비유피-4 정(염산프로피베린 20㎎)에 대한 건일염산프로피베린 정의 생물학적동등성

조혜영,박은자,강현아,백승희,김세미,박찬호,오인준,문재동,이용복 한국약제학회 2004 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.34 No.5

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two propiverine hydrochloride tablets. BUP-4 (Jeil Pharm. Co., Ltd.) and Kuhnil Propiverine Hydrochloride (Kuhnil Pharm. Co., Ltd.), according to the guidelines of the Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). The propiverine release from the two propiverine hydrochloride formulations in vitro was tested using KP Ⅷ Apparatus Ⅱ method with a variety of dissolution media (pH 1.2, 4.0, 6.8 buffer solutions, water and blend of polysorbate 80 into pH 6.8). Twenty six healthy male subjects, 23.73 ± 2.79 years in age and 67.04 ± 7.93 kg in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized 2 x 2 cross-over study was employed. After one tablet containing 20 mg as propiverine hydrochloride was orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of propiverine in serum were determined using HPLC method with UV detector. The dis-solution profiles of two formulations were similar at all dissolution media. Besides, the pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC" C _(max) and T _(max) were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters using logarithmically transformed AUC, C_(max), and untransformed T_(max). The results showed that the differences between two formulations based on the BUP-4 were 0.17%, 7.98% and 4.55% for AUC,, C_(max), and respectively. There were no sequence effects between two formulations in these parameters. The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically trans-formed data were within the acceptance range of log(0.8) to log(1.25) (e.g., log(0.88)-log(l .12) and log(0.90)-log(l.15) for AUC, and _(max), respectively). Thus, the criteria of the KFDA bioequivalence guideline were satisfied, indicating Kuhnil Propiverine Hydrochloride tablet was bioequivalent to BUP-4 tablet.

스프렌딜 지속정(펠로디핀 5㎎)에 대한 스타핀 지속정의 생물학적동등성

조혜영,강현아,이석,백승희,박은자,최후균,문재동,이용복 한국약제학회 2003 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.33 No.4

Felodipine is a calcium antagonist that lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral resistance by means of a direct, selective action on smooth muscle in arterial resistance vessels. Furthermore, it have been approved for the effective in angina pectoris and cardiac failure. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two felodipine extended release (ER) tablets, Splendil (YuHan Corporation) and Stapin (Hana Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). THe felodipine release from the two felodipine formulations in vitro was tested using KP Ⅷ Apparatus Ⅱ method at pH 6.5 buffer solution. Twenty six healthy male subjects, 22.73±1.78 years in age and 66.66±7.28 ㎏ in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized 2×2 cross-over study was employed. After two tablets containing 5 ㎎ as felodipine were orally administered, blood sample was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of felodipine in serum were determined using column-switching HPLC method with UV detector. The dissolution profiles of two formulations were similar at pH 6.5 buffer solution. Besides, the pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUG_(t), C_(max) and T_(max) were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters using logarithmically transformed AUC_(t) and C_(max) and untransformed T_(max). The results showed that the differences between two formulations based on the Splendil were 2.53%, 1.32% and 18.32% for AUC_(t), C_(max) and T_(mzx), respectively. There were no sequence effects between two formulations in these parameters. The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically transformed data were within the acceptance range of log(0.8) to log(1.25) (e.g., log(0.86)∼log(1.20) and long(0.89)∼long(1.23) for AUC_(t) and C_(max), respectively). Thus, the criteria of the KFDA guidelines for the bioequivalence was satisfied, indicating Stapin ER tablet and Splendil ER tablet are bioequivalent.

리스페달 정(리스페리돈 2㎎)에 대한 리스펜 정의 생물학적 동등성

조혜영,박은자,강현아,백승희,이석,박찬호,문재동,이용복 한국약제학회 2004 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.34 No.2

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two risperidone tablets, Risperdal (Janssen Korea Co., Ltd) and Rispen (Myung In Pharm. Co., Ltd), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). The risperione release from the two risperidone formulations in vitro was tested using KP Ⅷ Apparatus Ⅱ method with various of dissolution media (pH 1.2, 4.0, 6.8 butter solution and water). Twenty four healthy male subjects, 23.33±2.10 years in age and 69.24±8.05 kg in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized 2×2 crossover study was employed. After one tablet containing 2 ㎎ as risperidone was orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentration of risperidone in serum were determined using HPLC method with UV detector. The dissolution profiles of two formulations were similar at all dissolution media. Besides, the pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC_(t), C_(max) were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters using logarithmically transformed AUC_(t), C_(max) and untransformed T_(max). The results showed that the differences between two formulations based on the Risperdal were 0.20, -1.29 and -11.09% for AUC_(t), C_(max) and T_(max), respectively. There were no sequence effects between two formulations in these parameters. The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically transformed data were within the acceptance range of log(0.8) to log(1.25) (e.g., log(0.90)∼log(1.03) and log(0.84)∼log(1.09) for AUC_(t) and C_(max), respectively). Thus, the criteria of the KFDA guideline for the bioequivalence were satisfied, indicating Rispen tablet and Risperdal tablet were bioequivalent.

아마릴 정(글리메피리드 2㎎)에 대한 글리메드 정의 생물학적 동등성

조혜영,박은자,강현아,백승희,이석,김세미,문재동,이용복 한국약제학회 2004 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.34 No.2

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two glimepiride tables, Amaryl^(?)(Handok/Aventis Pharm. Co., Ltd.) and Glimed (Kuhn Ⅱ Pharm. Co., Ltd.), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). The glimepiride release from the two glimepiride formulations in vitro was tested using KP Ⅷ Apparatus Ⅱ method with a variety of dissolution media (pH 1.2, 4.0, 6.8 buffer solution, water and blend of PSB 80 into each dissolution medium). Twenty six healthy male subjects, 22.65±2.19 years in age and 66.55±8.85 kg in body weight, were divided into two groups and randomized 2×2 cross-over study was employed. After one tablet containing 2 ㎎ as glimepiride was orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of glimepiride in serum were determined using HPLC method with UV detctor. The dissolution profiles of two formulations were similar at all dissolution media. Besides, the pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC_(t), C_(max) and untransformed T_(max). The results showed that the differences between two formulations based on the Amaryl were -3.70, -8.28 and 0.61% for AUC_(t), C_(max) and T_(max), respectively. There were no sequence effects between two formulations in these parameters. The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically transformed data were within the acceptance range of log(0.8) to log(1.25)(e.g., log(0.84)∼log(1.04) and log(0.82)∼log(1.03) for AUC_(t) and C_(max), respectively). Thus, the criteria of the KFDA guideline for the bioequivalence were satisfied, indicating Glimed tablet and Amaryl tablet were bioequivalent.

e-Learning 내 지식창출(Knowledge Creation)을 위한 가상적인 바(Cyber-Ba)에 대한 고찰

주영주,조은아 이화여자대학교 사범대학 교과교육연구소 2006 교과교육학연구 Vol.10 No.1

지식관리시스템은 최근 e-Learning의 도입을 통해 조직 내 지식경영과 학습체계를 결합시키는 효율적이면서 효과적인 방향을 모색하고 있다. 특히 e-Learning은 다양한 정보기술 도구를 바탕으로 사이버 공간에서의 학습의 효과를 극대화시키는 것이 목표이며, 이를 지식경영의 측면에서 본다면 e-Learning은 조직이 사이버 공간 내에서 지식을 창출하게 하는 도구이자 시스템이 된다는 뜻이다. 그러므로 과연 정보기술을 통한 학습도구로서의 e-Learning이 조직의 지식 창출이라는 새로운 요구에 대해 어느 정도 도움을 줄 수 있는지를 알아보는 것은 앞으로 e-Learning과 지식경영을 통합시키고자 하는 노력에 있어 필수 과제라 생각된다. 이를 위해 우선 조직에서의 지식창출의 과정과 지식창출의 장으로서의 바와 관련된 노나카의 이론을 살펴보고, e-Learning에 있어 지식창출과 학습의 관계를 규명하고자 하였다. 또한 지식창출의 사회화, 외재화, 종합화, 내재화의 4가지 사이클 별로 어떠한 정보기술이 현재 상태에서 e-Learning상에서의 지식창출에 있어 지원 가능한지에 대해서 관련된 문헌을 고찰하였다. 조직 내에서의 지식창출 및 공유를 위해서는 가치있는 지식을 창조하는 활동을 학습이 지원하며, e-Learning은 그러한 의미의 진정한 학습이 이루어짐으로써 지식이 창출되는 환경이 되어야 한다. e-Learning 내에서 활용되는 정보기술은 지식창출의 과정별로 근본적인 바, 상호적인 바, 가상적인 바, 학습의 바 등 각각 가상적인 바를 형성함으로써 e-Learning을 통한 지식창출을 지원하게 되는 것이다. 즉 e-Learning 내에서 형성되는 가상적인 바가 지식창출의 네 가지 사이클을 모두 지원할 수 있다는 관점에서 e-Learning과 지식창출의 연계성이 의미를 가진다 하겠다. By introducing e-Learning, knowledge management system is seeking efficient and effective methods to combine knowledge and learning in organizations. Based on various informational technology, e-Learning aims at maximizing effect of learning in cyber space. In terms of informational technology, e-Learning is a tool and a system that enables organizations to create knowledge in cyber space. Therefore, it is essential to integrate e-Learning and knowledge management that how much e-Learning, as a learning method through informational technology, can help organizational knowledge creation. For this purpose, first, the article examined Nonaka's theory, the process of knowledge creation in organization, which is related to Cyber-Ba as a place of knowledge creation. The article also examined some related treatises on which informational technology is currently able to assist knowledge creation on e-Learning by four of each cycle; socialization, externalization, combination and internalization. For knowledge creation and sharing in organization, the activities to creating valuable knowledge should be assisted by learning, and e-Learning should be a knowledge-creating environment by achieving and authentic learning. Informational technology used in e-Learning, by forming each Cyber-Ba such as Originating Ba, Interacting Ba, Cyber Ba and Exercising Ba in the process of knowledge creation, will assist knowledge creation in e-Learning, In other words, from a viewpoint that Cyber-Ba which is formed in e-Learning can assist all the four cycle of knowledge creation.

교사 학습공동체 내 지식창출 활동의 성격 및 촉진요인에 대한 사례 연구

주영주,조은아 이화여자대학교 사범대학 교과교육연구소 2006 교과교육학연구 Vol.10 No.1

지식기반사회를 맞아 지식과 학습의 관계에 대한 다양한 논의가 이루어지고 있는데, 그 중 사람들간의 협력적 관계나 실제 활동을 통해 생산되는 역동적 지식의 창출과 공유를 위해 현재 활발하게 시도되고 있는 학습방법 및 지식관리전략 중 하나가 학습공동체라 할 수 있다. 기업의 지식경영 영역에서 뿐만 아니라, 교육현장에서의 새로운 전문성과 경쟁력을 제고하는 방법으로서도 학습공동체를 통한 지식창출이 중요한 이슈가 되고 있다. 학습공동체에 대한 논의는 이미 교육현장에서부터 시작되어 왔으나, 그 실행에 있어 교육청의 행정적 관여로 인해 교사들의 자발적 참여가 확신되지 못했고, 교사들의 요구를 충족시키지 못했다는 문제점들이 있었다. 이에 본 연구는 문화관광부의 지원대상이 되며 문화예술분야의 교사들을 대상으로 구축된 학습공동체인 '교사자율연구모임'의 사례를 통해, 교사 학습공동체의 유형과 공동체 내에서 이루어지는 지식창출 활동의 성격을 분석하고, 교사의 지식창출 환경으로서의 학습공동체 촉진요인을 도출해 보고자 하였다. '교사자율연구모임'을 분석한 결과, 동 학습공동체는 동일 분야의 동료 교사들과 상호협력적 학습을 통해 지식을 공유함으로써 교사로서의 자신의 전문성을 개발하는 것이 주요 목적인 전문성을 위한 학습 공동체로 파악되었다. 또한 학습공동체들은 대부분 연구와 현장활동을 병행하고 있었다. 교사자율연구 모임 내에서 습득, 공유되는 지식과 경험은 주로 교육콘텐츠의 제작 및 창작 활동, 연구 및 이론 개발, 공동의 문제해결을 위한 학습으로서의 연수활동 등이었다. 교사자율연구모임을 활성화시키기 위해 공동체로서의 목표공유, 참여에 대한 자발성, 동료의식 등 사회적 요인 등이 주요 촉진 요인으로 도출되었다. 특히 공동체 의식, 동료의식 등 정의적 영역의 요인들이 교과연구를 통한 인지적 성과달성에 비해 실제 교사 학습공동체의 지식창출 및 공유활동을 촉진시키는 요인으로 도출되었다. Learning Community is the learning method and knowledge management strategy which is actively attempted of collaborative learning and creation and sharing of knowledge being produced in authentic context. Knowledge creation through Learning Community has become an important issue not only in the fi디d knowledge management, but also in the educational field. Many studies on Learning Community have already begun in the field of education. But, there has been some obstacles to voluntary participation of teachers due to administrative intervention of educational offices. Accordingly, this study tries to analyze the type of teachers' Learning Community and the characteristics of knowledge-creating activities occurring in Learning Community, and to discover promotive elements of Learning Community as teachers' knowledge-creating environment, by example of "Teachers' Voluntary Research Group", which is a Learning Community aimed at teachers in the field of arts and culture, supported by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism. After analyzing the "Teachers' Voluntary Research Group", I concluded; the group was considered as a Learning Community aimed at developing their competency as teachers, by sharing knowledge through collaborative learning with colleagues belonged to the same field. Also, most of communities conducted researched and practices at the same time. The main knowledge and experience being acquired and shared in the "Teachers' Voluntary Research Group" was production of educational contents, research and developing theory and collaborative learning for problem-solving. Major promotive elements of the "Teachers' Voluntary Research Group" were social elements such as joint enterprise of community, voluntary participation and sense of colleagues. Especially, the sense of community and the sense of colleagues were indicated as more effective elements to promote knowledge creation and sharing of teachers' learning community, rather than cognitive ones.

대황황련해독탕의 항고지혈증 작용

김영석,정은아,장종철,양형길,김남재,조기호,배형섭,이경섭,김동현 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 2001 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2001 No.-

Whangryunhaedok-Tang (WT) is formulated with Coptidis Rhizoma, Phellodendri Cortex, Scutellariae Radix and Gardeniae Fructus, and Daewhang-whangryunhaedok-Tang (DWT) is made by the combination of Rhei Rhizoma, a wellknown anticostipation drug in WT. Therefore, DWT has been evaluated for antihyperlipidemic effects on experimental hyperlipidemic rats and mice induced by corn oil and high cholesterol-diet. Oral administration of DWT significantly inhibited the increase of serum triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol levels, and the decrease of serum HDL-cholesterol levels in hyperlipidemic rats induced by corn oil. Also, oral administration of DWT significantly prevented the increase of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol, and liver total cholesterol and triglyceride in 1% cholesterol-diet fed mice. These results suggest that DWT is effective for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.

대황황련해독탕의 사염화탄소 유발 간장해 보호효과 미치 급성독성

김영석,정은아,장종철,양형길,김남재,조기호,배형섭,이경섭,김동현 WHO COLLABORATING CENTRE FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2002 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2002 No.-

ABSTRACT - This study was performed to evaluate hepatoprotective effect of daewhang-whangryunhaedok-Tang(DWT) on liver injured rats induced by CCI_4 and the acute oral toxicity of it in mice. The activities of serum transaminase(ALT/AST), alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and lactic dehydrogenase(LDH), the levels of serum total cholesterol(TC) and triglyceride(TG), change of liver enlargement, and inhibitory activities of lipid perotidation, catalase and glutathione-S-transfrease(GST) in liver microsome were determined in hepatotoxic rats induced by CCI_4. DWT was significantly reduced the serum ALT, AST, ALP, LDH. TC and TG lecels. And, the increase of lipid peroxidation, decrease of catalase and GST activities in the liver microsome of CCI_4-intoxicated rat were significantly improved by the treatment of DWT. Male and female mice were administered maximum dosages of 5.000 mg/kg b.w. of DWT. After single oral administration of DWT to mice, we observed them daily for 2 weeks.DWT did not induce any toxic signs in the mortalitie, clinical signs, body weight changes, and gross necropsy finfings of mice. Based in these results. It is concluded that DWT may have the hepatoprotective effect on CCI_4 induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Also. DWT may have no side effect and its LD_50 value may be over 5.000mg/kg b.w. in mice.

흰쥐 젖샘신경으로 투사하는 중추신경내 Oxytocin 신경로에 관한 연구

백상호,강기동,김은아,조경제,최완성,이봉희 대한해부학회 1997 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.30 No.6

Case Report : Vitiligo-Like Depigmentation Associated with Metastatic Melanoma of an Unknown Origin

Eun Ah Cho,Myung Ah Lee,Hoon Kang,Seung Dong Lee,Hyung Ok Kim,Young Min Park 대한피부과학회 2009 Annals of Dermatology Vol.21 No.2

Although malignant melanoma usually occurs after the diagnosis of vitiligo-like depigmentation, the latter is rarely followed by the former. We herein report on such a case in which recognition of the vitiligo-like depigmentation preceded diagnosing the metastatic melanoma by several months. A 56-year-old woman had first developed vitiligo-like depigmentation on the forehead, eyelids, neck and back 18 months previously and thereafter she detected a hard mass in the left axilla 2 months previously. Based on the histologic findings, the axillary mass was diagnosed as metastatic melanoma. To evaluate the primary tumor focus, thorough examinations that included PET-CT, bone scan and sigmoidoscopy were performed, but we couldn`t find any the original primary tumor. Our case suggests that the vitiligo-like depigmentation could be a sign that heralds metastatic melanoma. (Ann Dermatol 21(2) 178~181, 2009)