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A case of apocrine hidrocystoma on back
( Bo Ram Kwon ),( Min Jung Choi ),( Ji Yeon Byun ),( You Won Choi ),( Hae Young Choi ) 대한피부과학회 2018 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.70 No.1
Apocrine hidrocystoma is benign cystic neoplasm of the secretory segment of apocrine sweat glands. Generally it occurs in middle-aged woman, as a solitary asymptomatic smooth skin colored papule. The usual location is on face, but occasionally on ear, scalp, chest and vulva. Clinically and histologically apocrine hidrocystoma resemble eccrine hidrocystoma. But unlike eccrine hidrocystoma, it does not relate to temperature. A 59-year-old male presented one asymptomatic bluish nodule on back. The papule tended to expand over time. Histologic examination revealed multilobular thin-walled cyst lined by columnar epithelium with decapitation secretion. Secretory epithelium was positive for gross cystic disease fluid protein 15 stain and contained periodic acid-schiff stain positive cytoplasmic granules. As a result, the patient was diagnosed with apocrine hidrocystoma. It is extremely rare for apocrine hidrocystoma developing on back. Herein, we report a case of apocrine hidrocystoma which developed in an unusual location.
( Bo Ram Kwon ),( Hae Young Choi ),( Ji Yeon Byun ),( Min Young Lee ),( You Won Choi ) 대한피부과학회 2019 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.71 No.1
Sequential lymphoma is characterized as two different lymphomas occurring in the same patient but at different times and anatomic sites. A 71-year-old Korean male with a medical history of MALT lymphoma was referred to a dermatologic consultation for a 1-month history of gradually increasing pinkish mass with prominent reticulated violaceous vessels on the left shoulder. Over the last 3 weeks, he has suffered from poor oral intake and weight loss of 8kg. Histological examination presented diffuse infiltration of atypical and pleomorphic cells in the dermis. The infiltrated large cells were composed of centroblasts and immunoblasts. The tumor cells expressed CD20, bcl-6, bcl-2, and showed weakly positive to MUM-1, while there was no reaction with CD10. A large number of suspected metastatic masses were observed in the liver, stomach and lung with enlargement of lymph nodes. As a result, the patient was diagnosed with cutaneous DLBCL in preceding MALT lymphoma. However, lymph node and other organ biopsies were not performed and the secondary DLBCL could not be totally excluded. He was unable to receive further treatment as he died the day after the skin biopsy. As far as the authors know, only 5 cases of sequential lymphoma with skin involvement have been reported in the Korean dermatologic literature to date. Herein, we report a rare case of sequential lymphoma which was diagnosed as cutaneous DLBCL in a MALT lymphoma.
A case of cutaneous sarcoidosis in tattoo scar
( Bo Ram Kwon ),( Min Jung Choi ),( Hae Young Choi ),( You Won Choi ),( Min Young Lee ),( Ji Yeon Byun ) 대한피부과학회 2019 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.71 No.1
Tattooing can be complicated from infection to granulomatous diseases. Especially sarcoidal granuloma may cause atypical mycobacterial infection, foreign body granuloma, and sarcoidosis. A 66-year-old Korean female presented with erythematous tender crusted patches on the eyebrows and eyelids tattooed several years ago, with multiple nodules on glabella and forehead. The skin lesions occurred 3 month ago and there was several palpable masses and lymph nodes on bilateral neck. Histologically multiple naked granulomas scattered in the whole dermis surrounded by prominent reticulin fibers, while black tattoo granules were located only in the upper dermis. A few gram-positive cocci were found in parakeratotic follicular plugging. There was no AFB positive or PAS positive microorganisms. In additional studies, staphylococci were cultured in tissue and ACE increased as 80[normal range is from 12 to 68]. As a result, the patient was diagnosed with sarcoidosis accompanied by staphylococcal folliculitis. She received oral steroid and steroid intralesional injection and showed improvement. Herein, we report a case of cutaneous sarcoidosis in tattoo scar and expect that this case can emphasize the possibility of recalling sarcoidosis in granulomatous reaction of tattoo scar when histologic feature showed a foreign body and naked granuloma together.
Analysis of positive rates for standard allergens of patch test in Korea with literature review
( Bo Ram Kwon ),( Min Young Lee ),( Ji Yeon Byun ),( You Won Choi ),( Hae Young Choi ) 대한피부과학회 2019 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.71 No.2
Background: Korean standard series (KSS) have no change for 20 years. Moreover, the Korea Food and Drug Administration has suspended import licensing of Cosmetic series(ChemotechiniqueⓇ) Objectives: To analyze trends in the positive rates of allergens in KSS and to compare the results to those using European baseline series(EBS) and North American Contact Dermatitis Group(NACDG) screening series through literature review. Methods: Positive rate of KSS allergens were analyzed from the contact dermatitis patients who visit the department of dermatology in Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital from 1998 to 2018. Literature reviews were conducted via comparison with the results of 2015-2016 NACDG, 2013-2014 ESSCA, and standard antigens in K-camp. Results: The positive rates for KSS allergens from patients in 2018 were compared to those from 1998 to 2007. The top 3 allergens in two study periods are all metal allergens. The positive rates for balsam of Peru and paraben mix increased from 7.1% to 17.46% and from 2.73% to 7.94%, respectively. As compared with the results of NACDG standard series and EBS, KSS lacked fragrance and cosmetic series of allergens, especially fragrance mix II, methyldibromo glutaronitrile, and methylisothiazolinone. Conclusion: Our results, especially increasing trends of balsam of Peru and paraben mix, would be proven by multicenter study. Also, in the sight of increase of fragrance and preservative allergens, KSS could need the addition of the related allergens.
The Conditions for Sanctions Success: A Comparison of the Iranian and North Korean Cases
( Bo Ram Kwon ) 한국국방연구원 2016 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.28 No.1
Why were economic sanctions able to produce successful political outcomes in Iran but not in North Korea during 2006.2015? Experts have argued that sanctions are not really effective in changing a state’s objectionable policies or behavior. However, such conclusions should not be drawn without a close examination of the complex environment under which sanctions are imposed. This paper attempts to identify the conditions of sanctions success by comparing the economic sanctions imposed on Iran and North Korea. It begins with a critical assessment of extant evaluations of sanctions imposed on North Korea to abandon its nuclear weapons program. Next, it examines Iran sanctions to identify the factors that facilitated the resumption of nuclear talks in 2013 and led to a political agreement in 2015. Subsequently, this is compared with North Korea sanctions to explain why sanctions were more effective in Iran. Finally, the paper extrapolates the conditions for sanctions success that incorporate the political and economic characteristics of the states involved as well as the sanctions policy per se. The paper concludes with a discussion of the lessons learned.