Bupivacaine과 ropivacaine이 Xenopus oocyte에 발현된 HERG 전류에 미치는 영향

김국성,이규승,김효신,손숙진,이상도,김광진,전병화,김윤희,박진봉 충남대학교 의과대학 의학연구소 2003 충남의대잡지 Vol.30 No.1

Bupivacaine is an amide-type local anesthetic widely used for regional anesthesia. Ropivacaine is developed as a less cardiotoxic alternatives to bupivacaine. In the present study, we have analyzed the effects of bupivacaine and ropivacaine on HERG currents expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Bupivacaine and ropivacaine(3∼1,000μM) blocked HERG currents in a concentration dependent manner. EC_(50) was 26.1±3.1μM(n_(R) 0.65±0.04) and 43.5±7.9μM(n_(H) 0.99±0.13) in bupivacaine and ropivacaine, respectively. Bupivacaine and ropivacaine did not affect the activation and deactivation kinetics of HERG channels. However, the drugs decreased the slope conductance measured from fully activated current-voltage relationship curves. These results suggest that bupivacaine and ropivacaine have a similarinhibitory effect on HERG channels, which could be a possible cellular mechanism of LQT or ventricular arrythmia by the drugs.

말초염증에 의한 등족뿌리신경절의 brain-derived neurotrophic factor 합성의 변화

김상열,김정기,김효신,이상지,하선옥,홍해숙,김동선 대한해부학회 1998 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.31 No.3

알코올의 섭취가 흰쥐의 혈액과 간의 지질대사에 미치는 영향

이명숙,김영연,김효숙,김매하,전진순,서진숙,송선미,양영재,윤원손,이미라,이효영,정승현 誠信女子大學校 生活文化硏究所 2004 生活文化硏究 Vol.18 No.-

To investigate the effects of ethanol on the lipid metabolism in blood and liver, twenty one male Sprague Dawley rats had orally taken the 25% alcohol and 50% alcohol by 5g per Kg of weight during 3 weeks after the adjusting period. For the energy balance, 85% sucrose and 45% sucrose was added in control group and 25% alcohol group each. The weight was reduced by alcohol treatment according to the levels, otherwise the weight of liver and heart was little increased in alcohol groups rather than in control without significance. Moreover, RBC, WBC, hemoglobin and hematocrit were increased by alcohol treatment according to the levels without significance. Otherwise, adjusted bilirubin levels by 100g of weight was significantly increased by alcohol treatment dose dependently. Alcohol induced RBC degradation and increased circulated bilirubin because of liver damage. For blood lipid profiles, blood cholesterol was increased in 50% of alcohol group compared to that of 25% and control groups, otherwise, blood triglycerides (TG) was increased by 30% in 25% alcohol groups rather than in control but not significantly different. The hepatic lipid composition, cholesterol levels in alcohol treatment groups was lower than those in control. The hepatic TG was not influenced by alcohol treatment. The two reasons of decreasing hepatic lipids were suggested by 85% sucrose of control for energy balance more synthesized cholesterol and TG than those in 25 or 50% alcohol groups, and by cholesterol and TG could not be synthesized because of liver damage from alcohol.

성인간호학회지 논문(1989-2000)의 내용과 경향 분석

서문자,김소선,송미순,이명선,오의금,신경림,김옥수,이숙자,이영자,오효숙,정재심,김철규 성인간호학회 2001 성인간호학회지 Vol.13 No.4

"Journal of Korean Academy of Adult Nursing" has been published since 1989 and more than 330 articles have been published up 2000. We reviewed all the articles published in this journal to analyze the contents and trend of published articles and to find out the way of improvement both in quantity and quality of studies in this area. The results are as follows : 1) Ninety percent of articles were quantitative studies. Experimental design was used in 16.1% and quasi-experimental design was adapted in 73.6% of articles. Qualitative research were 10.3% of total articles reviewed. 2) Only 5.1% of articles described theoretical framework and 73.6% of experimentally designed articles included research hypotheses. 3) Among experimental studies, only one was true experimental studie design. Eighty nine point three persent had descriptive survey method among non-experimental studies. Amog the thirty four qualitative studies, phenomenologic(73.5%), grounded theory(14.7%), and ethnographic (11.8%) design were used. 4) Most of research subject were patients and few healthy people, healthcare worker, and patient family. 5) Psychosocial data collection method which used questionnaire were 53.7% and interview. physical measurement, observation were used in 22.8%. 8.2% 5.4% of articles respectively. 6) Total number of keywords were 692, and average number of key words per article was 2.2. Health-related keyword was the most frequently used according to four metaparadigm of nursing (human, health, nursing, and environment). Environment related keyword was rarely appeared. The number and quality of nursing research in "Journal of Korean Academy of Adult Nursing" have been improved continuously. It is difficult to find out special trend or characteristics which is unique in this journal because of relatively short history of adult nursing studies. This review study was performed to analyze adult nursing studies only in the view of quantitative aspect, but it is needed to analyse qualitatively to find philosophical or theoretical trend in nursing.

재가 뇌졸중환자의 생활양식과 일상생활기능수행, 우울 및 건강상태 지각에 관한 연구

김효정,박영숙 대한보건협회 2003 대한보건연구 Vol.29 No.2

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to provide data that might develop health promotion program through the identification of life style, functional condition, depression and perceived health status of stroke patient at home. Method : The subjects of this study were 128 obtained by convenience sampling from stroke patients who visited a university hospital or registered in a social welfare center(Bokjigwan) in Taegu. Data were collected by interview with questionnaires from April 28 to May 31, 2003. The instruments used in the study were life style scale, Functional Independence Measure(FIM), depression scale and Health Self-Rating Scale. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, x²-test, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, stepwise multiple regression using SPSS program. Results : 1. For life style among patients, the percentage of drinking was 14.8%, smoking 15.6%, intake of much salty food 22.7%, irregular dietary habit 21.1%, irregular exercise habit 72.7%, perception on stress 69.5%. 2. The mean score of total FIM was 132.61±12.22. The items recorded high score reveal toilet use, sphincter control, eating and the items recorded low score reveal bathing, climbing stairs. 3. The mean score of depression was 8.81±9.11, the rate of depression was 29.7%. 4. The mean score of perceived health status was 7.44±2.09. 5. The rate of drinking showed a statistically significant differences according to sex, educational level, present occupation, illness duration, hospital fee resource; the rate of smoking according to sex; the rate of regular dietary habit according to sex, whether they had a spouse or not, main care giver; the rate of regular exercise according to sex, educational level, the number of secondary disorder. 6. FIM showed significant differences according to present occupation, diagnosis, the number of recurrence, the number of secondary disorder; depression according to sex, level of satisfaction with income, illness duration, the number of secondary disorder, main care giver, hospital fee resource; perceived health status according to present occupation, level of satisfaction with income, illness duration, side of hemiplegia, the number of secondary disorder. 7. The score of FIM was significantly correlated with depression, perceived health status. Also depression was significantly correlated with perceived health status. 8. The combination of the number of secondary disorder, level of stress, illness duration explained 33.8% of the variance of depression. Conclusion : The above findings indicate to understand the life style, functional condition and perceived health status of stroke patients at home and to develop health promotion program for changing their life style and enhancing their functional condition, depression and perceived health status.

간호직 및 사무직 여성의 직업적 활동과 위해한 임신결과와의 관련성

김효선,이강숙 가톨릭대학교 산업의학센터 2000 韓國의 産業醫學 Vol.39 No.1

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of working activity with pregnancy outcome in hospital nurses and office workers. We conducted the survey with 274 hospital nurses including nurse assistants and 236 office workers who had experienced pregnancies from August to September, 1999. The questionnaire contained the history of abortion, vaginal bleeding, prematurity, low-birth-weight and premature rupture of membrane as a adverse outcome of pregnancy. Also we checked the job condition such as working hours, duty, working posture, job stress, and department. We analyse the data using SPSS program. 1.The percents of working condition such as shift work, working time, resting time, heavy lifting, physical exertion, and tiredness were significantly higher in nurse group compared to office workers. 2.The vaginal bleeding was significantly frequent in nurses group compared to office workers 3.The factors associated with complication of pregnancy was working hours in nurses and office workers In conclusion, this study suggested that adverse pregnancy outcome in nurse and office workers associated with working activity significantly. Therefore the prevention program showed be developed to preserve the female workers.

Rhizopus oligosporus 를 이용한 한국된장의 제조에 관한 연구

김상순,박효숙 淑明女子大學校 生活科學硏究所 1988 論文集 Vol.2 No.1

In order to characterize chemical & physical changes of doenjang which was fermented by R.oligosporus, three kinds of doenjangs were prepared with R.oligosporus and Asp.oryzae. Among the three groups, the first group was prepared with Asp. oryzae, the second group was prepared with Asp.oryzae and R. oligosporus and the third group was prepared with R. oligosporus. Kojis were prepared with Asp. oryzae and R. oligosporus respectively, fermented for 48hr and enzyme activities of kojis were examined. Chemical & physical changes of each group of doenjangs were found during were found during 60 days of fermentation period. These groups of doenjangs were analyzed regularly at 10 days' interval and the results of the study were summarized as follows; 1. protease and amylase activities in Asp.oryzae koji and R. oligosporus koji were increased gradually during 48hrs of fermentation. Asp. oryzae koji showed higher enzyme activities during fermentation than that of R. oligosporus koji. 2. pH was reduced during the doenjangs fermentation in all of the three groups. The final pH value of the doenjangs showed from 5.66 to 5.92 at the last stage of fermentation. Especially the mixture group showed a large magnitude drop in pH compared to those of others over the 60-day test period. On the other hand titrable acidity was increased during the doenjangs fermentation. 3. The total nitrogen content was changed irregularly from 2.31 to 2.64% during the doenjangs fermentation. The each content of water soluble nitrogen, amino type nitrogen and ammonia type nitrogen was increased during the doenjangs fermentation. The content of nitrogen compounds of Asp. oryzae group was the highest among all of the three groups. 4. Total sugar content was decreased gradually, while the reducing sugar content was being remained below 1.5%. The reducing sugar content was increased for 20-30 days and was decreased after that period. 5. Free amino acid content was increased during the doenjangs fermentation and showed maximum content after 60 day's fermentation. The content of total free amino acid was the highest in Asp. oryzae group and showed the order of mixture group and R. oligosporus group. Histidine content was the highest, followed by Glutamic acid and Aspartic acid. 6. The L(Lightness) color values ware decreased while a(redness) and b(yellowness) were increased during the doenjangs fermentation in all of three groups. Change in L was the highest in R.oligosporus group, change in a & b was the highest in Asp. oryzae group. 7. In sensory evaluation, Asp. oryzae group showed the most excellent color, taste and total acceptability. There were not significant differences in taste and total acceptability between Asp. oryzae group and R. oligosporus group but was a significant difference between mixture group and the other two groups.

중국여성 소비자의 의복 디자인 선호도에 관한 연구

김효숙 건국대학교 생활문화연구소 2000 생활문화ㆍ예술논집 Vol.23 No.-

This study is related to the analysis of design preference according to the general characteristics of consumers in order to obtain basic materials which are necessary for the development of goods that can satisfy the needs and desire of consumers. Age, occupation, educational background, living expenses, clothing expenses are used for general characteristic variations, while color, fabric pattern, material, style are used for design preference variations. The method of study was by surveying 280 chinese women older than 20 years living in Beijing. The survey were taken from June to July, 1999. SAS(Statistical Analysis System) is used for frequency, percentage, average, standard deviation, x²-test, factor analysis. The results of this study are as follows ; 1. Examination on the Chinese preference of clothing behavior showed that they has preference for black and white color, cotton and wool textile, casual wear. 2. There was a significant difference in the preference of fabric patterns of outdoor clothes according to the age, occupation, and educational background. 3. There was a significant difference in the preference of style of outdoor clothes according to the age, occupation, and educational background.

의복스타일과 색이 신체이미지 지각에 미치는 영향

김효숙,최창석,이은실 대한가정학회 2003 Family and Environment Research Vol.41 No.9

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of dothing colors, dothing styles on women's body image perception. The experimental design was 2 x 2 x 9(perceiver's gender x clothing styles x clothing colors) factorial design with between-subjects design. Subjects were 320 college students in the metropolitan area of Seoul. Perceiver's gender, clothing styles, and clothii colors gave a significant influence on the 3 variables of shoulder, the upper half of the body, and bust. Shoulder and the upper half of the body had an interaction effect by clothing styles and clothing color. Perceiver s gender gave a significant influence on hip size, length of leg, height, clothing styles did a significant influence on hip size, length of leg, height, and slender figure. Clothing colors gave a significant influence on length of leg, height, and slender figure. Length of leg and slender figure had an interaction effect by perceiver s gender and clothing styles. Hip size had an interaction effect by perceiver s gender and clothing color. Hip size had an interaction effect by clothing styles and clothing color. The results of this study support that coloration of clothing and clothing style affects perception of stimulus persons wearing apparel.

「임원십육지」정조지의 조리학적 고찰(Ⅱ) : 활팽지류의 부식류 중 습열 조리를 중심으로

김현숙;이효지 한양대학교 2005 韓國 生活 科學 硏究 Vol.25 No.1

Whalpang-ji-rhu of jongjo-ji is dealing with how to cook meat, fish, soup, roasting, raw fish, raw meat, drying, salted fish, preserving with salt, smoking, boiled dish, Calf’s-hoof jelly, sausage and beef with vegetables cooked in casserole. These are classified into steamed dishes. The summary of culinary classification is as follows. 1) There are soup(18), boiled dish(10), calf’s-hoof jelly(2), sausage(3) and beef with vegetables cooked in casserole(2) 2) Meat and fish take effect with curable food material. Food selection is based on health, taste and smell. It is for improving efficiency. It gives us good guideline for preparing and eating food in these days of serious food problem like fast food and poisonous food. No any other Korean old cook book but this book stress that reciprocal action among health, smell and taste is very important in terms of medicinal food which is characteristic of food in Cho-sun dynasty. 3) It mentions the effective heating methods and the usage of meat, fouls and fish by the methods. 4)The ingredients and seasoning for soup, boiled dish, Calf’s-hoof jelly, sausage and beef with vegetables cooked in casserole. (1) Ingredients -For meat and fouls: beef, lamb, pork, dog, venison, horse, meat, chicken, pheasant meat, rabbit meat, wild goose meat and inward parts of the each body. -For fish and shellfish: carp, crucian, dried Pollack, shad fish, mullet, crab, shrimp, snail, abalone, sea cucumber. -Egg, duck egg, -apricot, -mushroom -Rice, flour, mung bean flour, bean-curd, bean flour. Red bean, noodle, -Turnip, Radish, parsley, wax gourd, balloon flower, -Curable food material: orange peel, apricot stone, walnut, bamboo, yam, curd, bamboo shoot, gleditschia, mulberry, yellowwax hawthorn, Japanese apricot, cherry leaves, seed of paper mulberry,alum, persimmon, maximowiczia chinensis, fennel, milk vetch, foxglove, cinnamon, lime, shallot, hangni. (2) Seasoning -Leek, ginger, pepper, salt, vinegar, sugar, sesame, vine, oil, honey, soy sauce with vinegar, sesame oil, dried ginger. -Among them vinegar is very often used for cooking meat and fish. Conclusion, 『Whalpang-ji-rhu of jongjo-ji』 was differant that classfication of diets was recorded today. Food was impotant to regard a criterion of medicinal value an material and efficiency as harmony. It was a few of the other books that food was the same medicinal food. Forward I expect to revive that diets of 『jongjo-ji』 is good for the health food.