19세기 김채상 집안의 효자정려 취득과정

김혁(Kim Hyok) 한국학중앙연구원 2004 장서각 Vol.- No.12

In this paper I have intended to illuminate the social meaning of the Kim chae-sang family's social movement in the nineteenth century by its extant documents. The Kim chae-sang family have lived in Chulla province since the late Koryo dynasty. They was the renowned family that had had the higher official servants in the Koryo dynasty. But its social status was getting downer and downer until the early nineteenth century, because it had never produced only a clergy passing the official exam. Reaching the early nineteenth century, this family decided to elevate its own social status in the local society through the way of making itself a filial piety famliy. Because a filial piety in the Joseon period didn't only mean devoting to the parents, but included the more social meanings. It seems to be a sort of survival strategy that The Kims' family intended to occupy the position of filial- piety famliy. The government originally had propagandized the idea of filial piety to manuplate the lower class' s social desire. At any rate, it took nearly 60years for this family to get this title. The courses must be systematic and strategic, examining the documents of this family. I divided the course into three phases. First step is to myth a plain person, Kim chae-sang, a sincere devoted son. Second step is to acquire the title of the right to get freed from the state duties as the result of the relatively independent power of the district magistrate. This special right also symbolized their acquirement of the upper class in the area. Then, they received a kind of dispositive document, wanmun(完文). Final step is to receive 'the door of the sign of being a filial piety famliy (孝子旌閭)'. Then they also got the official dispositive document, Ipan(立案). Receiving, they could make their social status concrete. In the conclusion, I got to know the social meaning of the process of receiving 'the door of the sign of being a filial piety famliy(孝子旌閭)' by examining the extant documents in the Kims' family. Its meaning is not only acquiring the means to get the special right of getting free of the official duties but to make them a higher social status.

조선후기 충청도 서해안 지역 상업 활동의 사회적 의미 -홍성군 성호리 김녕김씨가 소장 고문서를 중심으로-

김혁 ( Hyok Kim ) 한국고문서학회 2014 古文書硏究 Vol.44 No.-

이 연구는 30년 전 내재적 발전론자들에 의해 주목 받았던 19세기 성호리에서의 상업 활동을 최근 이곳에서 새로 발견한 고문서들을 통해 그 활동의 성격을 재검토하는 데 목적이 있었다. 그 고문서들은 김녕김씨의 가계 기록과 그들의 거주지인 성호리가 운영되던 향약, 절목, 완문 등 많은 규약문서들을 포함한다. 자료를 검토한 결과 다음의 세 가지 결론에 도달하였다. 첫째 김녕 김씨 집안의 상업 활동은 이 집안의 긴 역사를 미루어 볼 때 비교적 단기간에 나타난 현상이었다. 이 집안은 17세기 이 마을에 들어온 이래로 주로 어업에 종사하였고, 18세기 전반까지 어업에서 얻은 이익을 토지 구입에 재투자 하고 雇奴를 통해 경작하게 하는 방식으로 재산을 증식시켜 왔음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이 집안이 18세기 후반 들어 성호리가 포구로 성장하는 과정에서 상업 활동을 개시하였다는 것을 확인할 수 있었는데, 그런 점에서 그들에게 상업은 우연이었다. 둘째, 이 집안이 수행한 상업 활동의 목적은 서구의 부르즈와(bourgeois)가 이윤을 자신의 사업에 합리적으로 투자하는 것에서 자신의 행동이 동기화되어 있는 것과는 달리, 자신의 수익을 주로 자신의 신분을 개선하는 데 사용하고 있었다. 한마디로 성호리에는 이윤을 창출하는 부르즈와가 없었지만 이윤을 창출하는 신분에 대한 선망은 있었다. 그 사회에서 절대적인 힘을 소유하고자 하는 욕망을 추구 하였다는 관점에서 보면 유사하지만, 그 양태에서는 차이가 있다. 셋째. 성호리의 향약 조직이 반영되어 있는 규약문서인 향약문서를 검토한 결과, 성립 당시에는 상하계 중 안동김씨 집안이 상계에 속한 것 외에 성호리의 모든 집안이 하계에 속해 있었다. 그런데 19세기 초엽 이 향약에 상계와 하계의 중간에 해당하는 副契를 창출한다. 부계는 이들의 신분 상승이 갖는 욕구가 머물러 선 곳이기도 하고 사회적으로 표현된 최선의 한계를 보여주는 것이기도 하다. 이 부계는 경제적 기준에 의해서 분화된 것이 아니라 문화적 기준에 의해서 하계와 섞일 수 없다는 것을 제시하고 있다. 그곳은 돈으로 얻을 수 있는 신분, 즉 자신에 대한 문화적 표현의 종착지였다. 김녕김씨는 애초에 자신을 “常宗”, 다시 말하여 ‘상민의 종중’을 자처하였지만, 이후에는 점차 상위적인 양반 문화를 더욱 활발히 모방해나간다. 많은 사람들이 지적하는 것처럼 당시의 신분은 돈으로 획득될 수 있는 것이 아니다. 그렇다고 신분이 돈보다 더 큰 마술적인 힘이 있다는 은유로 설명될 수 있었던 것도 아니다. 당시 사회에서 돈을 벌어 직첩을 사서 신분 상승의 발판으로 삼을 수 있다는 것을 이 집안은 충분히 보여준다. This paper aims to reexamine the reality of the commercial activity by those who lived in the Sung-ho village(星湖里) on the Western coast in the late Joseon period, which many social-economic historians focused on from the standpoint of the autonomous development in the schemed way of Western one-directed progressive historical development about three decades ago. The antithesis objecting to this thesis has been raised. Therefore this thesis has rarely been mentioned, but the important problem remains because the commercial activity by those merchants should be explained in terms of proper viewpoints based on the analyses of the new data. The topic depends upon how the cultural characteristics of the merchants should be explained. Having studied this topic, I`ve reached three conclusions as follows. 1. Their main purpose of commercial activities was not to focus on obtaining profits to reinvest in the business, but on elevating themselves to a higher status. They had bought many documents of higher bureaucratic positions from the central government which needed a lot of money for those poor people starving to the death after the bad harvest. In addition, they tried to open the way to a upper class as soon as they could by imitating the lifestyle of the Yangban class(兩班) and marrying higher level of family into families with a higher status. 2. From the standpoint of the Kimnyung Kims` long history, their commercial concerns were focused on the short-termed. Therefore their commercial activities were not essential to their characteristics. 3. Thinking through social relationships in the organization of the village, it can be clearly understood that their intention to get to the higher status. I think this caused them create a middle class in the village organization.

물리치료(학)과 학생들이 지각한 물리치료사의 이미지와 자아존중감과의 관련성 분석

김은애 ( Eun Ae Kim ),이건철 ( Geon Cheol Lee ),배원식 ( Won Sik Bae ),김지혁 ( Chi Hyok Kim ) 대한물리의학회 2013 대한물리의학회지 Vol.8 No.1

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to look into relationship between image of physiotherapist and self-esteem of physiotherapy students and desirable image of physiotherapists offer to establish basic materials. METHODS: The subjects of this study are consist of 603 students of department of Physical therapy university and college in Busan and Kim-hae. Data are collected from June 9 to July 9 in 2011 by structured questionnaires. RESULTS: The result are as follows. 1. at the physiotherapist image score, the highest score question is Physiotherapist is specialist(3.45) and the lowest score question is Physiotherapist is treated samely with doctor(2.15). 2. at the self-esteem score, the highest score question is I think that I am at least as valuable as others(3.37) and the lowest score question is I can be poorly sometimes(2.81). 3. at the static results of physiotherapist image score gap by general characteristics, there are significantly different in gender(t=2.27, p=.02), similar profession distinction(t=4.30, p=.00), major satisfaction(t=5.74, p=.00), school system (t=-2.54, p=.01). 4. at the static results of self-esteem score gap by general characteristics, there are significantly different in years (f=5.14, p=.00), gender(t=4.09, p=.00), religion(f=2.87, p=.04), similar profession distinction(t=3.97, p=.00), major satisfaction(t=4.26, p=.00). 5. at the static results of good reputation of physiotherapists increase self-esteem of physiotherapy students score question are significantly different(r=0.53, p=.00). CONCLUSION: Accordingly, these results of this study that there is a very correlation between image of physiotherapist and self-esteem of physiotherapy students. Therefore, good reputation of physiotherapists increase self-esteem of physiotherapy students.

進路相談을 위한 進路發達理論의 활용

金赫坤 순천대학 학생생활연구소 1995 學生生活硏究 Vol.14 No.-

學生生活硏究所의 發展方案

金赫坤 순천대학 학생생활연구소 1994 學生生活硏究 Vol.13 No.-

자기 성장 훈련이 자아 개념에 미치는 효과

金赫坤,李壽進 순천대학 학생생활연구소 1997 學生生活硏究 Vol.16 No.-

사회적 기술 훈련을 위한 효율적 방안 탐색

김혁곤 順天大學校 師範大學 附屬 科學敎育硏究所 1999 科學과 敎育 Vol.7 No.-

The social skill training approach to maladaptive behavior in human relation is one of the major current trends in counseling psychology. Several researchers have used social skill training programs in the treatment of isolated, or withdrawn children, and impulsive children. Social skill deficits have also been related to numerous problems in adjusting to the normal classroom environment. They emotional development as well as significant factor in academic performance of children. Social skills is learned behaviors that affect interpersonal relations with peers and adults. Social skill training programs are aimed at chmiating behavioral deficits and strengthoning effective behavior. We review research on the definition, classification, assessment, deficits model, training programs and intervention techniques of social skill. This study offers methodological issues and future directions of social skill training. We review effective methods with cognitive-social learing model of social skill training and social skill intervention techniques.

의미요법 집단상담이 실업계 고교생의 삶의 목적수준 향상에 미치는 효과

김혁곤,심경자 순천대학교 과학교육연구소 2000 科學과 敎育 Vol.8 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of logotheraphy group counseling on the level of the purpose in life of vocational high school student The hypothesis for the study was : 1) There would be significant differences in post-test scores gained at Purpose in Life Test between experimental group and control group. 2) Experimental group would gain higher scores at subtests of Purpose in Life Test than control group. Subjects were 30, who obtained low-scores in Purpose in Life Test, in K- vocational high school in Chunra Nam Do. They were divided into two groups: experimental group and the other control group. The experimental group received the group counseling twice a week for 5 weeks, and also recieved the PIL Test before and after the group counseling. The conclusions were as follows. 1.Group counseling based on logotheraphy was effective for increasing the level of the Purpose in Life of vocational high school students. 2.There were significant differences in subtests of Purpose in Life, Contentedness with Life, Existential Vacuum, Life View of PIL Test, but there were no significant differencs in subtests of Goal Achivement, Futuristic Aspiration, Internal-External Locus of Control and Self-Fulfillment of that.

모리타 心理治療에 대한 相談理論的 探索

金赫坤 순천대학 학생생활연구소 1992 學生生活硏究 Vol.11 No.-

대학생의 性意識과 態度의 변화에 관한 연구

金赫坤 순천대학 학생생활연구소 1996 學生生活硏究 Vol.15 No.-