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Facial feminization procedures: the western approaches to the forehead
Han LT Hoang 대한미용의학회 2017 대한미용의학회지 Vol.1 No.2
Throughout the history, cross-dressing has been a practice that was well-accepted. However, gender dysphoria has only been recently approved by society. Facial feminization surgery (FFS) refers to a variety of surgical procedures aiming to transform the features of a male face to that of a female face. Several studies have illustrated that the upper third of the face plays the most importance role in determining gender. In this paper, the Western approaches to forehead feminization are discussed. Level of Evidence: Level V
HCV, Acute, LT : IL28B Gene Polymorphisms in Myanmar Patients with Chronic HCV Infection
( Mk Kyaw ),( Km Win ),( Nmkt Hlaing ),( Amm Kyaw ),( Ah Bwa ),( St Aung ),( Lt Lwin ),( Wt Lwin ),( S Hlaing ),( Sl Htet ),( Zm Aung ) 대한간학회 2013 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2013 No.1
Introduction: IL28B gene is a gene which is located on the human chromosome 19. Recently, it was discovered that favourable IL28B gene polymorphisms is associated with the viral clearance and achievement of sustained virological response (SVR) in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C infection. Therefore, studies of IL28B gene polymorphisms can help us to predict whether the treatment of chronic hepatitis C will attain SVR or not. The prediction of SVR by IL28B will be useful in genotype 1 patients because our real life experience showed that SVR rate in Myanmar patients with G 1 is around 80 % (Less than 50 % in Western countries with unfavourable gene polymorphisms in majority of the cases) and that may be due to favourable IL28B gene polymorphisms in Myanmar patients with chronic HCV infection. Up to now there is no data on the prevalence of different IL28B gene polymorphisms in Myanmar patients. Conduct of the Study Study Population: This study consists of 171 patients from Yangon GI and Liver Centre and Mandalay Specialists Centre. Blood samples were sent to National University Hospital, Singapore, and two types of IL28B gene polymorphisms were determined viz. rs12979860 (CC favourable genotype) and rs8099917 (TT favorable genotype). Results: Out of 171 patients who participated, the results showed that about 86% of all genotypes (i.e.149 patients) are of CC/TT type. Among G1 patients 36 out of 41 patients (89%) are favourable genotype CC/TT. Conclusion: As CC/TT is favorable genotype for SVR, it is concluded that Myanmar patients with G1 unlike Western patients with G1, will have a high SVR rate of more than 80% with the current standard of care (SOC). Therefore, Directly Acting Antivirals (DAA) may not be necessary for the naive Myanmar patients with G1 chronic HCV patients. Recommendation: It is recommended to continue the study of SVR rates among different IL28B genotypes in Myanmar patients with chronic HCV patients who are receiving antiviral therapy.
Granular Cell Tumor of the Thyroid Gland: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Woo Chan Park,Seung Hye Choi,Youn Soo Lee<,sup>,1<,.sup> 대한갑상선-내분비외과학회 2015 The Koreran journal of Endocrine Surgery Vol.15 No.1
Granular cell tumor (GCT) is a rare tumor of Schwann cell origin. While this tumor can occur anywhere in the body, GCT of the thyroid gland is very rare. This tumor is benign, despite showing grossly and histologically malignant features, and should be differentiated from oncocytic/Hurthle cell neoplasm and medullary carcinoma of thyroid. Immunohisto-chemistry can confirm the final diagnosis and differentiate from other tumors and cell types. We report on a GCT of thyroid in a 46-year-old woman with medical history of right breast cancer and review of literatures.
Hyun-Jung Park,Seung-Moo Han,Won Ju Yoon.<,FONT COLOR=RED>,Kyung-Soo Kim,Insop Shim 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2009 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.13 No.2
<i>Puerariae flos (PF)</i> is a traditional oriental medicinal plant and has clinically been prescribed for a long time. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of PF on repeated stress-induced alterations of learning and memory on a Morris water maze (MWM) test in ovariectomized (OVX) female rats. The changes in the reactivity of the cholinergic system were assessed by measuring the immunoreactive neurons of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in the hippocampus after behavioral testing. The female rats were randomly divided into four groups: the nonoperated and nonstressed group (normal), the sham-operated and stressed group (control), the ovariectomized and stressed group (OS), and the ovariectomized, stressed and PF treated group (OSF). Rats were exposed to immobilization stress (IMO) for 14 d (2 h/d), and PF (400 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered 30 min before IMO stress. Results showed that treatments with PF caused significant reversals of the stress-induced deficits in learning and memory on a spatial memory task, and also increased the ChAT immunoreactivities. In conclusion, administration of PF improved spatial learning and memory in OVX rats, and PF may be useful for the treatment of postmenopausal-related dementia.
Hepatic and splenic sonographic and sonoelastographic findings in pulmonary arterial hypertension
İlhan Hekimsoy,Burçin Kibar Öztürk,Hatice Soner Kemal,Meral Kayıkçıoğlu,Ömer Faruk Dadaş,Gülgün Kavukçu,Mehmet Nurullah Orman,Sanem Nalbantgil,Sadık Tamsel,Hakan Kültürsay,Süha Süreyya Özbek 대한초음파의학회 2021 ULTRASONOGRAPHY Vol.40 No.2
Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations of sonographic and sonoelastographic parameters with clinical cardiac parameters, as well as to assess their value in predicting survival in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Methods: Thirty-six patients with PAH and normal liver function were prospectively enrolled in this prospective study along with 26 healthy controls, all of whom underwent ultrasound and point shear wave elastography examinations. Additionally, the portal vein pulsatility index (PVPI), inferior vena cava collapsibility index, and clinical cardiac variables were obtained in PAH patients. The values of hepatic (LVs) and splenic shear wave velocity (SVs) were compared between PAH patients and controls. The relationships between all sonographic and clinical parameters in the PAH patients were analyzed. Furthermore, their prognostic value in predicting survival was investigated. Results: LVs values in PAH patients (median, 1.62 m/s) were significantly higher than in controls (median, 0.99 m/s), while no significant difference was observed in SVs values. Patients with higher grades of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) had significantly different values of PVPI (P=0.010) and sonoelastographic parameters (P<0.001 for LVs and P=0.004 for SVs) compared to those with less severe TR. Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion values were the only investigated parameter found to be associated with survival (hazard ratio, 0.814; 95% confidence interval, 0.694 to 0.954; P=0.011). Conclusion: Our results demonstrated a direct association between cardiac congestion (i.e., the severity of TR) and liver stiffness, which should be kept in mind during the assessment of fibrosis in patients with PAH.