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World Literature and Narrative Experimentation in Sok-yong Hwang`s East Asia Trilogy
( Eunju Hwang ) 21세기영어영문학회 2016 영어영문학21 Vol.29 No.4
This article contends that realism is still a valid aesthetic for literature from the periphery of the world literary system through examining Sok-yong Hwang`s East Asia trilogy: The Guest, Shim Chong, and Princess Bari. As a representative writer of Korean realism, Hwang would not give up trying to represent the reality of the voiceless and powerless people and make their voices heard, but he had to develop a more marketable form and content for international readers. His “poetic narrative” is what he has developed as a way to hold the realist spirit in a new form, and the trilogy is its outcome. Despite ghosts` appearance, the use of shamanistic motifs and ceremonies, and the use of multiple perspectives, his fiction always engages with real politics. By discussing the Sin`chon massacre in The Guest, the history of women exploited by capitalism in Shim Chong, and the migrants living on the periphery of the neoliberal world-system in Princess Bari, this article delves into how Hwang`s experiments with realism make the voices from the periphery more accessible to international readers.
Stationary Bootstrap for U-Statistics under Strong Mixing
Hwang, Eunju,Shin, Dong Wan The Korean Statistical Society 2015 Communications for statistical applications and me Vol.22 No.1
Validity of the stationary bootstrap of Politis and Romano (1994) is proved for U-statistics under strong mixing. Weak and strong consistencies are established for the stationary bootstrap of U-statistics. The theory is applied to a symmetry test which is a U-statistic regarding a kernel density estimator. The theory enables the bootstrap confidence intervals of the means of the U-statistics. A Monte-Carlo experiment for bootstrap confidence intervals confirms the asymptotic theory.
HWANG, Eunju,LEE, Yong Hyun,KIM, Kyung Jae,SON, Jung Je,CHOI, Bong Dae The Institute of Electronics, Information and Comm 2009 IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS - Vol.92 No.9
<P>The IEEE 802.16e standard specifies the sleep mode and the idle mode of a mobile station (MS) for power saving. In this paper, to reduce the energy consumption of the MS, we employ the sleep mode while the MS is on-session, and the idle mode while it is off-session. Under the assumption that the time duration from the end of a session to the arrival of a new downlink session request follows an exponential distribution of the mean 1/ν and that arrivals of messages during an on-session follow a Poisson process with rate λ, we analyze the awake mode period and the sleep mode period by using the busy period analysis of the <I>M</I>/<I>G</I>/1 queue, and then we derive the total mean length of an on-session which consists of a geometric number of awake mode periods and sleep mode periods. Since the sum of an on-session and an off-session constitutes a cycle, we can express the average power consumption in terms of the mean lengths of an awake mode period, a sleep mode period and an idle mode period. The average power consumption indicates how much the MS can save energy by employing the sleep mode and the idle mode. We also derive the Laplace Stieltjes transform (and the mean) of the queueing delay of messages to examine a tradeoff between the power consumption and the delay of messages. Analytical results, which are shown to be well-matched by simulations, address that our employment of the sleep mode and the idle mode provides a considerable reduction in the energy consumption of the MS.</P>
The Power-Saving Mechanism With Periodic Traffic Indications in the IEEE 802.16e/m
Eunju Hwang,Kyung Jae Kim,Jung Je Son,Bong Dae Choi IEEE 2010 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY Vol.59 No.1
<P>In IEEE Standards 802.16e (air interface standard for MWiMAX) and 802.16m (evolution of MWiMAX for IMT-Advanced), power saving is one of the important issues for battery-powered mobile stations (MSs) due to mobility. According to the IEEE 802.16e standard, when an MS switches from awake mode to sleep mode, the MS is required to send a sleep request (MOB-SLP-REQ) message and to receive a sleep response (MOB-SLP-RSP) message. In this paper, we propose a new sleep mode scheme called the <I>power-saving mechanism with periodic traffic indications</I>, where the MOB-SLP-REQ/RSP messages are omitted, and a traffic indication (TRF-IND) message is <I>periodically</I> sent at the beginning of every constant TRF-IND interval. The merits of the proposed scheme are simple implementation, reduction of energy consumption, and saving of the resource compared with the sleep mode in the IEEE 802.16e standard. The proposed scheme in this paper is well aligned with the design policy of sleep mode in discussion at IEEE 802.16m in the sense that it tries to minimize the state transition overhead between the awake and sleep modes, and hence, it can reduce the delay for state transition and enhance the power-saving efficiency. We investigate the performance of the proposed scheme in two ways: simulation and analytical methods. Using the performance evaluation, we find the optimal TRF-IND interval, which minimizes the average power consumption of the MS while satisfying the quality of service (QoS) on the mean delay. Numerical results show that the proposed scheme has 20%-50% reduction of the energy compared with the power-saving class (PSC) of type I, which is one of three operations for sleep mode in IEEE 802.16e.</P>
STATIONARY BOOTSTRAPPING FOR WEAKLY DEPENDENT RANDOM PROCESSES
Eunju HWANG,Dong Wan SHIN 한국산업응용수학회 2010 한국산업응용수학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.5 No.2
Stationary bootstrap technique is applied for kernel-type estimators of density function of ψ-weakly dependent processes as well as of nonlinear autoregressive (AR) model, which is in such a class of processes. We obtain results of asymptotic validity for the stationary bootstrap in the density and nonlinear AR estimations. Log return of daily US Dow Jones Index is analyzed by the proposed method.
Stationary bootstrapping for non‐parametric estimator of nonlinear autoregressive model
Hwang, Eunju,Shin, Dong Wan Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 Journal of time series analysis Vol.32 No.3
<P>We consider stationary bootstrap approximation of the non‐parametric kernel estimator in a general <I>k</I>th‐order nonlinear autoregressive model under the conditions ensuring that the nonlinear autoregressive process is a geometrically Harris ergodic stationary Markov process. We show that the stationary bootstrap procedure properly estimates the distribution of the non‐parametric kernel estimator. A simulation study is provided to illustrate the theory and to construct confidence intervals, which compares the proposed method favorably with some other bootstrap methods.</P>
Hwang, Eunju 한국중앙영어영문학회 2011 영어영문학연구 Vol.53 No.4
This article deals with the last four novels written by a British SF novelist J. G. Ballard: Cocaine Nights, Super-Cannes, Millennium People and Kingdom Come, or shortly, The Suburban Disaster Quartet. Unlike the common expectation, Ballard describes life of the people from the middle class who have become the new proletariat group and revolt against modern society which makes them tamed. Through the violence against modernity itself, Ballard’s characters (re)gain animal-like instinct, therefore, violence becomes new energy. The four novels commonly find the cause of violence in the middle class: boredom. This article finds causes of boredom in the middle class in three reasons: the life without stimuli, fun culture and the dearth of human relationships. Firstly, residences in luxurious gated communities are described in Ballard’s novels as “Eden without a snake.” Life in gated communities is convenient but at a cost; the characters have lost all the energy and instinct, thus they try to retrieve what they have lost in the modern technological life through violence. Secondly, modern culture is represented by “fun,” and as Bertrand Russell articulates human beings have great fear of boredom. In Ballard’s novels, violence plays a role of antidote of boredom. Thirdly, lack of human relationship due to high competition in capitalist societies causes boredom in the middle class. Ballard paradoxically shows affirmativeness of violence, making it inevitable in modernity. This article reads Ballard’s Suburban Disaster Quartet as a paradox, which shows affirmativeness of violence but at the same time it is an inevitable result of modernity. By closely looking at the problems in the middle class, this article highlights problems of modernity.