단편적인 이미지들을 병렬적으로 나열시킴으로서 새롭고 낯설고 기괴한 장면과 공간을 연출해 낸다. 둘째, 변신과 엔트로피이다. 황병승의 「칙쇼의 봄」은 변신과 엔트로피의 과정을 통해 새로운 환상성을 드러내고 있는 시이다. 새로운 주체를 탄생시키면 변신의 모티브가 가능해지고 변신을 통해 시인이 얘기하고 싶은 엔트로피의 열망을 실현할 수 있다. 이러한 과정은 모두 환상성에 기대어 일어난다. 황병승이 제시한 변신의 모티브와 그 과정은 환상성을 더욱 구체적으로 실감나게 하는 역할을 하고 있다. 셋째, 해체된 몸이다. 이민하의 시는 몸을 통해 시적 자아의 내밀한 고통을 가장 미학적으로 구현해 내고 있다. 「환상수족」은 몸을 통해 환상의 상상력을 가장 극적으로 보여주고 있는 시이다. 위의 시에서 몸은 ‘인공의 몸’으로 형상화되고 있다. 몸은 이미 훼손된 신체로 대상화되어 있는데 시적 자아의 퍼소나를 “마네킹”으로 상정하고 있다. 건강하고 살아 숨쉬는 몸이 아니라 해체된 몸의 전형을 보여준다. 해체된 몸은 시 전체를 환상의 세계로 인도하고 있다. 일반적인 육체가 할 수 없는 기괴한 이미지와 이상한 행위들은 모두 환상성을 드러내는 데 큰 역할을 하고 있다. The purpose of this study is to look at from the perspective of "fantasy" poetry in the digital age since the 2000s. Since the 2000s digital technology has a deep relationship with literature. The changing patterns of media and literature occurred because digital technology is continuing today. The biggest reason that fantasy is an important topic in modern poetry is that the development of digital technology. Since the development of digital technology, people can now continue to accept a wide variety of ever multimedia content such as movies, videos, flash, games, fantasy fiction, animation and advertising. Multimedia content can ever contain a fantasy. This digital technology makes it a fantastic experience. This study examined the patterns of fantasy through the three topics. It is abnormality, transformation, entropy, dismantle body. See the discussion were the main Lodge Jackson did important research on fantasy. First, the feelings and emotions similar state of anxiety abnormality. abnormality represents the image of a stranger in a strange object in space scary language. It has a poetic expression changes the tension in this modern poetry in another dimension of space and time other than the real world. These images have a relationship with the digital world. Poem of Jeong Jae-Hak must reproduce the fantastic reality through the parallel structure of the abnormality image. He moved to the poem to irregular betting segment and directing these images. List the fragmentary images in parallel and produce new and strange and the abnormality directing space. Second, the transformation and entropy. Poem of Hwang Byeong-seung has revealed a new fantasy through a process of transformation and entropy. This is because when the new self possible motives of transformation becomes possible to realize the aspirations of the poet entropy want to talk through the transformation. This process takes place both leaning against a fantasy. Motif and the process of transformation which he has given the role to remind realize the fantasy in more detail. Third, the dismantle body. Poem of Lee Min-Ha is implemented through the body out of the pain of intimate poetic self in the most aesthetic. 「Phantom limb」 is a poem that shows the imagination of fantasy through the body, most dramatically. Body at the poem of Lee Min-Ha has been shaped by "artificial body". The body is already compromised physical objectification. She has assumed the persona of poetic self as a mannequin. It is not the healthy living breathing body shows off a selection of dismantle body. Work has led to a fantasy world through the dismantle body. abnormal images and strange behavior are all showing the body has a major role in revealing a fantasy.

Prediction of Retained Austenite Fraction in Quenching-and-Partitioning (Q&P) Steels Using the Gibbs Energy Balance Approach

Seong Hoon Kim,Ji Hoon Kim,Jae Hoon Lee,Dong‑Woo Suh,Jae Sang Lee 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.9

Prediction of retained austenite fraction is quite important in designing advanced high strength steels since retained austeniteis the source of transformation-induced plasticity. The present study investigates the phase constitution of a medium-carbonQ&P steel by comparing various approaches to the transformation stasis of bainitic ferrite and applying them to the partitioningprocess. Among them, the modified GEB approach gave the best agreement with the experimental observation, includingthe effects of heat-treatment condition and chemical composition on phase constitution. This indicates phase transformationduring partitioning can be effectively described by the physics of Gibbs energy balance approach.

2003년 국내 중증급성호흡기증후군 진료 현황 및 문제점 분석

이진수,김은실,정문현,백제중,정선화,안주희,최영화,이선희,고철우,김성범,김민자,박승철,기현균,송재훈,최상호,김양수,이상오,조용균,박영훈,정숙인,김연숙,이흥범,손창희,장성희,정희진,김우주 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.3

목적 : 2002년 말 중국에서 SARS가 발생한 이후 국내에서도 2003년 10월까지 총 3명의 추정환자, 17명의 의심환자가 보고되었다. 향후 추가적인 SARS의 유행이 우려되는 상황에서, 그간의 SARS 환자 진료에 있어서의 실질적인 준비사항, 진료 현황 등에 대한 조사를 통해 문제점을 파악하여, 향후 더 나은 대비가 될 수 있도록 개선점을 제시하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : SARS로 의심되는 환자를 진료 경험이 있는 병원의료진을 대상으로 2003년 10월에 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문에는 SARS 환자 진료 시의 실질적인 조치, 진료 현황, 병실, 응급실 및 외래에서의 격리 시설과 준비사항, 보건당국의 관리와 지원에 관한 사항을 포함하였다. 결과 : 대상이 되는 22개 병원 중 17개(17/22, 77.2%) 병원이 설문에 응하였다. SARS 환자를 위한 격리실은 응급실, 외래, 일반병실 및 중환자실에서 각각 9개(9/17, 52.9%), 5개(5/17, 29.4%), 15개(15/16, 93.7%), 4개(4/16, 25%) 병원에서 음압처리가 되어있지 않은 일인실 혹은 다인실이 사용되었고, 1개(1/16, 6.3%) 병원에서만 일반병실에서 음압격리실이 운영되었다. 입원환자의 진찰 시 개인보호구의 착용은 거의 모든 의료기관에서 이루어졌다. 보건당국에서 SARS지정병원의 시설 등을 사전에 확인한 곳은 1곳(1/12, 8.3%)이였고, 14개 병원(14/15, 93.3%)에서는 보건당국에 의뢰한 검사결과를 통하 받지 못하였다. 결론 : 의료기관에서 SARS 환자용 격리실뿐만 아니라 기존의 격리실 설비 등이 미흡하였으며, 특히 중환자실 및 외래의 준비가 더욱 부족하였다. 보건당국의 의료기관에 대한 종합적인 지원이 부족하였고, 병원과의 원활한 연계가 잘 이루어지지 않았다. SARS 만이 아닌 격리를 필요로 하는 질환의 적절한 진료를 위해 향후 병원 시설의 정비와 정부차원에서의 보다 구체적이고 실질적인 대책마련이 필요하다. Background : There was an worldwide outbreak of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) originated from China in late 2002. During that period three cases of suspected SARS and 17 cases of probable SARS were reported in Korea. With the concerns about the reemergence of SARS-coV transmission, it is important to be prepared for any possibility. So, this study is aimed to analysis the past measures in managing SARS and propose the amendatory plans to improve the preparedness. Materials & Methods : Questionnaires were collected among clinicians with any experience in managing the probable or suspected SARS cases in Oct. 2003. 17 out of 22 hospitals responded to the questionnaire. The contents in the questionnaire were practical activities, personal equipments, response plans, isolation facilities in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards and intensive care units, and relationship with the public health department. Results : The dedicated isolation rooms in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards, and intensive care units were prepared in 9 (9/17, 52.9%), 5 (5/17, 29.4%), 15 (15/16, 93.7%), and 4 (4/16, 25.0%) hospitals, respectively. Except for one hospital that newly made negative pressure room for SARS, single or multi-bed rooms without airborne infection control were used in all the other hospitals. The personal precaution principles were kept quite well in general wards. Before the designation of SARS hospital by the public health department prior evalution to see if the hospital was suitable for managing SARS was conducted in only 1 (1/12, 8.3%) hospital. The results of laboratory diagnosis were reported back in 1 (1/15, 6.6%) hospital. Conclusions : The isolation facilities which can control airborne infection were almost deficient not only for SARS but also for other respiratory transmissible diseases. For the infection control of transmissible diseases including SARS, more investment is needed on medical facilities and comprehensive support from the public health department required.

퇴행성 슬관절염 환자의 증상 중증도 측정을 위한 적외선 체열상의 유용성

이두익,김건식,김수영,최도영,이상훈,이재동,이윤호 EAST-WEST MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE KYUNG HEE UNI 2005 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2005 No.-

Objectives: To investigate the applicability of thermography as severity measurement in the patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. Methods: Data were obtained from 80 patiens with OA of the knee. They were asked to answer two disease-specific questionnaire (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) OA index, Lequesne's Functional Index (LEI)), one generic instrument (Korean Health Assessment Questionnaire (KHAQ)), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain intensities in order to assess the severity of disease, quality of life, and degree of pain and taken thermography in standardized environment before and after treatment, respectively. Results: The thermal differences between ipsilateral side and contralateral side in lateral aspect, medial aspect, patella region and suprapatella of both knees were correlated with pain lesion sites. Age, duration of disease, duration of morning stiffness, sex, and crepitus of knee were not correlated with the thermal differences of each regions. And also LFI, WOMAC, WOMAC pain subscale, WOMAC stiffness subscale, WOMAC physical function, KHAQ, were not correlated with the thermal differences of each region. But, the changes of VAS pain intensities were highly correlated with the thermal differences of each regions, especially in patelaa and suprapatella of knees after teratment. Conclusions: Although several specific evaluation indices for osteoarthritis of knee were not correlated with the degree of thermal differences between both knees, the differences of pain intensity (VAS) were quit correlated with thermal differences after treatment. And infrared thermography might be a very useful devices fot the evaluation of OA of knee and its treatment. Further study on the thermography on OA of the knee in more size of patients with appropriate severity grade and the standardization of analysis of thermographic data were recommended.

무작위 대조 이중맹검 시험을 통한 봉독 약침의 류마티스 관절염 치료 효과 연구

이상훈,홍승재,김수영,양형인,이재동,최도영,이두익,이윤호 WHO COLLABORATING CENTRE FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2003 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2003 No.-

Objective : This study was performed in order to evaluate the effect of bee venom therapy on rheumatoid arthritis by randomized controlled double blind method. Method : RA patients were recruited and divided into an experiment group and a control group by random selection. As a double blind test, the experiment group was treated with bee venom injection on acupoints, and the control group was treated with normal saline injection on acupoints twice a week for 8 weeks. Tender joint count, swollen joint count, morning stiffness, pain, health assessment questionnaire, ESR. and CRP were estimated and analyzed at baseline, and at 1 month and 2 months after bee venom therapy Results : Compared to the control group, the experiment group showed significant decrease in tender joint count swollen joint count, morning stiffness, and health assessment questionnaire after 2 months. Pain, ESR and CRP showed significant decrease in the experiment group after 1 & 2 months. Conclusions : These results suggests that bee venom therapy could be an effective method in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

뇌졸중 후 중추성 통증 환자에 대한 동서협진이 진통과 재활에 미치는 영향

이현종,김수영,이상훈,서동민,이두익,김건식,이재동,이윤호,양형인,박재경,최도영 WHO COLLABORATING CENTRE FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2003 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2003 No.-

Purpose : In order to study the effectiveness of East-West pain treatment on central poststroke pain(CPSP), we evaluated its effect on alleviation of pain and rehabilitation of CPSP Patients who were treated with electroacupuncture and west pain treatment for four weeks. Methods : Twenty four patients diagnosed by their pain characteristics of central pain from stroke were treated with sympathetic nerve block, gabapentin, amitriptyline, and electroacupuncture for four weeks. Pain intensity through the visual analogue scale(VAS), and improvements of mobility and rehabilitation through the modified Barthel index(MBI) and Rankin scale(RS), respectively, before and after pain treatment were also assessed. Results : VAS pain scores were significantly improved from 7.7±1.7 to 4.4±2.0 with pain treatment(p<0.05). In accordance with improvement of pain scores, RS and MBI scores were also improved from 2.88±0.95 to 2.13± 1.01 and from 83.0± 16.9 to 94.7±9.5(p<0.05), respectively, with pain treatment(p<0.05). Conclusions : It was suggested that the active pain treatment was contributed to the rehabilitation of CPSP patients, resulting in improvement of quality of life of CPSP patients. Futhermore, East pain treatment in combination with West pain treatment may be useful modality to alleviate CPSP.