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Insecticidal activity of Ruta chalepensis leaf-derived component against Sitophilus zeamais
Ju-Hyun Jeon,Geon-Hwi Lee,Sang-Guei Lee,Hoi-Seon Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2011 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.05
Insecticidal activity of active component isolated from Ruta chalepensis leaves was examined against maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais and compared with two different bioassay system, such as direct contact and fumigant method. The methanol extract of R. chalepensis leaves had strongly (+++) insecticidal activity at 50 mg/disk against S. zeamais. Methanol extract of R. chalepensis was partitioned with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water fraction, successively. In this result, the highest activity was shown in chloroform fraction against S. zeamais. Biologically active compound derived from chloroform fraction of R. chalepensis extract was purified by using SiO2 column chromatography and prep-HPLC. The insecticidal constituent of R. chalepensis was identified as quinoline-4-carboxaldehyde by various chromatography and spectroscopic analysis methods. At 2.5 mg/disk, the most toxic activity against S. zeamais was exerted by the direct contact method (100%), followed by the fumigant method (23%). These results revealed that the contact toxicity showed 4.35 times greater than the respiration toxicity. Furthermore, these results indicate that quinoline- 4-carboxaldehyde could be useful as a new preventive agent against damage caused by stored-product insects.
Suppressive Effects of Dihydroxyanthraquinone Derivatives against Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase
Lee, Hoi-Seon The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2010 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.53 No.6
Inhibitory effects of Cassia tora seed-derived materials against nitric oxide (NO) production were determined via evaluation of NO production. Inhibitory effects of 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone and 1,5-dibydroxyanthraquinone against NO production were 71.5 and 61.1% at $5\;{\mu}g$/mL, respectively. The suppressive effects of 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone completely blocked iNOS protein expression at $20\;{\mu}M$.
Lee, Chi-Hoon,Lee, Sang-Guei,Lee, Hoi-Seon The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2010 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.53 No.2
Acaricidal activities of Thymus vulgaris leaf-derived materials were examined using a fumigant and filter paper bioassay and compared to those of monoterpene alcohols and the synthetic acaricide, benzyl benzoate. In the fumigant bioassay, the $LD_{50}$ value of the T. vulgaris oil was 3.1 and 3.7 ${\mu}g/cm^2$ against Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus, respectively. Active constituent of T. vulgaris leaves was purified by various chromatographies and identified as carvacrol by various spectra. When the relative toxicity against Dermatophagoides spp. was measured using a fumigant and filter paper bioassay, carvacrol was 4.1 to 8.0-fold more toxic than benzyl benzoate, but less toxic than $\beta$-citronellol. Specifically, in case of acaricidal activity of $\beta$-citronellol was 32.2 to 63.1-fold higher than that of benzyl benzoate against Dermatophagoides spp. Taken as a whole, the filter paper bioassay with all tested compounds leading to more effective acaricidal activity than the fumigant bioassay. In addition, the results of this study revealed that carvacrol and the two monoterpene alcohols ($\beta$-citronellol and borneol) were generally higher than those of commercial acaricides such as benzyl benzoate against the two mite species. These results indicate that carvacrol, $\beta$-citronellol, and borneol could be useful as a new preventive agent against damage caused by arthropod pests.
Lee, Chi-Hoon,Jeon, Ju-Hyun,Lee, Sang-Guei,Lee, Hoi-Seon The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2010 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.53 No.4
This study examined the insecticidal effects of Sebastiania corniculata materials against Laodelphax striatellus, Nilaparvata lugens, and Sogatella furcifera. Based on the lethal $dose_{50}$ ($LD_{50}$) values, the chloroform fraction of S. corniculata showed the most potential activity against L. striatellus ($1.09\;{\mu}g$/female), N. lugens ($4.46\;{\mu}g$/female), and S. furcifera ($2.32\;{\mu}g$/female). Therefore, we purified the active component of the chloroform fraction, using various chromatographies, and identified it as 8-hydroxyquinoline. To establish the structure-activity relationships, we tested 8-hydroxyquinoline and its derivatives against the 3 planthopper species. Based on 48 h $LD_{50}$ values, isoquinoline and 6-methoxyquinoline were the most effective against the 3 species. 8-Hydroxyquinoline, 4-methylquinoline, 6-methylquinoline, and 8-hydroxy-2-methylquinoline showed high insecticidal effects. These results indicate that changing the nitrogen atom's position in quinoline's pyridine ring plays an important role in the insecticidal effects. We found a high correlation between the introduction of a functional group into the quinoline structure and toxicity against the 3 planthoppers. Our results indicate these insecticidal effects seem to require quinoline derivatives containing hydroxyl ($R_4$ position), methyl ($R_2$ and $R_3$ position), and methoxy ($R_3$ position) groups and a structural isomer of quinoline and suggest that these derivatives may be useful as new preventative agents against the damage caused by a wide range of pests in rice farming areas.