18세기 초 조선연행사(朝鮮燕行使)의 진상의(陳尙義) 해적집단 관련 정보 수집활동

정신남 ( Ding Chen-nan ) 연세대학교 국학연구원 2017 동방학지 Vol.178 No.-

陳尙義 해적집단은 “四口通商의 시대”가 시작된 이래 廣東에서 출발하여 중국 동부 연해 전체에 걸쳐 활동했으며, 특히 조선과 가까운 遼東과 山東연해에서 활동한 해적들이었다. 조선에서는 이 해적집단의 존재를 파악하기 전부터 이미 중국 동부 연해에 나타나는 해적에 대해 상당한 관심을 가지고 관련 정보를 모으고 있었다. 따라서 연행사의 정보수집 활동을 통해서 陳尙義 해적집단을 알게 된 것은 결코 우연이 아니었다. 그 이후로도 이 해적집단에 대해서 지속적인 관심을 가졌으며, 그들이 재차 소요를 일으켰다는 정보도 입수하였다. 조선연행사는 陳尙義 해적집단 관련 정보 수집활동에서 주로 현지인 탐문을 진행하거나 청조의 공문서를 구입하거나 필사하는 등 방법을 활용하였다. 그리하여 조선 측 사료, 특히 연행록에는 陳尙義 해적집단과 관련된 기사가 다수실리게 되었다. 조선연행사에 의해 수집된 題本, 塘報와 같은 일부 청조 공문서는 그 眞僞를 더 검토해야 하지만 현재 중국에도 남아 있지 않는 희귀한 자료로서 그 나름의 가치를 지니고 있다. 조선연행사들의 관련 정보 수집활동 사례를 분석하는 것은 중국에서 발생한 특정 사건에 대한 조선사절단의 정보수집활동의 전모를 밝힐 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 조선 측 사료에 실린 중국 기록의 가치를 역시 잘 보여줄 수 있다고 본다. Chen-Shangyi (陳尙義) pirates group rose from Guangdong Province in 168 4,the times of Four Port Trade System, and then expanded to the whole eastern coast with frequent activities covering Liaodong and Shandong, near Korea. The Joseon government had already got substantial information on pirates` rampancy on Chinese eastern coast before overhearing Chen-Shangyi pirates group through Joseon Emissaries` information collection. After that the government kept an eye on this pirate group and got the news of their rebellion again. Joseon Emissaries` obtained the information of Chen-Shangyi pirates group` activities mainly by inquiring local people as well as buying and copying Qing`s official documents, hence Korean historical documents, especially the Records of Trips to Beijing (燕行錄) include a lot of information on Chen-Shangyi pirates group. Although it is still need to recheck the facticity of Qing`s official documents such as Ti-Ben (題本) and Tang-Bao (塘報), these precious Korean documents that no longer exist in China have unique value. Through analyzing Joseon Emissaries` intelligence gathering of Chen-Shangyi pirates group, one can get a full view of Joseon Emissaries` process of intelligence gathering on China, and realize the value of the records relating to China in Korean historical documents.

Radiative decay of theψ(2S)into two pseudoscalar mesons

Bai, J. Z.,Ban, Y.,Bian, J. G.,Blum, I.,Chen, A. D.,Chen, G. P.,Chen, H. F.,Chen, H. S.,Chen, J.,Chen, J. C.,Chen, X. D.,Chen, Y.,Chen, Y. B.,Cheng, B. S.,Choi, J. B.,Cui, X. Z.,Ding, H. L.,Dong, L. Y American Physical Society 2003 Physical review. D, Particles and fields Vol.67 No.3

Research on Tourist Needs Based on Food Docent-Guided Tour - focused Guangzhou Xiguan

Ding-Ding Chen,Wan-Sok Jang,Young-Hwan Pan 한국융합학회 2020 한국융합학회논문지 Vol.11 No.12

최근 지역 문화 발전과 도시 다양성의 맥락에서 각각의 관광지들은 독특한 민속 문화를 발굴하여 관광객의 관심과 방문을 유도하고 있다. 지속 가능한 관광의 일환으로 미식 관광은 명승지 환경을 해치는 건설을 할 필요도 없 고, 지역 주민과 관광객에게 서비스를 제공하기 위한 시설 개선 만하면 되는 장점도 있다. 그러나 기존의 미식 관광은 관광객을 풍속 현장에만 두게 되어 주체 간에 다른 문화적 차이를 넘어 민속 문화의 핵심을 체험할 수 없었다. 본 논문 은 관찰 방법, 융복합 주제 연구 및 사례 연구를 통해 민속 문화를 이해하는데 있어서 푸드 도슨트 가이드 투어의 역할 을 연구하였다. 특히 도슨트 가이드 투어에서 미식 관광이 지속 가능 발전이라는 목표를 잘 달성할 수 있도록 가이드가 관광객들로 하여금 민속 문화의 핵심에 보다 효과적으로 동화되어 체험할 수 있도록 돕는 방법을 연구하였다. Under the background of regional cultural development and cities' diversity, various tourist destinations attract tourists' attention and visit by mining their unique folk culture. As a part of sustainable tourism, gastronomy tourism can provide residents and tourists services only by improving the residents' facilities without damaging the environment. However, the existing gastronomy tourism only makes tourists in the folk scene, and tourists can not overstep the cultural differences caused by intersubjectivity to experience the core of folk culture. This paper attempts to use the observation method, cross-subject study, and case study to study the role of food docent-guided tours in understanding folk culture. Moreover, the docent-guided tour studies how the docent can help tourists go deep into the core of folk culture better to realize the sustainable development goal of gastronomy tourism.

Security and Democracy in East Asia : Explaining China`s Changing Discourse on Human Rights, 1978-2004

( Ding Ding Chen ) 경남대학교 극동문제연구소 2005 ASIAN PERSPECTIVE Vol.29 No.3

The Expression of Genes Related to Egg Production in the Liver of Taiwan Country Chickens

Ding, S.T.,Ko, Y.H.,Ou, B.R.,Wang, P.H.,Chen, C.L.,Huang, M.C.,Lee, Y.P.,Lin, E.C.,Chen, C.F.,Lin, H.W.,Cheng, Winston Teng Kuei Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2008 Animal Bioscience Vol.21 No.1

The purpose of this study was to detect expression of genes related to egg production in Taiwan Country chickens by suppression subtractive hybridization. Liver samples of mRNA extraction from two Taiwan Country chicken strains (L2 and B), originated from the same population but with very distinct egg production rates after long-term selection for egg and meat production respectively. Two-way subtraction was performed. The hepatic cDNA from the low egg production chickens (B) was subtracted from the hepatic cDNA from the high egg production strain (L2). The reversed subtraction (L2 from B) was also performed. The resulting differentially expressed gene fragments were cloned and sequenced. We sequenced 288 clones from the forward subtraction and 96 clones from the reverse subtraction. These genes were subjected to further screening to confirm the differential expression between the two genetic breeds of chickens. The apolipoprotein B (apoB) was expressed to a greater extent in the liver of the L2 than in the B line chickens. The 5-aminoimidazole- 4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase (PURH) was expressed to a greater extent in the liver of the B than in the L2 strain chickens. We demonstrated that both apoB and PURH were more highly expressed in the liver than that in other tissues (muscle, ovary, and oviduct) in laying Taiwan Country chickens. Taken together, these data suggest that after the selection for egg production, expression of apoB and PURH genes were also changed. Whether the changed expression of these genes is directly related to egg production is not known, but these two genes may be useful markers for egg laying performance in Taiwan Country chickens.

Excessive mechanical strain accelerates intervertebral disc degeneration by disrupting intrinsic circadian rhythm

Ding Sheng-Long,Zhang Tai-Wei,Zhang Qi-Chen,Ding Wang,Li Ze-Fang,Han Guan-Jie,Bai Jin-Song,Li Xi-Lei,Dong Jian,Wang Hui-Ren,Jiang Li-Bo 생화학분자생물학회 2021 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.53 No.-

Night shift workers with disordered rhythmic mechanical loading are more prone to intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Our results showed that circadian rhythm (CR) was dampened in degenerated and aged NP cells. Long-term environmental CR disruption promoted IDD in rats. Excessive mechanical strain disrupted the CR and inhibited the expression of core clock proteins. The inhibitory effect of mechanical loading on the expression of extracellular matrix genes could be reversed by BMAL1 overexpression in NP cells. The Rho/ROCK pathway was demonstrated to mediate the effect of mechanical stimulation on CR. Prolonged mechanical loading for 12 months affected intrinsic CR genes and induced IDD in a model of upright posture in a normal environment. Unexpectedly, mechanical loading further accelerated the IDD in an Light-Dark (LD) cycle-disrupted environment. These results indicated that intrinsic CR disruption might be a mechanism involved in overloading-induced IDD and a potential drug target for night shift workers.

Acupuncture-related therapies for protracted opioid abstinence syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Ding Lu,Cui Li,Zhang Peiming,Chen Chen,Zhan Jie,Zeng Jinchun,Lu Liming 한국한의학연구원 2023 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.12 No.3

Background: An increasing amount of clinical evidence of acupuncture's effect on protracted opioid abstinence syndrome (POAS) has emerged in recent years. The aim of this study was to evaluating the evidence of efficacy of acupuncture for POAS. clinical and scientific research work. Methods: Four English-language databases (PubMed, Medline, Embase, Cochrane Libraries) and three Chinese-language databases (CNKI, WanFang and VIP Libraries) were searched, with coverage from database inception to March 31, 2022. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating the effects of acupuncture and acupuncture-related therapies for prophylaxis or treatment of POAS were included. Data were screened and extracted independently according to pre-set tabular formats. RCT quality was assessed using risk of bias tool in the Cochrane Collaboration. The primary outcome was opiate withdrawal scale. The secondary outcomes are depression, anxiety for assessing protracted symptoms. The scores on the above scales are proportional to the severity of the symptoms. Results: Twenty-eight trials met the inclusion criteria and provided data for the meta-analysis. A total of only 3 studies (11%) were judged to be low-risk overall due to various biases in them. Acupuncture-related therapy showed statistical differences in improving protracted withdrawal symptom scores compared with sham acupuncture (5 studies, Standard mean difference (SMD), -1.85, 95% CI [-3.21, -0.50], P = 0.007), western medicine(7 studies, SMD, -0.72, 95% CI [-1.22, -0.21], P = 0.005)and no treatment(3 studies, SMD,-2.26, 95% CI [-3.82, -0.69], P = 0.005)with high heterogeneity. Conclusions: Acupuncture maybe safe and effective in relieving POAS individuals’ protracted withdrawal symptoms. However, the results of our review should be interpreted with caution because of the high risk of bias of the included trials.

Expression Characteristics of Proteins of the Insulin-like Growth Factor Axis in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients with Preexisting Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Ding, Jing,Tang, Jie,Chen, Xin,Men, Hai-Tao,Luo, Wu-Xia,Du, Yang,Ge, Jun,Li, Cong,Chen, Ye,Cheng, Ke,Qiu, Meng,Liu, Ji-Yan Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.10

Background: Preexisting type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affects the prognosis and mortality of patients with some cancers. Insulin like growth factor (IGF) and insulin receptor (IR) signaling axes play important roles in both cancer and diabetes development. We aimed to explore the expression characteristics of proteins in IGF/IR axis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases with preexisting T2DM. Methods: Fifty-five NSCLC patients with preexisting T2DM were retrospectively included and matched by 55 NSCLC without diabetes at a 1:1 ratio. The expression of proteins in IGF/IR axis was detected by immunohistochemical staining. Clinicopathological data were collected to analyze their relationship with the protein expression. Results: Both IGF 1 receptor (IGF-1R) and insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS-2) showed higher expression in the NSCLC with T2DM group, compared with those without T2DM. The high expression of IGF-1R and IRS-2 were found to be negatively associated with lymph node metastases and T staging in the T2DM group, respectively, and IRS-2 expression was also found more in the subgroup whose T2DM duration was more than 4 years. No difference was detected in the expression of IRS-1, IGF-1, IGF-2, IGFBP3, IR and mTOR between groups with or without T2DM. Conclusion: Our study found higher expression of IGF-1R and IRS-2 proteins in NSCLC patients with preexisting T2DM, and that there was an association with early stage NSCLC, which suggested that IGF signaling may play an important early event in development of NSCLC associated with diabetes.

Generalized Numerical Differentiation Method for Stability Calculation of Periodic Delayed Differential Equation: Application for Variable Pitch Cutter in Milling

Ding Chen,XiaoJian Zhang,Han Ding 한국정밀공학회 2020 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.21 No.11

This paper proposes a generalized numerical differentiation method for stability prediction of the non-autonomous delayed differential equations (DDEs) with periodic coefficients and discrete delays. Firstly, the periodic DDE is described in statespace form and the period of a system is equally discretized. Then, the discrete first derivatives versus time are approximated by a linear combination of the state function values at multiple neighboring sampling grid points based on the finite-difference formulas. Such that, the original DDE is approximated as a series of algebraic equations and the Floquet transition matrix can be constructed on one period. At last, the system stability is determined according to the Floquet theory by checking the eigenvalues. The delayed damped Mathieu equation is regarded as a typical case to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the presented method. The stability diagrams and rate of convergence are computed in comparison with those via the benchmark algorithm (the semi-discretization method). As an application, the presented method is used to predict the stability of milling with variable pitch cutter, and the computational result agrees well with the experimentally verified example

Therapeutic Benefits of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in a Rat Model of Hemoglobin-Induced Hypertensive Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Ding, Rui,Lin, Chunnan,Wei, ShanShan,Zhang, Naichong,Tang, Liangang,Lin, Yumao,Chen, Zhijun,Xie, Teng,Chen, XiaoWei,Feng, Yu,Wu, LiHua Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2017 Molecules and cells Vol.40 No.2

Previous studies have shown that bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) transplantation significantly improves the recovery of neurological function in a rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage. Potential repair mechanisms involve anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis and angiogenesis. However, few studies have focused on the effects of MSCs on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and subsequent peroxynitrite formation after hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH). In this study, MSCs were transplanted intracerebrally into rats 6 hours after HICH. The modified neurological severity score and the modified limb placing test were used to measure behavioral outcomes. Blood-brain barrier disruption and neuronal loss were measured by zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and neuronal nucleus (NeuN) expression, respectively. Concomitant edema formation was evaluated by H&E staining and brain water content. The effect of MSCs treatment on neuroinflammation was analyzed by immunohistochemical analysis or polymerase chain reaction of CD68, Iba1, iNOS expression and subsequent peroxynitrite formation, and by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of pro-inflammatory factors (IL-$1{\beta}$ and TNF-${\alpha}$). The MSCs-treated HICH group showed better performance on behavioral scores and lower brain water content compared to controls. Moreover, the MSC injection increased NeuN and ZO-1 expression measured by immunochemistry/immunofluorescence. Furthermore, MSCs reduced not only levels of CD68, Iba1 and pro-inflammatory factors, but it also inhibited iNOS expression and peroxynitrite formation in perihematomal regions. The results suggest that intracerebral administration of MSCs accelerates neurological function recovery in HICH rats. This may result from the ability of MSCs to suppress inflammation, at least in part, by inhibiting iNOS expression and subsequent peroxynitrite formation.