고려시대 청주 지방세력의 중앙 진출과 그 세력 변화 - 청주 ‘土姓’을 중심으로

신호철 충북대학교 중원문화연구소 2013 중원문화연구총서 Vol.21 No.-

본문참고

학습자 특성을 고려한 역량 중심 대학 글쓰기 교육 수행 방안

신호철 청주대학교 학술연구소 2020 淸大學術論集 Vol.34 No.-

This paper resets the direction and goal of college writing education to competency-based writing education. In other words, we discussed how to implement college writing education in a way to increase the capacity of university students. First of all, he argued that the college writing education should be converted from the existing genre-oriented writing education or the academic purpose-oriented writing education to the college writing education to strengthen the social job competences required by modern university students and our society. To this end, the concept of college writing education was reconstructed and the goal of college writing education was reset. The collage writing education is the basic education for communication, critical thinking, logical thinking, creativity and personality, and career development. In other words, the goal of college writing education should be to establish and implement education for communication, education for thinking, education for creativity and humanity, and education for career.

한국어 발음 전문 교재 개발을 위한 기초 연구 : 중국 내 한국어 발음 교재의 문법 용어를 중심으로

신호철 淸州大學校 學術硏究所 2022 淸大學術論集 Vol.38 No.-

This study examines how to convert Korean grammar terms into Chinese terms for Korean pronunciation textbooks published in China for the purpose of conducting basic research for the development of Korean pronunciation textbooks. In chapter 2, this study selects textbooks, among the textbooks which were published in China, that could be the subject of this study. 9 comprehensive Korean language education textbooks were selected. The selection criteria is professionalism, scope of use, publication time, and ease of access. And among Korean grammar terms that have not been discussed so far, grammatical terms related to the vowel, consonant and phonological system were selected. Therefore, 28 Korean grammar terms were selected, including 12 vowel-related grammatical terms and 16 consonant-related grammatical terms. In chapter 3, this paper analyzed how Korean grammar terms are used as Chinese grammar terms in selected Korean pronunciation education textbooks. And we found a lot of problems by analyzing vowel and consonant. First, Chinese grammatical terms are using different forms from Korean terms except the gutturals and nasal sound in consonant, It can cause distortion of conceptual meaning that Korean grammatical terms imply. And, grammatical terms are used based on the Chinese phonological system not Korean. Also they are using grammatical terms by suggesting Chinese criterion which are different from Korean criterion. In chapter 4, this study suggests five solutions to resolve problems from chapter 3. First, this study suggests to distinguish Chinese grammatical terms according to purposes of learning Korean. Next, we propose to differentiate Chinese grammatical terms and Korean terms according to analyzing learner's requirements and abilitys. And, this study suggests that Korean grammatical terms should use on the base of its linguistic features. Also, Chinese grammatical terms should use by considering culture and custom. Finally, Chinese and Korean terms should write side-by-side.

한국어 문화 교육 내용 양상 연구 : 문학 텍스트에 대한 양적 분석을 중심으로

신호철 淸州大學校 學術硏究所 2024 淸大學術論集 Vol.41 No.-

The purpose of this study is to examine the aspects of Korean culture education using literary texts by selecting 173 literary texts included in 71 Korean language textbooks published by major Korean language education institutions in Korea and conducting quantitative analysis. First of all, as a result of analyzing 173 literary texts by writer, all writers with the highest frequency were contemporary writers, and especially poets were all the writers with the highest frequency. Through this, it was possible to obtain implications that Korean learners could more easily access the verse text of short texts than the prose text of long texts. Additionally, I analyzed literary texts by categorizing them. Classified according to the four main categories of literary text, classic prose, contemporary prose, and contemporary verse, they were classified in great detail. As a result of the data analysis, it was confirmed that the majority of classic prose texts translated and adapted into modern Korean were included in Korean textbooks. This is due to the fact that the classic texts present the appearance of Korean traditional culture well. Additionally, it can be discovered that the fact that the majority of classical texts are contained in Korean language and culture education indicates that literary texts can be fully utilized as content materials for cultural education. Finally, I organized and analyzed Korean language textbooks containing literary texts by series. There have been various discussions about the timing of Korean language culture education. In other words, the view that culture education should be conducted from beginner learners to advanced learners was at odds, but there was little clear evidence to support each point of view. However, the quantitative analysis of literary texts contained in Korean language textbooks and used in Korean culture education showed that it was possible to grasp the perspectives of Korean language education institutions at each university that wanted to provide Korean culture education for intermediate (fourth) and advanced (five) learners, especially fifth-class learners.

유산균 용균 효소를 생산하는 미생물의 분리, 동정 및 배양조건

신원철,마호우 한국미생물생명공학회 ( 구 한국산업미생물학회 ) 1996 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.24 No.3

토양으로부터 Lactobacillus plantarum에 대하여 용균 활성이 있는 미생물을 분리하여 동정 및 배양 조건을 검토하였다. 용균 활성이 있는 분리 균주는 Gram 양성으로 포자와 편모는 존재하지 않았다. 분리 균주의 배양학적 특성은 colony 형태가 불규칙하였고 색깔은 흰색이었으며 표면은 거치른 상태이었다. 그 외 생리학적 특성으로는 생육온도 범위가 15~45℃, 생육 pH 범위는 4~10이었다. 또한 염농도가 7%까지 생육이 가능하였고 catalase, oxidase 양성 및 starch, casein, esculin 분해능이 있었다. 이상의 결과와 당이용성과 당발효성을 검토한 결과로부터 분리 균주는 Bacillus sp.로 동정되어 Bacillus sp. LM-8로 명명하였다. Bacillus sp. LM-8을 이용한 용균 효소의 생산은 NB 배지에서 초기 pH 8, 30℃에서 24시간 배양하였을 때 약 1.25 units/ml를 나타내었다. 또한 배지조성 검토 결과 당은 용균 효소 생산에 커다란 영향이 없었고 peptone 1.0%, NaCl 0.1%에서 약 1.5 units/ml의 용균 효소 생산을 나타내었다. Isolation, identification, and culture conditions of a lytic enzyme producing microorganism against Lactobacillus plantarum were investigated. The selected strain was gram-positive, rod (0.7×2.7 ㎛ in size), and non-motile. The strain did not have any flagella and spores. According to its cultural and physiological characteristics, the strain was identified as Bacillus sp. The optimal pH and temperature for the production of lytic enzyme were 8.0 and 30℃, respectively. The maximum enzyme activity showed 1.5 units/ml in the medium composed of 1% peptone and 0.1% NaCl.

한국어 유음(流音)의 발음 교육에 대한 연구 : 중국어 모어 화자를 중심으로 focus on Chinese native speaker

신호철 국어교육학회 2003 國語敎育學硏究 Vol.16 No.-

본 고는 한국어 유음을 학습하는 중국어 모어 화자들의 발음 오류 유형을 분석하고 그 대안을 찾고자 하였다. 이를 위해 먼저 한국어 교재들의 발음 교육 현황을 살펴보았다. 한국어 교재에는 말하기, 듣기, 쓰기, 읽기 등을 종합적으로 다루고 있는 종합 교재와 발음만을 전문적으로 교육하는 내용을 담고 있는 발음 전문 교재로 구분하였다. 종합 교재에서는 발음 부분이 상대적으로 간략하게 다루고 있으며, 각 교재별로 한국어 유음에 대한 설명이 조금씩 다름을 알 수 있었고, 또한 상급으로 올라갈수록 발음 교육에 비중이 적어짐을 알 수 있었다. 발음 전문 교재에서는 각 자모(字母)별로 학습 방법과 설명에 중심을 두고 있었다. 그러나 각 음에 대한 예들의 체계적인 나열과 예시에 아쉬움이 있었다. 한국어 유음에 있어서 중국어 모어 화자들이 설측음과 탄설음의 구분에 어려움을 겪고 있는 것은 한국어와 중국어의 음운체계의 기원이있다. 즉 한국어의 유음에는 설측음 [l]과 탄설음 [rl이 있는데 반하여, 중국어의 유음에는 설측음 [l]밖에 존재하지 않기 때문에 중국어 모어화자들이 한국어 탄설음 [r]을 발음하는데 어려움을 겪는 것이다. 한국어의 유음이 실현되는 유형을 6가지로 분류하였다. 즉, 1유형은[vowel]+[l] 유형으로 "말, 달, 가을…" 등의 예들이 있고, 2유형은 [r]+[vowel] 유형으로 "라면 라디오…" 등의 예들이 있으며, 3유형은 [l]+[l] 유형으로 "별로, 흘러, 신라…"등의 예들이 있으며, 4유형은 [1]+[Consonant] 유형으로 "펄펄, 알밤, 딸기…" 등의 예들이 있으며, 5유형은 [l]+[vowel] 유형으로 "아이들이, 낮말은…" 등과 같이 실사와 허사가 결합할 때 발생하는 유형이다. 마지막으로 6유형은 [vowel]+[r] 유형으로 "그림, 사람, 아리랑, 고개를 넘어간다…"등과 같은 예들이 있다. 이 6가지 유형 중에서 2유형, 5유형, 6유형들이 중국어 모어 화자들이 발음에 어려움을 겪는 것들이다. 2유형은 탄설음[r]을 설측음 [l]로 발음 오류를 보이는 유형이고, 5ㆍ6유형은 설측음[l]을 전후 음절들의 받침과 초성에 첨가해서 발음을 하는 오류 유형들이다. 한국어의 탄설음을 학습하는 데 긴장된 혀의 근육을 풀어주는 연습방법이 필요하다. 혀를 빠른 속도로 윗니 뒷부분에 닿게 하는 훈련이나 자연적인 소리를 흉내내게 함으로써 보다 단기간 내에 탄설음을 학습할 수 있을 것이다. 또한 한국어 교재를 편찬하는 데 있어서 이러한 발음오류를 보이는 유형들과 오류를 보이지 않는 유형들을 구분하여 예들을 제시한다면, 외국인들이 한국어를 학습하는데 한층 수월하지 않을까 생각하는 바이다. 또한 오류 유형들을 보면 발음 학습의 예들로써 단음절어 예들보다는 다음절어 또는 짤막한 단문을 위주로 예들을 제시한다면 더 효과적일 것으로 판단하는 바이다. This study brings to a focus on analyzing the types that Chinese native speakers who are learning Korean liquid sound make an error in pronunciation and proposes an alternative plan. The reason that Chinese native speakers feel difficult to tell lateral (sound) and flap (sound) when they study Korean liquid sound is due to the difference on the sound system between Korean and Chinese. That is to say, Korean has lateral sound [1] and flap sound [r] as liquid sound, while Chinese has only lateral sound [1]. This makes Chinese native speakers difficult to pronounce Korean flap sound Ir). Korean liquid sound can be classified into 6 types as follows : 1 type is [Vowel] +[1](examples : (mall, (tall. (kail)). 2 type is [r]+ [Vowel] (examples : 〔ramj?n〕, 〔radio〕). 3 type is 〔1〕+ 〔1〕 (examples :[pj?llo〕, 〔hill?〕, 〔silla〕). 4 type is 〔1〕+[Consonant1 (examples : 〔p?lp?l〕, 〔albaml 〕, 〔t'lgi〕) . 5 type is 111 + [Vowel] (examples : [aidil-i] , 〔natmal-in〕) . 6 type is [Vowel] + (1-1 (examples : [kirim], [saram], [arira?]) Among these 6 types, the second, the fifth and sixth ones are the types that Chinese native speakers have (much) trouble to pronounce. The second type is to mispronounce flap (r) as lateral (1) and the fifth and sixth types are to mis- pronounce the front and rear syllable of lateral (1) added to a final consonant and an initial sound. If we can present the examples divided into the type that shows pronunciation error and the type that don't when we edit materials for teaching Korean, it can help foreigners to learn Korean easily. The present author thinks, in relation to the error types, that it will be more effective to present multi-syllable words or simple sentences rather than simple syllable words as an example for studying of pronunciation.

全蝎 抽出物의 抗癲癎效果에 關한 硏究

신현철,윤철호,김종대,정지천,신억섭,허근 한국한의학연구원 1997 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.3 No.1

In convulsion state by PTZ in rat, anticonvulsive effect and some γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-related mechanisms of Bythus extract in brain was experimented. It was ingibited GABA-T activity, lipid peroxide generation and xanthine oxidase activity as scheduled administration in vitro and vivo. And the content of brain gutathione was increased as scheduled administration in rat. In convulsion state by PTZ of previously managed rat by Buthus extract, onset eime and duration were non-specific changes but recovery time and severity was remarkably reduced. In conclusion speculated that Buthus extract inhibits convulsion by control of GABA content in brain.

한국어 교재에 나타난 한국어 표현과 담화 장면의 적합성 연구

신호철 청주대학교 학술연구소 2016 淸大學術論集 Vol.26 No.-

Until now the researcher analyzes consistency of korean expressions and conversation scenes in <Standard Korean> that is based on 2012 Korean curriculum. Conversation scenes of <Standard Korean> can be divided into dialogue and reading section. The researcher extracts 368 conversation scenes and analyzes suitability of dialogue section. On the whole, suitability between korean expressions and conversation scenes hold, but few don’t. Unsuitable conversation scenes are divided into 5 categories based on cause. First, showing illogic by using wrong age and nationality in elementary level. Second is lack of coherence by skipping auxiliary particles conjunctive adverb and part of conversation. Third is describe unnatural conversation scenes by using dialogue which is not appropriate the level. Fourth, conversation scene seems unsuitability because of using wrong grammar element. Lastly, same illustrations are used in totally different conversation scenes. Especially these unsuitabilities are found in elementary textbooks. It can be the mistake of first-made textbooks. Because unsuitabilities of conversation scene are not found in textbooks of middle and high education.

읽기와 쓰기를 위한 문법 내용 연구

신호철 청주대학교 학술연구소 2018 淸大學術論集 Vol.30 No.-

This study discussed about the method of composing the contents by integrating reading, writing, and grammar domain in Korean language education for foreigners. And this study suggested the method by explaining in detail about composition of the textbook that is composed as a real plan. Fist, this study discussed basic characteristics of reading, writing and grammar domain. Reading is the communication between authors and readers, and the path of communication between society. If reading is a path, writing is toll fee. If writing is toll fee, grammar is pass-power. This means underlying power and beginning of communication is depends on the grammar ability. And this study suggested the method by explaining in detail about composition of the textbook that is composed as a real plan. The emphasis of the textbook is finding contents that can help Korean language learners to read and write higher level texts through grammar. By the textbook, we hope that learners can understand the importance of grammar and understand that grammar is not a difficult domain that does not have to learn. On the other hand, we hope that the grammar domain will be the basic knowledge of reading and writing activities.

우울증 선별 검사 도구로서 Beck Depression Inventory(BDI)의 타당성 : Detection of depression in primary care

신호철,김철환,박용우,조비룡,송상욱,윤영호,오상우 大韓家庭醫學會 2000 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.21 No.11