中原圈 寺刹風景에 관한 考察

鄭玧洙,秋甲喆,李成基 建國大學校 附設 自然科學硏究所 1992 建國自然科學硏究誌 Vol.3 No.-

Four temples were picked from the central northern area in Chung-Won Zone. And the considered result of the temple scape factors can be conclusion as follows: 1. Most of relics worthy of the buddhist culture and tradition were burnt away and lost out,. There were much difficulties in collection and comparision of bibliographical materials. So urgent is the task of recovering and restoring the relics into their original forms and conditions. 2. When Chung-Won Zone in taken in a view of the military strategic position throughout the ancient triple dynasties rather than a center of cultural creation in the context of historical research, we cannot say that Chung-Won Zone was affected uniquely by a particular one nation among the three dynasties. 3. Virgin forest is completly damaged in general throughout current forest aspect of the each temple and yet forests are reviving and on the way of transition to the original. 4. It is assumed that the plants from the primitive around the temple in common were hard wood forest of mixed forest. To quickly bring up the progress of stable forest growth and development for the purpose of ecological advantage, useful hard wood forest should be well tended in a positive approach as the hard wood forest is potentially surfacing out. 5. Country species which is afforested to be proper to form the temple scape should be planted at many small sized spots so barren lands around. It is recommendable that Quercus aliena BL. stands espceally at the Kakyoon Temple be taken care of concentrating it should be leaded to the balanced selection forest type. 6. Caution should be directed to prevent damage of Theodiplosis Japonensis U. et I. from pinus densiflora S. et Z. stands at Kooin Temple and Konglim Temple and also from pinus densiflora for. multicaulis U. at Kayoon Temple. 7. Forest outside the boundary of the temple should be established as a special protective zone and worning boards should be displayed to the public so that people recognize the forest scapes are the most precious resources and dense forest should be developed to be a model forest in Korea. 8. We should be able to find a place of sight pleasue, rest and recreation through further successful development of natural scape elements surrounding the temples. It is ideal that man can expect to enjoy our mental recuperation in the nature from of the forest.

당뇨병 환자에서 혈장 Thrombin-Antithrombin Ⅲ 및 Plasmin-α_2-Plasmin Inhibitor 복합체의 임상적 의의

김경욱,김은숙,정상수,윤수지,박우일,이준희,남수연,안철우,문병수,김경래,차봉수,송영득,임승길,이현철,허갑범 대한당뇨병학회 2002 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.25 No.5

연구배경:당뇨병 환자에서 혈액응고 및 섬유소용해 체계의 이상경향이 있어 그 결과로 여러 혈관합병증의 발생위험이 높다는 사실은 널리 알려져 있다. 그 기전은 아직 확실히 밝혀지지 않았으나, 고혈당으로 인한 혈장 단백질들의 비효소성 당화작용이나 산화성 스트레스로 인한 유리 라티칼 작용으로 응고항진이나 섬유소용해 활성의 저하를 유발하는 것으로 생각되고 있다. 최근 응고 및 용해인자와 그 억제자의 복합체들의 증가가 이 상태를 비교적 예민하게 반영한다고 알려져 있다. 방법:본 연구에서는 당뇨병 환자 101명과 정상 대조군 20명에서 혈장내 thrombin­antithrombin complex(TAT)와 plasmin­α₂­plasmin inhibitor complex(PIC)를 측정하여 비교하고, 당뇨병 환자에서 미세혈관 합병증과 대혈관합병증의 유무에 따른 차이와, 이미 혈관 질환의 위험인자로 알려져 있는 인자들간의 상관성을 알아보고자 하였다. 결과:1. 환자의 분포를 살펴보면 혈관합병증이 있는 군은 85명, 혈관합병증이 없는 군은 16명이었고, 평균연령은 각각 57.9±14.1세, 49.9±16.6세로 혈관 합병증이 있는 군에서 더 나이가 많았고, 체질량지수는 23.2±3.4㎏/㎡, 24.1±3.4㎏/㎡로 두 군간 유의한 차이는 없었다. 또 두 군간의 혈압 및 HbA1c, 공복혈당 및 인슐린과 C­peptide, 총 콜레스테롤, 중성지방, HDL­콜레스테롤, Lp⒜는 유의한 차이가 없었고, 미세혈관합병증이 있는 군에서 당뇨병의 유병기간이 길었다. 2. TAT 및 PIC의 농도는 정상 대조군에서는 2.8±1.2 ng/mL, 240.4±69.7 ng/mL이었고, 당뇨병 환자군에서는 9.5±22.6 ng/mL, 472.2±258.7 ng/mL이었다. TAT와 PIC 모두 당뇨병 환자군에서 정상 대조군에 비해 유의하게 증가되어 있었고(p<0.001), TAT/PIC ratio는 두 군간 차이가 없었다. 3. 당뇨병 환자의 혈관합병증에 따른 TAT 및 PIC, fibrinogen 농도는 합병증이 없는 군은 각각 4.1±2.4ng/mL, 362.2±272.0ng/mL, 322.7±102.4mg/mL으로 PIC와 fibrinogen의 증가를 보였으나, 연령을 보정한 후에는 통계학적 유의성은 없었다. 또 대혈관 합병증군에서는 각각 6.0±4.9 ng/mL, 507.4±321.6 ng/mL, 427.1±194.7 mg/dL이었으며 미세·대혈관 합병증군에서는 10.4±6.4 ng/mL, 484.8±269.7 ng/mL, 388.4±132.4 mg/dL으로 TAT의 증가를 보였으나 역시 연령을 보정한 후에는 통계학적 유의성은 없었다. 4. 미세혈관합병증군에서 HbA1c(>8%)가 높은 군의 PIC 농도가 유의하게 높았고(p=0.049), 대혈관합병증군에서 HbA1c(>8%)가 높은 군의 총 콜레스테롤 농도가 유의하게 높았다(p=0.042). 5. 총 당뇨병 환자군에서 PIC는 fibrinogen과 HbA1c와 양의 상관관계를, BMI와 음의 상관관계를 보였으며(r=0.47, 0.31,-0.25), 혈관 합병증이 없는 당뇨병 환자군에서만 TAT는 HbA1c와 양의 상관관계를 보였다(r=0.67). 결론:이상의 결과에서 혈장 TAT 및 PIC 농도는 당뇨병 환자에서 정상 대조군에 비해 의미있게 증가되어 있었고, 당뇨병 환자군에서는 연령의 증가와 유병기간이 혈액응고항진 및 용해의 장애에 큰 역할을 함을 알 수 있었으며, 총 당뇨병 환자군에 PIC와 HbA1c와 양의 상관관계를, BMI와 음의 상관관계를 보였으며 혈관 합병증이 없는 당뇨병 환자군에서만 TAT는 HbA1c와 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 따라서 당뇨병 환자에서 혈액응고 및 용해의 장애가 동반되어 있다고 볼 수 있으며, 혈장 TAT 및 PIC는 혈관합병증으로의 진행을 예측하는 지표로서 유용하리라 생각된다. 또 혈당조절정도와 상관성이 있으므로 혈당조절후에 추적검사를 시행하여 합병증의 예방이 가능한지 추후 연구가 필요하리라 생각된다. Background : Abnormality of coagulation and fibrinolystic system is known as a predisposing factor of vascular complication in diabetes. Although the pathogenesis is not well known, non-enzymatic glycation reaction and the increase in production of free radicals due to an increased oxidative stress may be linked to the hypercoagulibility and hypofibrinolytic activity. As indices of abnormality in coagulation and firinolysis in peripheral blood, plasma thrombin-antithrombin Ⅲ complex (TAT) and plasmin-α_2-plasmin inhibitor complex (PIC) were measured. The purpose of this study was to clarify whether hypercoagulability exists in diabetic patients with or without vascular complication. Methods : In our study, we measured plasma thrombin-antithrombin Ⅲ compelx (TAT) and plasmin-α_2-plasmin inhibit or complex (PIC) in 101 diabetic subjects and 20 controls. Comparing TAT and PIC levels in diabetic microvascular complication group, diabetic macrovascular complication group and controls, we examined correlation between risk factors associated with diabetic vascular complication. Results : 1. The group with diabetic vascular complication was older than group without complication. There was no significant difference in BMI, blood pressure, HbA_ic, blood sugar level, insulin, C-peptide, serum creatinine, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, Lp (a) between two groups. The group with diabetic microvascular complication had longer duration of diabetes. 2. Concentration of TAT and PIC were 2.8±1.2 ng/ mL, 240.4±69.7 ng/ mL in controls and 9.5±22.6 ng/ mL, 472.2±258.7 ng/ mL in diabetic patients, respectively. TAT and PIC were significantly higher in diabetic patients than in control (p<0.001). But TAT/PIC ratio was no significant difference between two groups. 3. In diabetic patients, concentration of TAT and PIC and fibrinogen were respectively 4.1±2.4 ng/ mL, 362.2±272.0 ng/ mL, 322.7±102.4 mg/ dL in group without vascular complication and 5.3±4.1 ng/ mL, 529.5±258.7 ng/ mL, 374.9±106.2 mg/ dL in group with microvascular complication, which group had increase in PIC and Fibrinogen but no significance after correction of age. Concentration of TAT and PIC and Fibrinogen were 60.±4.9 ng/ mL, 507.4±321.6 ng/ mL, 427.1±194.7 mg/ dL in macrovascular complication, and 10.4±6.7 mg/ mL, 484.8±269.7 ng/ mL, 388.4±132.4 mg/ dL in combined vascular complication which group showed increase of TAT but also had no significant increase after correction of age. 4. In diabetic microvascular complication patients, group of high HbA_1c (>8%) (p=0.049) had significant high PIC concentration. In diabetic macrovascular complication patients, group of high HbA_1c (>8%) (p=0.042) had significant high total cholesterol concentration. 5. In all diabetic patients, PIC was positively correlated with fibrinogen and HbA_1c and negatively correlated BMI (r=0.47, 0.31, -0.25). Only in daibetic patients without angiopathy, TAT was positively correlated with HbA_1c (r=0.67). Conclusion : In this study, plasma TAT and PIC concentration significantly increased in diabetic patients compared with controls, and PIC was increased in group with microvascular complication, TAT were increased in group with combined micro macrovascular complication. However, there was no significance relationship existed when correctinf for age. PIC was correlated with HbA_1c. TAT was correlated with HbA_1c only in the group without angiopathy. Abnormality of coagulation and fibrinolysis were combined in diabetes, plasma TAT and PIC can be used as an index of vascular complication. Also we found the correlation with the degree of the blood glucose control. Therefore we need follow up study for the possibility of prevention of vascular complication after controlling the blood glucose to age-matched patients (J Kor Diaabetes Asso 25:354~363, 2001).

人蔘이 自然發生高血壓쥐에 있어서 血壓 및 血漿 Renin 活性度에 미치는 影響에 關한 實驗的 硏究

孫宜錫,朴陞哲,許鳳烈,李禎均,林憲吉,咸駿洙,梁忠模,韓哲洙,朴贊雄,金海中 대한의학협회 1979 대한의학협회지 Vol.22 No.9

돌와(Gynostemma pentaphyllum)엑기스가 白鼠의 肝臟障碍에 미치는 影響

丁明鉉,文永熙,姜壽鐵,李炳柱 조선대학교 약학연구소 1989 藥學硏究誌 Vol.11 No.1

This study was attempted to invesigate the effects of extract and crude saponins of Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino on the activities of S-GPT, S-GOT, Al.P, LDH and the levels of total-bilirubin, total-cholesterol in the serum of nomal rats and experimentally CCl_4-intoxicated rats, and on the effect of body, liver and spleen weight in CCl_4-intoxicated rats. The results were shown as follows; The extract (GE.) and crude saponins were showed a significantly decrease in the activities of S-GPT, S-GOT, Al.P and the level of total bilirubin in the serum elevated by CCl_4, but crude saponins was more decreased than GE. The activities of LDH were significantly decreased of the 4th and the 6th days after administration of GE., and crude saponins was decreased in proportion to the number of days. The level of total cholesterol were significantly decreased in all sample groups. when compared with control group, but remarkably decreased in GE. 500㎎/㎏ and crude saponins 100㎎/㎏. The liver and spleen weight were decreased on the administration of GE. and crude saponins. According to the above results, it is thought that GE. and crude saponins exhibited significant antihepatotoxic activity in the CCl_4-intoxicated rats.

만성정신질환자의 계속입원치료 심사에 관한 연구

정인원,박환규,정연복,김수일,원구연,김교형,신철진 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.6

연구목적: 정신보건법에 근거하여 매월 정기적으로 개최된 충청북도 정신보건심판위원회를 통하여 정신질환자의 계속입원치료 청구 심사의 현황과 문제점을 파악하고 개선사항을 지적함으로써 정신질환자의 효율적인 관리를 유도하고 인권남용의 여지를 차단하고자 한다. 방 법: 충청북도 내의 정신의료기관에서 계속입원치료 심사청구서 및 진단서, 보호의무자의 동의서 등을 제출한 정신질환자들을 대상으로 계속입원치료 청구에 대한 승인 여부를 매달 정기적으로 심사하였다. 1년 6개월여동안 심사한 자료를 정리하여 진단 및 보호의무자, 의료보장별 특성과 불승인률 등을 분석하였다. 결 과: 충청북도 심판위원회에 계속입원치료를 청구한 정신질환자는 21차례의 위원회 동안 총 7,981명이었으며, 진단별로 정신분열병은 80.9%, 알콜중독은 8.1%, 치매 등 기타는 11.0%이었다. 또한 보호의무자는 시장 또는 군수가 29.8%, 부모가 26.9%, 형제가 26.1%, 부부가 6.3%, 자녀가 5.9%, 기타가 5.0%로 나타났으며, 의료보장은 의료보호가 73.0%, 의료보험이 27.0%이었다. 이들 중에서 196명이 계속입원치료를 불승인받아서 전체 불승인률은 2.46%이었으며 정신분열병과 알콜중독 환자의 진단별 불승인률은 각각 0.73%와 17.6%이었다. 결 론: 정신과 병상의 대부분이 장기적으로 입원하는 만성 정신질환자들로 구성되어 있어서 이들에 대한 별도의 대책이 시급하다. 또한 계속입원치료가 불승인되어 퇴원한 환자들의 재활 및 사회적응을 위한 사회적 지지 체계가 부족하며, 특히 환자의 인권보호를 위한 구체적인 기준 등이 필요하다. Objectives: This study was to develop effective managements and to avoid the abuse of human rights in mentally-ill patients. The Mental Health Judgement Board of Chungchongbuk-do province has been held monthly since August, 1997 according to the Mental Health Act. In this study, the procedures and the problems of judging continuing hospitalization of chronic mentally-ill patients were reviewed. Methods: The mentally-ill patients who submitted the request for continuing hospitalization with the certificate of charged doctor and the agreement of caregiver were reviewed by the Mental Health Judgement Board of Chungchongbuk-do province. The analysis of the diagnoses, caregivers, medical care systems, and rejection rate for the patients were done. Results: Total mumber of mentally-ill patients who requested for continuing hospitalization were 7,981 from twenty-one monthly meetings. The diagnostic distributions were 80.9% for schizophrenic patients, 8.1% for alcoholics and 11.0% for others including dementia. As for the caretakers, the rate of majors was 29.8%, parents 26.9%, sibling 26.1%, spouse 6.3%, offspring 5.9%, and others 5.0%. And 73.0% of the patients were on Medicaid and 27.0% were insured. The patients who got the rejection for continuing hospitalization were 196 at the rate of 2.46%. And the rejection rates of schIzophrenic and alcoholic patients were 0.73% and 17.6%, respectively. Conclusions: New policies for decreasing longterm hospitalization of chronic mentally-ill patients are required. And the social support systems for psychiatric rehabilitation and readjustment are presently insufficient for the already discharged mentally-ill. Moreover, the practical guidelines for human rights of patients remains to be suggested.

男兒選好思想과 女性의 役割

鄭喆洙 경북대학교 사회과학연구소 1985 社會科學硏究 Vol.1 No.1

The focus of this study is to analyze the origins, the realities and the causes of boy preference in Korea and to examine the results of boy preference and the women's role in eradicating the prejudice. The origin of boy preference in Korea roots in the middle period of Yi Dynasty. Prior to this time, women had considerable power in family life. But since the beginning of Yi Dynasty, economic and social-cultural factors reinforced boy preference. This continued trend lead to the problems of violating equal human right, lacking in the balanced development of society, and the population explosion in Korea. Recently this trend has gradually weakened but the complete eradication of boy preference is an urgent problem for the balanced development of Korean society and for accomplishing equality of human rights regardless of sex. In this context, women's role is vital as an agent of early socialization of children and of eradicating boy preference in this society.

시루봉地域一帶의 森林植生에 關한 硏究 : 天然林 및 人工林의 林分構造를 中心으로 Focused on Forest Stand Structure of Natural Artifical Forests

정윤수,신수철 동국대학교 생명자원과학대학 연습림 1997 연습림논문집 Vol.- No.5

To investigate the structure of the forest vegetation of Mt. Sirubong area in Chungbuk district, fifteen plots of natural forest and five plots of artificial forest were set up. As the result of classification and ordination analysis the study area was divided into six groups, which were Quercus mongolica community, Q. serrata community, Pinus densiflora community, Larix leptolepis community, P, rigida community and P. koraiensis community. Species diversity indices range of each of the communities was 0.8686∼1.2403, Quercus mongolica community showed the highest value and P. rigida community showed the lowest value among the communities. The similarity indices range were 17.14∼81.29%, between Quercus serrata community and Pinus densiflora community showed the highest value while on the other between Quercus serrata community and Larix leptolepis community showed the lowest value among the communities. The comparision of site index between Mt. Sirubong area with nationwide, Pinus koraiensis was the highest site index and P. rigida was above the average and Larix leptolepis was the average. Pinus densiflora showed below the average compared with nationwide was caused by the decline species of successional trends in the middle temperated forest zone. According to analysis of annual ring growth of major tree species by tree ring chronology, growth­decrease was occured in common in the year of 1974∼75, 1983∼85, 1987∼88, 1991 and 1995, this was highly concerned with the amount of precipitation during the period of from march to November.

韓國農村의 近代化와 小作農에 관한 硏究 : 嶺南 地方을 中心으로

鄭喆洙,金種震,尹槿燮 慶北大學校 東洋文化硏究所 1978 東洋文化硏究 Vol.5 No.-

1. Duration of the Project: fron June 1977 to July 1978 2. Objectives of the Project: 1) An empirical survey on the real state and practices of the tenancy in rural community. 2) An analysis of the mobility of tenants and the relationships which exist between tenants and landlords. 3) Determining the orientation of the tenants' pattern of thought. 4) Examination of socio-economic factors related to the retardation of agricultural modernization under farm tenancy. 3. Methodology: Fourty rural villages, of these three types-villages near a city, in a plain and in a mountainous remote areas-have been selected for this research in Kyungsangbuk-do and Kyungsangnam-do areas. A tota1 of 3166 households were doing farming as their main occupations. Out of these 3166 farm households, there were 878 small tenant farm households (27.7%) which iuclude pure tenants, tenant farmers with their own farms, own farmers with tenant farms, ancestor worship farm tenants and others. Two thirds of these 878 tenant farmers (585 household heads) were selected for this research. However, a total of 514 tenants (responding rate:88%) out of 585 tenants were possible for interview. These 514 tenant farmers were subjects of analysis for this research. The findings are summarized in the following: (1) To see the ratio of tenant farm households to the total farm in suburban willages which are located near a city (48.5%); the next remote villages located in remote mountainous areas (23.1%) and plain villages located in a plain (20.6%). The reason for these differential ratio of tenant farmers in different types of villages may be explained in terms of rich urban residents' capability to buy farmlands near their living cities and then to rent those farms to the vi11age tenant farmers. (2) Around 90% of 514 respondents are males and they are mainly in their 40s and 50s(65%). 82% of them had less than elementary school education. There are 6.5 persons per household on the average. This number of average household members exceeds average number of Korean household members by 1.4 persons (1975). (3) 68% of all respondents farm less than one jongbo of arable land per house hold. Extremely poor farmers who farm less than 5 danbo are 22% of all respondents. Among these figures, pure tenant farmers are almost half of these extremely poor farmers(47%). As a whole, the size of tenant farmlands per household is: less than one jongbo(93%), less than five danbo(97%). The ratio of tenant farm area to the total average arable land per household is 57%. (4) Annual average income per household is: less than 700,000 won (55%), more than 1,000,000 won(24%). 87% of those pure tenant farmers, on the average, record an annual average income of less than 700,000 won. Compared with an annual average income of 1,430,000 won of Korean rural residents per household(1977), A majority of tenant farmers are earning less than half of the Korean farm household annual income in general. (5) 88% of all respondent farmers live in their own houses. However, only 65% of pure tenant farmers live in their own houses. Cultural conveniences include radio and TV (16% respectively), newspaper subscription (16%), and use of toothpasts(2.5%). (6) 65% of respondents have lived in their present villages since before August 15th(1945) Korean Liberation Day (i.e. for more than 30 years they have lived in the villages); These farmers born in their village comprise 31% while immigrants from other places are 69%. Out of these 69% of tenant farmers who moved in the present villages, a majority of them(90%) are from rural areas of their province of origin. (7) Social mobility of tenant farmers: 68% of respondents were farmers as thier previous occupations, and about 18% of respondents were front non-agricultural backgrounds (mannual laborers, agricultural laborers, salers, and tne non-employed). Around 23% of respondents who were landlords before the Land Reform showed downward social mobility by becoming tenant farmers after the Land Reform. About 21% of respondents showed reverse social mobility trend, i.e. upward social mobility from farm laborers or farm servants. Those tenant farmers whose fathers were own farmers or landlords were about 40% of all respondents while those who showed intergenerational upward mobility from employed laborer status to tenant farming covers only six per cent of all respondents. (8) Practice of tenancy has a long history in Korea, and the three different types of tenancy in general practice are: 1) fix ground rent (Jongdo-bob) which tenant farmer pays a certain amount of rent to the landlord regardless of good of bad harvest, 2) after-harvest rent (Tajak-bob) in which a certain amount of tenant rate is predetermined in advance, however, the actual amount of crops may vary depending upon the amount of crops well or illharvested, 3) before-harvest rent (Doji-bob) in which tenant rent is decided upon just before the harvest mainly by the estimates of the crops by tenant farmers and landlords. In this research we find that 49% of respondents are in after-harvest rent practice 42% in fix ground rent practice and 6% in before-harvest rent practice. Eighty-two percent of tenant farmers pay their rents by way of rice crops and only 13% of them pay the rent in cash. In the case of the after-harvest rent practice, 88% of the tenant farmers divide the harvest crops in half with the landlords. A total of 79 tenant farmers (15%) out of 514 tenant farmers pay some part of between-rice crops as their tenant rents in addition to the heavy main rents. In varying degrees, the tenant farmers pay land taxes(52%), and water tax or seed expenses and fertilizer cost (85%). Almost 47% of tenant farmers bear half of the lenses of carrying the rent crop to the landlord's house. 32% of tenants carry the rent crop to the landlord's house with tenant's expenses. (9) Tenant period tends not to be definite in terms of contracts (68%). About 89% of tenants rent the farms from the landlords by oral contracts. Around 87% of the tenants pay their rent after the harvest is completed. (10) Half of the tenant farmers have no kinship relations with their landlords. Around one third of the tenant farmers rent farms from close kinsmen including parent-child relations. Around 68% of landlords live in the villages, while 29% of landlords live in the cities. The landlords control the tenant frmers directly without brokers between them. (11) On the questions of their attitudes toward farming occupation, around 60% of tenant farmers expressed dissatisfaction of their farming occupation. About 40% of them satisfied themselves with their occupation, and equally about 40% of them cited farming or agriculature as their desired occupation. Asked what occupation they want their children to work on, they cited govern ment offices, teaching, sales. Agriculture or farming found the lowest scale of the desire. Judging from these phenomena, the tenant farmers do not like farming inside their heart. Therefore, those tenant farmers who really like working on the farm are not many. (12) Around over one third of tenant farmers think there are some differences in the harvest amount between their own lands and their related lands. The main reason for this pattern of thought seems to be in their attachment to their lands. Around 38% of those respondents answered in the positive when asked whether they could produce more harvest if their tenanted lands were their own lands. The majority of tenant farmers responded favorably to the Land Reform. In the above we reviewed the real state of tenancy in Korea. Although around 30 years have passed since the Land Reform in 1949, we have unfortunately found the actual existence of landlord-tenant relations which are forbidden by law. The existence of tenancy impedes the modernization of rural Korean community. Those tenant farmers who have only less than 24,506 acre of lands to cultivate are 70% of all respondents. These tenant farmers who pay 50% of their harvest as their rent to the landlords are around 90% of all the farmers interviewed. In addition, may of those tenants should bear the expenses of land taxes, water tax, seed purchase, fertilizer, other rents and the burden of carrying the crop rent to the landlords. Thus the majority of their annual average income are lower that half of that of Korean rural community in general. That is, their annual average income is only meager 700,000 won, forming lower income strata. However, these tenant families have 1.4 persons more members per family compared with the number of persons per family of the rural Korean community average in general. Thus, their subsistance faces further difficulty. These tenants, economically in difficult conditions, are also insulated from the cultural benefits of modernization. Their educational level shows that 80% of them had only less than 6 years of formal education. The fact that 16% of them posess radios and only 2.5% of them use toothpastes for brushing the teeth demonstrates their cultural deprivation. On the other hand, concerning the landlord tenant relationships, the oral contact dominate between the two parties, and no period of tenancy is decided in the beginning. Therefore we can safely see the practice of pre-modern patterns of practices. We think that the tenants still maintain the pre-modernization patterns of thought which can be seen in an answer by tenants to question on, what amount of rent would be desirable; around 58% of tenants said the proper amount of rent would be more than 40% of crops harvested. In short, for the rapid realization of Korean modernization and democratization, it is necessary to destroy the landlord-tenant relations according to the principle of "land to the tiller." In case of its difficulty to carry it out soon, at least we should see to it that the high rate of rent should be reduced to the level which may ease heavy burden of tenant farmers. These, measures should be taken steps soon so that the tenant farmers may enhance their level of life as well as enjoy the cultural benefits. These measures will help change some pattern of thought of tenant farmers.

완두 F_1세대의 조합능력 검정

정원복,오주성,황필성,황영현,신두철,한원영,김수경 동아대학교 교육대학원 2002 동아교육논총 Vol.28 No.-

완두의 이면교잡에 의한 F_1세대에 대한 조합능력을 검정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 9개 형질에 대한 GCA, SCA, RCA효과를 검정한 바 조합능력은 전 형질에서 GCA, SCA, RCA가 모두 유의하였고, 분지수·경직경·엽장·주당협수·협당립수·주당립수·100립중·주당립중은 GCA가 SCA보다 크고, 품종간 GCA효과는 고성종1호가 경직경과 100립중에서, 고성종2호가 경장·분지수·엽장에서, 김해종이 주당협수·주당립수·100립중·주당입중에서, 진해종이 협다립수에서 각각 정(+)으로 높았다. SCA효과에서 경장은 1×2(고성종1호×고성종2호)조합과 1×3(고성종1호×김해종)조합이, 분지수는 4×5(고성종3호×진해종)조합이, 경직경과 엽장은 1×3(고성종1호×김해종)조합이, 주당협수는 1×2(고성종1호×고성종2호)조합과 4×5(고성종3호×진해종)조합이, 협당립수는 1×2(고성종1호×고성종2호)조합·1×4(고성종1호×고성종3호)조합·2×3(고성종2호×김해종)조합이, 주당립수는 1×2(고성종1호×고성종2호)조합과 4×5(고성종3호×진해종)조합이, 100립중은 3×4(김해종×고성종3호)조합이, 주당립중은 1×2(고성종1호×고성종2호)조합·3×4(김해종×고성종3호)조합·4×5(고성종3호×진해종)조합이 각각 정으로 높았다. RCA효과에서 경장·엽장·주당협수·주당립중은 1×2(고성종1호×고성종2호)조합이, 주당협수·주당립수·100립중·주당립중은 2×4(고성종2호×고성종3호)조합이 각각 정으로 높았다. Five pea varieties in F₁ generation of the possible crosses among them were used to estimate the combining ability for nine characters, i. e., stem length, number of branches per plant, stem diameter, leaf length, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, number of seeds per plant, 100-seed weight and seed weight per plant. Data for F₁ hybrid and parents were subjected to the analysis method proposed by Griffing. The results obtained were summarized as follows. Mean squares of general combining ability(GCA), specific combining ability(SCA) and reciprocal combining ability(RCA) were significant for all characters observed. Mean squares of GCA were higher than those of SCA and RCA in number of branches per plant, stem diameter, leaf length, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, number of seeds per plant, 100-seed weight and seed weight and seed weight per plant. Variety Gimbae showed the highest GCA effect for number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant and seed weight per plant and positively high effects of GCA were observed from variety Gosung#1 in stem diameter, 100-seed weight, and from variety Gosung#2 stem length, number of branches per plant, leaf length, from Jinhae in number of seeds per pod In SCA effects, hybrids in Gosung#1×Gosung#2 were wxhibited positively high for stem length, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, number of seeds per plant and seed weight per plant, and high SCA effects for number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant and seed weight per plant were found positively in Gosung#3×jinhae. In RCA effects, hybrids in Gosung#2×Gosung#3 were exhibited positively high for number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, 100-seed weight and seed weight per plant and high RCA effects for stem length, leaf length, number of pods per plant, and seed weight per plant were found positively in Gosung#1×Gosung#2.

Dementia 환자에 있어서의 Pyrisuccideanol dimaleate(MOREX^(�))의 임상적 효과

정재우,황성희,김경환,박수철,김진수 최신의학사 1991 最新醫學 Vol.34 No.1