Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance Profiles Between Healthcare-Associated (HA) and Community-Associated (CA) Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

( Hong Sik Eom ),( Gi Yong Lee ),( Seung Hyun Back ),( Haeng Ho Lee ),( Kyoung-ho Song ),( Eu Suk Kim ),( Hong Bin Kim ),( Soo-jin Yang ) 대한인수공통전염병학회 2018 창립총회 및 학술대회 초록집 Vol.2018 No.1

Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus causes a wide spectrum of clinical syndromes, ranging from skin infections to life-threatening bacteremia. The major community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) clone in Korea, ST72-SCCmecVI, has been spreading in both community and healthcare setting, raising serious public health concerns. In this investigation, potential genotype-specific susceptibility profiles to clinically important antibiotics were assessed using ST72-SCCmecIV and ST5-SCCmecII MRSA strains. Methods: Using a total 76 MRSA strains (41 HA-MRSA and 35 CA-MRSA strains), we determined: i) genotypes such as MLST, spa, agr, SCCmec types; ii) in vitro susceptibilities to ten different antibiotics (ampicillin, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, erythromycin, cefoxitin, gentamicin, rifampin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, Quinupristin-dalfopristin, tetracycline) using disk diffusion or microdilution methods according to CLSI guideline. Results: All the ST5 HA-MRSA strains were SCCmecII, while all the ST72 CA-MRSA strains were SCCmecIV. 27 out of 41 HA-MRSA strains were agr type II and 34/35 CA-MRSA strains were agr type I, respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility analyses revealed that ST5 HA-MRSA strains tend to have higher levels of resistance to 5 antibiotics (chloramphenicol, erythromycin, gentamicin, rifampin, tetracycline) versus ST72 CA-MRSA strains. In addition, ST5 HA-MRSA strains appeared to have higher rates of multidrug-resistance (MDR) compared with those of ST72 CA-MRSA strains. Conclusion: ST5 HA-MRSA-SCCmecII strains have been associated with higher virulence compared with ST72 CA-MRSA- SCCmecIV strains in Korea. In the current investigation, our results indicate that, in addition to the enhanced virulence, ST5 HA-MRSA-SCCmecII strains have increased resistance to clinically important multiple antibiotics versus the CA-MRSA strains.

Prevalence and Characterization of Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Isolates in Pork Production Chain in Korea

( Hong Sik Eom ),( Gi Yong Lee ),( Haeng Ho Lee ),( Seung Hyun Back ),( Kun Taek Park ),( Yong-ho Park ),( Soo-jin Yang ) 대한인수공통전염병학회 2019 창립총회 및 학술대회 초록집 Vol.2019 No.1

Background: While the prevalence and genetic profiles of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains in pigs and pork meat has been actively studied, livestock-associated MSSA strains have not been well characterized other than few small scale studies. In the current investigation, we assessed nationwide prevalence of MSSA in the pig production chain including pig farms, slaughterhouses, and retail markets in Korea. Materials and Methods: We used 41 MSSA strains isolated from pig farms, slaughterhouses, and retail markets to assess: i) in vitro susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents using the standard disc diffusion test and E-test; ii) genotypic characteristics including multilocus sequence types (MLST), accessory gene regulator (agr) types, staphylococcal protein A (spa) types, and staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) types; iii) virulence factors such as staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1). Results: Among the 41 MSSA strains, the predominant clonal lineages were sequence type (ST) 398 (n=15, 37%) and ST5 (n = 13, 32%). Although the overall prevalence of MSSA (2.58%) and mostly restricted to pig farms, some of the MSSA strains, especially ST398 MSSA strains, exhibited higher level of multidrug resistance phenotype versus non-ST398 MSSA strains. In addition to the MDR phenotype, all of the ST398 MSSA strains were resistant to tetracycline by harboring tet(K), tet(L), and/or tet(M) genes. Conclusion: Our findings suggested that the MDR nature with high level of tetracycline resistance may have played an important role in the emergence and prevalence of ST398 MSSA.

Clinical Characteristics and Pregnancy-Related Outcomes of Pregnant Women Hospitalized with COVID-19 During the Delta Wave: A Single-Center Observational Study

Hong Shin Hee,Shi Hye Jin,Kim Suk Young,Park Yoonseon,Eom Joong Sik 대한감염학회 2022 Infection and Chemotherapy Vol.54 No.3

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during pregnancy is associated with increased disease severity and an increased risk of perinatal complications. However, few studies of pregnant women with COVID-19 have been conducted in Korea. The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical course and pregnancy outcomes of pregnant women admitted to our hospital with COVID-19 according to the severity. Materials and Methods This retrospective cohort study included women aged 18 years of age or older who were hospitalized in the Gachon University Gil Medical Center with COVID-19 during pregnancy between July 1, 2021 and January 31, 2022. COVID-19 severity was classified according to the “Criteria for severity classification by symptoms of COVID-19” presented by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. Severe cases were defined as those who required oxygen treatment administered via a high-flow nasal cannula or invasive mechanical ventilation or should be applied extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) or continuous renal replacement therapy. Results A total of 103 pregnant women were hospitalized with COVID-19 during the study period. Their mean age was 33 (± 4.14) years, and 4 (3.9%) had been vaccinated against COVID-19. At the time of diagnosis of COVID-19, 3 (2.9%), 33 (32.0%), and 67 (65.1%) patients were in the first, second, and third trimester, respectively. The most common symptoms were cough (99 patients, 96.1%) and fever (85 patients, 82.5%). There was 1 (1.0%) asymptomatic patient. Forty patients (38.8%) required supplemental oxygen and 19 patients (18.4%) had severe disease. Of the 19 severe cases, 7 were in the 2nd trimester and 12 were in the 3rd trimester. Forty-one (39.8%) patients delivered, including two twin deliveries. Of the 41 cases of delivery, 14 were premature, 4 out of 21 (19.0%) in mild, 4 out of 12 (25.0%) in moderate, and 6 out of 8 (75.0%) in severe. Severe disease was associated with an increased rate of preterm birth (P = 0.012). Four of the 43 neonates (9.1%) received oxygen treatment. Conclusion Pregnant women with COVID-19 had a high rate of severe disease and a high preterm delivery rate, especially among those with severe disease. Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during pregnancy is associated with increased disease severity and an increased risk of perinatal complications. However, few studies of pregnant women with COVID-19 have been conducted in Korea. The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical course and pregnancy outcomes of pregnant women admitted to our hospital with COVID-19 according to the severity. Materials and Methods This retrospective cohort study included women aged 18 years of age or older who were hospitalized in the Gachon University Gil Medical Center with COVID-19 during pregnancy between July 1, 2021 and January 31, 2022. COVID-19 severity was classified according to the “Criteria for severity classification by symptoms of COVID-19” presented by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. Severe cases were defined as those who required oxygen treatment administered via a high-flow nasal cannula or invasive mechanical ventilation or should be applied extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) or continuous renal replacement therapy. Results A total of 103 pregnant women were hospitalized with COVID-19 during the study period. Their mean age was 33 (± 4.14) years, and 4 (3.9%) had been vaccinated against COVID-19. At the time of diagnosis of COVID-19, 3 (2.9%), 33 (32.0%), and 67 (65.1%) patients were in the first, second, and third trimester, respectively. The most common symptoms were cough (99 patients, 96.1%) and fever (85 patients, 82.5%). There was 1 (1.0%) asymptomatic patient. Forty patients (38.8%) required supplemental oxygen and 19 patients (18.4%) had severe disease. Of the 19 severe cases, 7 were in the 2nd trimester and 12 were in the 3rd trimester. Forty-one (39.8%) patients delivered, including two twin deliveries. Of the 41 cases of delivery, 14 were premature, 4 out of 21 (19.0%) in mild, 4 out of 12 (25.0%) in moderate, and 6 out of 8 (75.0%) in severe. Severe disease was associated with an increased rate of preterm birth (P = 0.012). Four of the 43 neonates (9.1%) received oxygen treatment. Conclusion Pregnant women with COVID-19 had a high rate of severe disease and a high preterm delivery rate, especially among those with severe disease.

삼일열 말라리아에 합병된 비장 파열 1예

홍경욱,이정아,김원진,박철민,권혜리,박혜원,엄중식 대한감염학회 2007 감염과 화학요법 Vol.39 No.5

국내의 토착형 말라리아는 삼일열 말라리아로, 1993년부터 재유행이 시작되었다. 말라리아의 중요한 합병증으로 드물지만 비장 파열이 있는데, 이는 주로 삼일열 말라리아에 의해서 발생되며, 국내에서는 1999년 말라리아에 의한 비장 파열로 비장 절제술을 시행한 예가 보고된 바 있다. 현재까지는 비장 파열이 있을 때 비장 절제술이 일차적인 치료로 되어 있으나, 비장 절제술 후의 감염 위험성이 크므로, 활력 징후가 불안정하거나, 출혈이 지속되는 소견이 보이지 않으면 가급적 보존적 치료를 하는 것이 추천된다. 저자들은 비장 파열이 동반된 말라리아 환자에서 비장 절제술을 시행하지 않고 보존적 치료로 호전된 예를 경험하여 보고하는 바이다. Plasmodium vivax has been the predominant Plasmodium species in the Republic of Korea and reemerged in 1993. Spontaneous rupture of malarial spleen is a rare but important complication associated with P. vivax infection. Only one case of spontaneous rupture of malarial spleen was reported in Korea in 1999. Splenectomy is still accepted as the treatment of choice in cases of spontaneous rupture of the spleen. But, considering increased risk of postsplenectomy infecion, splenectomy should be reserved for those patients with severe rupture or those with continued or recurrent bleeding. And conservative treatment should be considered in selected, closely monitored patients. We report a patient with P. vivax malaria who developed a spontaneous splenic rupture and was improved by conservative treatment.

레이저 유도 백열법을 이용한 에틸렌 화염 배기에서의 Soot 입자 크기 계측에 관한 연구

전홍식(Hong Sik Chun),류훈철(Hoon Chul Ryu),박종일(Jong Il Park),엄규섭(Gyu Sub Eom),한재원(Jae Won Hahn),전광민(Kwang Min Chun) 대한기계학회 2005 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2005 No.5

Recently, particulate matter (PM) emission regulations are becoming more strict for diesel engines. There is increasing interest for measuring not only concentration, but also size of the particles. Laser -induced incandescence (LII) has emerged as a promising technique for measuring particle volume fraction and size. In this study, Simple time resolved LII (TIRE-LII) method was applied to the simulated exhaust of Ethylene diffusion flame as a preliminary test for measuring diesel exhaust PM emissions. The particle size results from LII technique were calibrated via field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) photograph. The inaccuracy of particle sizes between LII measurement and FE-SEM photograph was within 4.3%.

시간 다이버시티를 이용한 강한 펄스 잡음 환경에서의 저복잡도 OFDM 신호 처리기법

엄승식(Eom Seung-Sik),조경태(Jo Kyung-Tae),박기홍(Park Ki-Hong),고영채(Ko Young-Chai) 한국통신학회 2011 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.2

온라인 공간의 정치 양극화는 심화될 것인가?: 선거 기사 댓글에 대한 경험적 분석

엄기홍 ( Eom Ki-hong ),김대식 ( Kim Dae-sik ) 한국정보화진흥원 2021 정보화정책 Vol.28 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 온라인 공간의 속성을 규명하고, 이러한 속성이 민주주의 운영에 미칠 영향을 경험적으로 분석하는 데 있다. 본 연구는 2021년 4월 7일 치러진 서울시장 및 부산시장 보궐선거에 관한 언론 기사와 댓글을 수집하여 온라인 공간의 속성과 정치 양극화를 경험적으로 분석하고 있다. 구체적으로 본 연구는 토픽모델링을 활용하여 보궐선거에 나타난 언론 보도의 다양성을 측정하였으며, 감성분석을 활용하여 기사 댓글에 비친 온라인 여론을 측정하였다. 이후 언론이 가장 주목한 보도가 온라인 여론에 영향을 미치는 여부를 단절적 시계열 분석을 통하여 분석하였다. 이러한 시도는 온라인 여론의 견고성을 검증하는 시도로써 정치 양극화의 수준을 측정하는 지표로 사용된다. 분석 결과를 보면, 첫째 언론은 보궐선거 지역과 후보에 따라 선거 관심도와 주제가 달랐다. 둘째, 언론 보도의 다양성에도 불구하고, 기사 댓글에 나타난 온라인 여론은 높은 부정 여론, 낮은 긍정 여론이 지속적으로 나타났다. 특히 선거일에 즈음할수록 양극화의 수준은 더욱 분명했다. 셋째, 단절적 시계열 분석 결과를 보면, 선거 관심도에 따라 정치 양극화의 변화 가능성이 차별적인 것으로 나타났다. 향후 온라인 공간을 통한 정치참여가 거부할 수 없는 흐름이란 점을 고려할 때, 본 연구는 온라인 공간에서 재현되는 정치 양극화 해소를 위한 방안 마련이 시급하다고 제언하고 있다. The purpose of this research is to investigate the attributes of the online world and to analyze their influence on democracy. The research focuses on the mayoral by-elections that were held in Seoul and Busan, South Korea, on April 4, 2021. The study demonstrates the characteristics of online spaces and the polarization of the online public through news articles and user comments from the Internet. The research includes topic modeling to measure the diversity of media reports, sentiment analysis to measure online public opinion, and interrupted time series analysis to understand how a particular event influences online attitudes. A combination of these methods is used to attempt to estimate the strength of political polarity in the online environment. The study shows diverse media reports by election region and candidate, where the online public repeatedly reveals high negative and low positive attitudes towards each candidate. Moreover, political polarity can differ based on the level of interest in an election. Although voters pay less attention to a by-election than a presidential election, there is a solid political polarity in the online world. Hence, the research recommends preparing measures to alleviate the polarization as politics requires significant online participation.

Observer Based Sensorless Force Control of Robot Manipulator

Il Hong Suh,Kwang Sik Eom,Chang Eun Lee 제어로봇시스템학회 1997 제어로봇시스템학회 국내학술대회 논문집 Vol.1997 No.10

Operation of KSTAR PF Superconducting Magnet Power Supplies Under MG Power System

Hyun-Sik Ahn,Dong-Ken Lee,Jae-Hoon Choi,Jong-Kuk Jin,Seong-Lok Hong,Dae-Young Eom,Kap-Rai Park Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2016 IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity Vol.26 No.4

<P>Poloidal field (PF) power supplies provide 20-25 kA to PF superconducting magnets to generate, maintain, and control the Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) plasma. A substantial amount of grid power for PF power supplies is required. Before 2014, available grid power for PF power supplies reached only 50 MVA, which is comparably small to support the rated operation of PF magnets. To achieve high-performance and long pulse operation of KSTAR plasma, the motor generator (MG) system, whose maximum power is 200 MVA, was designed and tested up to 150 MVA with PF magnets in 2014. Frequency fluctuation of line voltage, voltage distortion, and harmonic current increases are found during the operation. The power supply control can be seriously affected by these problems because every PF power supply uses a 12-pulse thyristor converter that is sensitive to the power quality. In this paper, key features of power supply control under grid and MG power system are described, and the test results are presented.</P>

Quality Characteristics of muffins added with different rice variety

Hyun-Ju Eom,Hyang-Sik Yoon,Nam Kyoung Kim,Yoon Jin Jeong,Ik-Jei Kim,Chae-Young Lee,,SeongTaek Hong 한국식품영양과학회 2018 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2018 No.10