종합검진센터 내원자에서 관상동맥질환 위험요인들의 분포

이충원,이종영,박종원,윤능기,김영조,이현우,이무식,서석권 啓明大學校 醫科大學 1993 계명의대학술지 Vol.12 No.3

1991년3월부터 8월사이에 대구시에 소재한 1개의 대학병원의 종합검진센타에 내원해서 종합검진을 받은 남자 422명(69.9%)과 여자 182명(30.1%)을 대상으로 하여 심헐관계질환의 위험요인들의 전체적인 분포를 보았다. 평균 연령은 남자가 43.3(표준편차, 10.3), 여자가 44.4(표준편차, 10.8)였다. 남자에서 연령에 따라 0.05 수준에서 통계적인 유의성을 보인 위험인자는 혈청 총콜레스테롤(TC). 트리글리세라이드(TC), 고밀도 지단백콜레스테롤(HDL), 저밀도 지단백콜레스테롤(LDL), 수축기혈압, 비체중, A형행동양상이었으며 생활습관으로서는 음주, 흡연, 규칙적인 운동, 우유와 커피섭취, 수면 등이었다. 여자에서는 TC, TG, LDL, 수축기와 확장기혈압, 비체중 그리고 커피섭취와 수면 등이었다. 남자에서 총콜레스테롤의 평균은 181.7mg/dl(표준편차, 32.2), 여자는 182.5mg/이(표준편차, 42.2)였다. 대부분의 위험인자들은 구미의 수준에 미치지 못했으나 남자에서 흡연율이 전체적으로 61.8%로 높으 수준이었으며 특히, 20~29세가 72.9%, 30~39세가 75.2%로서 다른 연령군에 비해 상대적으로 높았다. 여자에서는 전체적으로 6.0%에 지나지 않았다. 확장기혈압 90mmHg 이상을 고혈압자로 정의했을 때의 유병률이 여자 전체대상자에서 24.7%로 높았으며 50-59세는 표본수가 적어서 문제가 되었으나 53.1%였다. 어떤 인구집단내에서 총콜레스테롤의 평균이 200mg/dl 미만이면 고혈압과 흡연의 인구집단의 수준에 관계없이 관상동맥질환(coronary heart disease)의 발생은 드문 것으로 보고가 되고 있으므로 당분간 관상동맥질환 발생률의 급속한 절대적인 증가는 힘드리라 사료된다. 그러나 이러한 결과는 본 연구의 대상자들이 대표성을 지니지 못하며 건강검진센터에 자발적으로 내원한 사람들이므로 해석에 주의를 요한다. Authors examined the distributions of the risk factors for the coronary heart disease in the 422 male (69.9%) and 182 female (30.1%) visitors to the health examination center of a university hospital located in Taegu March to August 1991. Mean age of males was 43.3(standard deviation, SD 10.3) and that of females was 44.4(SD 10.8). Total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL), systolic blood pressure, Quetelet index, and Type A Behavior Pattern, and some of life habit variables(alcohol intake, smoking, regular exercise, milk and coffee intake and sleeping) were statistically significant in age groups of the males(P<0.05). In the females, TC, TG and LDL, systolic and diastolic pressure, Quetelet index, coffee intake and sleeping were statistically significant in age groups (P<0.05). Mean of total cholesterol was 181.7㎎/dl(SD,32.2) in males and that of females was 182.5㎎/dl(SD,42.2). Most of the risk factors levels were lower than the Euro-Americans', while smokers were high with 61.8%, especially 72.9% in 20-29 age group and 75.2% in 30-39 age group in males. In females, smokers were just 6.0%. Hypertensives defined by more than 90mmHg diastolic pressure were 24.7% in females, particularly 53.1% in 50-59 age group, but size of the strata was rather small(N=49). In the light of the report that coronary heart disease is uncommon irrespective of population levels of smoking and hypertension, where average total blood cholesterol level in a population is low(<200mg/dl), it is not likely that the absolute increase of the number of the coronary heart disease will increase markedly in the near future. But cautions should be exercised in interpreting the results of this study due to the lack of representativeness and volunteerism. .

K 대학병원 서어비스에 대한 소비자 만족도

이태섭,박종원,이무식,윤능기,이충원,서석권 啓明大學校 醫科大學 1993 계명의대학술지 Vol.12 No.3

Authors administered a questionnaire to 300 clients visited to the K University Hospital during August in 1992 to investigate the degree and related factors of consumer's satisfaction with the hospital services. Clients consisted of 82 in-patients and 158 out-patients, 52.4 percent of them was male. Four dimensions of satisfaction were assessed which were medical management, administration, environment and attitude. In-patients reported as dissatisfied with the waiting time during receipt, investigative medical procedures and pharmacy (64.7%), lack of conveniency facilities for patients and their guardians(48.8%) and provision of conveniency facilities in the ward(42.4%), unsanitary state of out- and in-hospital(41.5%). Out-patients reported dissatisfaction with the course of medical management and the time needed(70.3%), the waiting time during receipt, investigative medical procedures and pharmacy(68.3%), lack of conveniency facilities for patients and guardians(42.4%). But both in-patients and out-patients were satisfied with medical equipments, doctor's diagnosis reliability and medical effects, technician's attitude more than 50%. Canonical correlation analysis was done to find related sociodemographic factors to the four dimensions of satisfaction. Of the four canonical functions, the first was only statistically significant in in-patients. Its eigen value was 0.56 and its canonical correlation coefficient was 0.60. Satisfaction with environment and medical management was selected as important concept in dependent variables. Standardized canonical function of environment and medical management were 0.76 and 0.35 respectively. It was related with woman with high educational attainment and increasing number of hospital visits. In out-patients, the first, second and third function were statistically significant and their eigen values were 0.18, 0.4, 0.08 respectively which were small compared to those of in-patients. Their canonical correlation coefficient were 0.40, 0.35, 0.28 respectively. Low degree of environment but high degree of medical management satisfaction was noted in the first function which was related with old age, woman and professional occupation. Low degree of satisfaction with administration(second function) was related with city resident, non-professional occupation and young age. High degree of medical management but low degree of administration satisfaction(third function) was related with surgical visitor, man and non-professional occupation. The direction of hospital managerial strategies could be planned and general characteristics of dissatisfactory clients might be suggested with these results.

가토의 동맥 경화에 대한 식물성 에스트로겐의 영향

이영호,이충식 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 2000 충남의대잡지 Vol.27 No.2

To evaluate of an action of phytoestrogen on atherogenesis, 20 young New Zealand White Rabbits were studied for 19 weeks. The animals were divided into five groups: (I) 4 normal diet, (II) 4 ovariectomized (OVX) plus normal diet, (III) 4 OVX plus 0.5% (w/w) cholesterol diet, (IV) 4 OVX plus 0.5% cholesterol diet plus 15% (w/w) Supro plus 675^ⓡ(soybean concentrate), and (V) 4 OVX plus Supro plus 675^ⓡgroup. The weight was decreased significantly in the group III and IV (p<0.05). Only the hyperlipidemic diet groups (III and IV). developed atherosclerotic lesion. The lesions are consists mainly of lipid-laden macrophages (foam cells). The lesion area/arterial area ratio showed some difference (III: 0.344, IV: 0.126), although it has no statistic significance (p=0.168). Small numbers of the animal may be a reason to high p value. The results suggest phytoestrogen has a possibility to prevent atherogenesis. Further study is recommended for the precise elucidation.

IgA 腎病症에 對한 病理學的 및 免疫病理學的 硏究

이종대,서광선,이충식 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1988 충남의대잡지 Vol.15 No.2

A clinicopathologic analysis for 88 cases of IgA nephropathy has been carried cut from a series of 333 renal biopsy specimens which were studied at Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, during a period of 54 months from October 1983 to March 1988. The results were as follows: 1. IgA nephropathy was 26.4% of renal biopsy specimens and 30.4% of primary glomerulonephritis. It was common in young adults and 77.3% of patients were between 16 years and 39 years. Male to female ratio was 1.1 : 1. 2. Modified classification of Meadow et al. for Henoch-Schoenlein nephritis was adopted for the histologic grading of glomerular lesions. The result was as follows; Grade I 5.7%, Ⅱ 46.6%, M 45.5%, Ⅳ 1.1%, an V 1.1%. The clinical class was possible in 70 cases; Class B38.6 %, C 61.4%. 97.1% of these. 70 cases were within the histologic Grade Ⅲ. 3. The results of immunofluorescent study were as follows; All cases showed granular mesangial deposits of IgA. Complement 3 was found, in same manner as IgA, in 83 0%, fibrinogen 23.9%, IgM 18.23%, and IgG 3.4%. 10.2% of these cases showed clumps of fluorescent deposits involving the mesangium and continuous loops. 4. Among the chief complaints on admission, gross hematuria was observed in 59.1%, microscopic hematruia 39.8%, and proteinuria 69.3%, including nephrotic range protein uria 6.8%. Along the histologic grading, the frequency of gross hematuria was different, as follows; Grade I 100.0%, Grade Ⅱ 65.9%, and Grade Ⅲ 47.5%. Statistically, these differences were significant(P<0.01) On serologic study, hepatitis B surface antigen was positive in 6.7% and level of serum IgA was significantly increased in 27.6%.

자궁출혈 환자의 자궁내막 생검의 병리학적 연구

이충식 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1992 충남의대잡지 Vol.19 No.2

The abnormal uterine bleeding is one of the most common symptoms of gynecologic patients. It can be divided by dysfuncitonal uterine bleeding(DUB) and organic uterine bleeding I investigated the clinico-pathologic relationships on the 618 endometrial specimens that submitted in the pathologic department of CNU College of Medicine due to abnormal uterine bleedingfrom Jan. 1991 to Feb. 1992. The age range was 17 to 72 years old. The causes of the abnormal uterine bleeding were DUB 413 cases(66.8%), conditions associated with pregnancy 107 cases(15.8%), chronic endometritis 36 cases(6.1%), endometrial polys 16 cases(2.6%), trophobastic disease 16 cases(2.6%), malignant tumor 2 cases(0.3%), and inadequate specimens 26 cases(4.2%), In DUB patients, anovulatory was 289 cases(69.8%), and ovulatory was 125 cases(30.2%). The endometrial hyperplasia and late secretory phase were the most common cause of the anovulatory and ovulatory uterine bleeding, respectively(66.1% ; 46.4%). In non-DUB patients, conditions associated with pregnancy were most common(52.2%).

가토 동맥경화에서의 matrix metalloproteinase-3

이충식,김수령,정수진,나선영 충남대학교 의과대학 의학연구소 2002 충남의대잡지 Vol.29 No.2

A relation between atherogenesis and expression of a type of gelatinase, matrix metalloproteinase3 (MMP-3) was investigated in male New Zealand White Rabbits. Lesion development and immunohistochemical reaction for anti-MMP-3 were measured in the aorta. After 4 months of provocation of atherosclerosis with a hyperlipidemic diet, the rabbits were divided into a hyperlipidemic diet group, a normal diet group, and a hyperlipidemic plus phytoestrogen diet group. Normal feeding continued for an additional 4 months. Atherosclerotic lesions developed mildly during the provocation period (0.269mm^(2)). Lesion development progressed due to continuous hyperlipidemic diet (10.06mm^(2)) but was partly inhibited by phytoestrogen (0.997mm^(2)). A normal diet resulted in slight decrease in the lesion size (0.228mm^(2)). The immunohistochemistry for anti-MMP-3 showed a diffuse reaction along the endothelium and foamy cells within the lesion. The normal diet group revealed slight decrease the intensity compared to the other groups. Atherosclerosis induced by a hyperlipidemic diet can be inhibited by phytoestrogen in rabbits. A hyperlipidemic diet may stimulate MMP-3 in the aorta of rabbits.

지역사회내 직업재활 참여중인 만성정신질환자의 욕구 조사

이종국,황태연,한은선,김명식,이충순 용인정신의학연구소 1998 용인정신의학보 Vol.5 No.1

정신분열병 입원 환자에서 단축형 증상관리 훈련의 효과:예비적 연구

최충식,채정호,우동원,최영희,함웅,이규항,장미화 대한신경정신의학회 2001 신경정신의학 Vol.40 No.1

연구목적: 정신분열병 환자에서의 재활치료는 개인의 극복 기술과 능력을 향상시키고 재발을 유발시킬 수 있는 스트레스의 부정적인 영향을 중화시킴으로써 질병의 만성화를 막고 사회기능을 호전시킬 수 있기에 점차 그 중요성이 대두되고 있다. 본 연구는 만성 정신분열병 입원 환자에서 재활치료의 하나인 단축형 증상관리 훈련이 정신장애에 대한 자기 인식에 미치는 효능을 알아보기 위하여 시행되었다. 방법: 정신분열병으로 진단받고 입원 중인 환자들에게 재발경고징후를 규명하는 것, 재발경고징후를 관리하는 것, 지속증상을 극복하는 것, 술과 불법 약물을 피하는 것 등으로 구성된 승인-UCLA 사회기술 및 독립적인 생활기술훈련 단위 중 증상관리단위를 기초로 한국실정에 맞게 축약한 증산관리 훈련을 주 1회, 60분씩, 4∼5주간 실시하였고 실시 전후에 전신장애 비인식 평가 척도(Scale to Assess Unawareness ofMental Disorder; 이하 SUMD)로 자신의 정신장애에 대한 인식을 평가하였으며 임상적 전반적 인상(Clinical Global Impression;이하 CGI)로 임상 상태를 조사하였고 각 인구학적 변인들을 조사하였다. 결과: 환자 30명이 훈련을 완수하였으며 이들의 평균 연령은 36.6±7.6세였고 남자가 14명(46.7%), 여자가16명(53.3%)이었다. SUMD 점수는 훈련 전 16.9±4.0점에서 훈련 후 12.9±4.2점으로 유의하게 줄어 정신장애에 대한 자기 인식 정도가 향상되었으며(p<0.01), CGI도 훈련전의 3.7±0.9점에서 훈련 후 2.8±0.8점으로 유의하게 호전되었다(p<0.01). 환자의 연령, 발병시 연령, 유병 기간, 입원 기간, 항정신병약물 사용 용량, 교육 정도, CGI로 평가한 임상 상태등은 정신장애의 자기 인식 정도와는 관련성이 없었다. 결론: 정신분열병 입원 환자에서 단축형 증상관리 훈련은 정신장애에 대한 자기 인식을 증가시킬 수 있는 방법이 될 가능성을 확인하였으며 이 방법이 정신분열병 재활치료의 중요한 요소가 될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine whether Symptom Management Module-Korean Brief Version(SMM-B) is effective as a psychosocial treatment of the inpat-ients with chronic schizophrenia. We also questioned which of demographic and clinical characteristics could be predictors of differential treatment response. Methods : The subjects were composed of 30 inpatients with chronic schizophrenia, who were trained with weekly session of SMM-B for 5 weeks. Before and after the training, the level of psychopathology, knowledge about schizophrenia were assessed as dependent variables by using Clinical Global Impression(CGI) and Scale to Assess Unawareness of Mental Disorder(SUMD). Results : Overall, patients showed improvement over the treatment period on psychopath-ology as well as knowledge about psychosis. Total scores of SUMD were changed from 16.9±4.0 before training to 12.9±4.2 after training(p<0.01) and scores of CGI were improved from 3.7±0.9 to 2.8±0.8<p<0.01). Howver age, gender, years of education, age of onset, duration of illness, duration of admission, numbers of psychiatric admission, and clinical status evaluated by CGI were not correlated with unawareness of psychosis. Conclusion : These results suggest that SMM-B could be a reliable method to improve self-aw-areness of psychosis in patients whth chronic schizophrenia and one of important elements in rehabilitation.

權現網漁業의 漁況과 資源의 適正利用에 關하여

張忠植,李明奎 國立統營水産專門大學 附設 水産科學硏究所 1993 수산과학연구소보고 Vol.4 No.-

멸치 總漁獲量의 60%정도를 차지하는 權現網漁業의 漁況과 資源의 適正利用을 위한 방안으로 멸치의 體長, 禁漁期와 자루그물의 코크기 사이의 關係, 最大特積的生産量을 올리기 위한 漁獲努力量의 決定등을 分析·檢討한 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1. 權現網漁業의 漁獲量은 7-15만톤으로 멸치 생산량의 60% 정도를 차지하며, 97, 98, 99해구에서 權現網漁獲量의 90%를 어획하고 있다. 2. 멸치 산란철의 평균수온분포는 10-20℃였고, 平均?分分布는 33.0-34.4‰였다. 3. 權現網漁業 主魚期의 平均水溫分布는 15-26℃였고, 平均?分分布는 32.0-34.0‰였다. 4. 흉어년과 풍어년의 산란철 주어기 동안의 수온분포는 뚜렷한 차이는 없었다. 5. 權現網으로 漁獲되는 멸치의 加入體長은 1-lOcm인데, 2-6cm가 主를 이루므로 禁魚期를 연장하던지 자루 그물의 코크기를 크게하는 것이 유리 하다. 6. 漁獲努力量과 漁獲量과의 關係式은 Yt=3.07·Xt-1.78×10^-5ㆍXt^2이 되므로, 漁獲努力量 Xt=86,236HP일 때 最大特적積生産量 Yt=132,373M/T를 올릴 수 있다. The authors studied to analyse between fishing conditions and the proper exploitage of resource in Anchovy boat seine. The results obtained can be summarized as follows; 1. The annual catch of Anchovy boat seine varied from 70,000M/T to 150,000M/T, the main fishing grounds of the Anchovy boat seine was in 97,98, 99 marine zone. 2. Distributions of yearly mean sea temperature and salinity in'the spawhing season of Anchovy were respectivly 10-20℃,33.0-33.4‰. during 1961-83. 3. Distributions of yearly mean sea temperature and salinity in the main fishing season of Anchovy boat seine were respectively 15-26℃, 32.0-34.0‰. during 1961-83. 4. The distribution tendency of sea temperature of the spawning season and main fishing season in the year of poor and rich catch was nearly same. 5. The relationship between fishing effort and catch may be expressed as; Yt=3.07Xt-1.78×10^-5Xt^2(r=-0.81) Xt = fishing effort Yt = catch

스포츠 관광 활성화 개선방안에 관한 연구

조충현,김홍식,박은석,강성찬,이동헌 圓光大學校 附設 體力科學硏究所 2003 體力科學硏究 Vol.26 No.1

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the marketing strategy based on the traditional wrestling, which affects the tour industry. The study used the simple random sampling method in the group of the Kwang-Ju district citizens. The group representatives were directly interviewed, and 277 interviewees replied with concern. The rest of the interviewees were not interested in the survey. The general characteristics of the interviewees -- gender, age, education, job, monthly salary. -- were used to analyze the items related to Sports Tourism in general. Sport Tourism in general Male interviewees had higher recognition over females in the interview. The rate of experience was low for both genders. According to their education, the satisfaction of sport tourism showed low rate. However, there were many answers where the interviewees, not depending on the age or gender, indicated that they will participate in the future. The policy recommended based upon the results of the study is as follows. There is a need for setting up a new strategy in order to increase participation of sports. Also, it is urgent to set up a sports theme center to raise professional sportsmen and to supply them to where they are needed.