New Text Steganography Technique Based on Part-of-Speech Tagging and Format-Preserving Encryption

Mohammed Abdul Majeed,Rossilawati Sulaiman,Zarina Shukur 한국인터넷정보학회 2024 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.18 No.1

The transmission of confidential data using cover media is called steganography. The three requirements of any effective steganography system are high embedding capacity, security, and imperceptibility. The text file's structure, which makes syntax and grammar more visually obvious than in other media, contributes to its poor imperceptibility. Text steganography is regarded as the most challenging carrier to hide secret data because of its insufficient redundant data compared to other digital objects. Unicode characters, especially non-printing or invisible, are employed for hiding data by mapping a specific amount of secret data bits in each character and inserting the character into cover text spaces. These characters are known with limited spaces to embed secret data. Current studies that used Unicode characters in text steganography focused on increasing the data hiding capacity with insufficient redundant data in a text file. A sequential embedding pattern is often selected and included in all available positions in the cover text. This embedding pattern negatively affects the text steganography system's imperceptibility and security. Thus, this study attempts to solve these limitations using the Part-of-speech (POS) tagging technique combined with the randomization concept in data hiding. Combining these two techniques allows inserting the Unicode characters in randomized patterns with specific positions in the cover text to increase data hiding capacity with minimum effects on imperceptibility and security. Format-preserving encryption (FPE) is also used to encrypt a secret message without changing its size before the embedding processes. By comparing the proposed technique to already existing ones, the results demonstrate that it fulfils the cover file's capacity, imperceptibility, and security requirements.

Generative Linguistic Steganography: A Comprehensive Review

Lingyun Xiang,Rong Wang,Zhongliang Yang,Yuling Liu 한국인터넷정보학회 2022 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.16 No.3

Text steganography is one of the most imminent and promising research interests in the information security field. With the unprecedented success of the neural network and natural language processing (NLP), the last years have seen a surge of research on generative linguistic steganography (GLS). This paper provides a thorough and comprehensive review to summarize the existing key contributions, and creates a novel taxonomy for GLS according to NLP techniques and steganographic encoding algorithm, then summarizes the characteristics of generative linguistic steganographic methods properly to analyze the relationship and difference between each type of them. Meanwhile, this paper also comprehensively introduces and analyzes several evaluation metrics to evaluate the performance of GLS from diverse perspective. Finally, this paper concludes the future research work, which is more conducive to the follow-up research and innovation of researchers.

텍스트 스테가노그래프의 개선된 접근과 연구

지선수(Seon-Su Ji) 한국산업정보학회 2014 한국산업정보학회논문지 Vol.19 No.5

인터넷의 디지털 세상에서 스테가노그래피는 의심스럽지 않은 커버 매체 안에 비밀 메시지를 숨겨서 비밀 통신의 존재를 은닉하기 위해 도입되었다. 제 3자는 비밀 메시지가 전달되는 사실을 인식하지 못한다. 텍스트 기반 스테가노그래피 기법은 다양하게 적용할 수 있다. 이 논문에서는 존재하는 각각의 텍스트 스테가노그래픽 기법의 장점과 단점을 분석하고, 효율적인 접근 방법을 제시한다. 외부적 공격으로부터 비밀 메시지를 안전하게 숨기기 위해 재배열 순서키에 의한 방법을 제안한다. In the digital world of the internet, steganography is introduced to hide the existence of the secret communication by concealing a secret message inside another unsuspicious cover medium. The third parties are unaware that a stego medium is being communicated. There exists a large variety of steganography methods based on texts. In this paper, analyzed the advantages and significant disadvantages of each existing text steganography method and how new approach could be proposed as a solution. The objective of this paper is to propose a method for hiding the secret messages in safer manner from external attacks by encryption rearrangement key.

유전 알고리즘 기반 한글 텍스트 스테가노그래피의 연구

지선수(Seon-Su Ji) 한국산업정보학회 2016 한국산업정보학회논문지 Vol.21 No.3

인터넷의 적대적인 환경에서 보안성을 향상시키기 위해 스테가노그래피는 커버 매체 내부에 비밀 메시지를 숨기는데 초점을 두고 있다. 즉 암호화의 보완이다. 이 논문에서 한글을 이용한 텍스트 스테가노그래피 기법을 제안한다. 보안 수준을 높이기 위해 비밀 메시지는 유전 알고리즘 연산자 교차를 통해 암호화한다. 커버 매체의 특성과 구조 변화가 없는 스테고 텍스트 형태를 만들기 위한 커버 텍스트로 메시지를 삽입한다. 커버 매체에 3.69% 삽입 용량을 유지하기 위해, 스테고 텍스트의 크기가 14%로 증가되는 것을 확인할 수 있다. In a hostile Internet environment, steganography has focused to hide a secret message inside the cover medium for increasing the security. That is the complement of the encryption. This paper presents a text steganography techniques using the Hangul text. To enhance the security level, secret messages have been encrypted first through the genetic algorithm operator crossover. And then embedded into an cover text to form the stego text without changing its noticeable properties and structures. To maintain the capacity in the cover media to 3.69%, the experiments show that the size of the stego text was increased up to 14%.

An Improved Coverless Text Steganography Algorithm Based on Pretreatment and POS

( Yuling Liu ),( Jiao Wu ),( Xianyi Chen ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2021 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.15 No.4

Steganography is a current hot research topic in the area of information security and privacy protection. However, most previous steganography methods are not effective against steganalysis and attacks because they are usually carried out by modifying covers. In this paper, we propose an improved coverless text steganography algorithm based on pretreatment and Part of Speech (POS), in which, Chinese character components are used as the locating marks, then the POS is used to hide the number of keywords, the retrieval of stego-texts is optimized by pretreatment finally. The experiment is verified that our algorithm performs well in terms of embedding capacity, the embedding success rate, and extracting accuracy, with appropriate lengths of locating marks and the large scale of the text database.

An Improved Coverless Text Steganography Algorithm Based on Pretreatment and POS

Liu, Yuling,Wu, Jiao,Chen, Xianyi Korean Society for Internet Information 2020 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.14 No.4

Steganography is a current hot research topic in the area of information security and privacy protection. However, most previous steganography methods are not effective against steganalysis and attacks because they are usually carried out by modifying covers. In this paper, we propose an improved coverless text steganography algorithm based on pretreatment and Part of Speech (POS), in which, Chinese character components are used as the locating marks, then the POS is used to hide the number of keywords, the retrieval of stego-texts is optimized by pretreatment finally. The experiment is verified that our algorithm performs well in terms of embedding capacity, the embedding success rate, and extracting accuracy, with appropriate lengths of locating marks and the large scale of the text database.

Steganography in HTML Based on Substitution of Script Codes

Fei Wang,Liusheng Huang,Haibo Miao,Zhili Chen,Wei Yang 보안공학연구지원센터 2013 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.7 No.4

A novel, reversible, Chinese text information hiding scheme based on lookalike traditional and simplified Chinese characters

( Bin Feng ),( Zhi-hui Wang ),( Duo Wang ),( Ching-yun Chang ),( Ming-chu Li ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2014 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.8 No.1

Compared to hiding information into digital image, hiding information into digital text file requires less storage space and smaller bandwidth for data transmission, and it has obvious universality and extensiveness. However, text files have low redundancy, so it is more difficult to hide information in text files. To overcome this difficulty, Wang et al. proposed a reversible information hiding scheme using left-right and up-down representations of Chinese characters, but, when the scheme is implemented, it does not provide good visual steganographic effectiveness, and the embedding and extracting processes are too complicated to be done with reasonable effort and cost. We observed that a lot of traditional and simplified Chinese characters look somewhat the same (also called lookalike), so we utilize this feature to propose a novel information hiding scheme for hiding secret data in lookalike Chinese characters. Comparing to Wang et al.`s scheme, the proposed scheme simplifies the embedding and extracting procedures significantly and improves the effectiveness of visual steganographic images. The experimental results demonstrated the advantages of our proposed scheme.

Triple-A 알고리즘과 한글자모를 기반한 안전한 스테가노그래피

지선수(Seon-Su Ji) 한국정보전자통신기술학회 2018 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지 Vol.11 No.5

스테가노그래피는 송신자와 신뢰하는 수신자를 제외하고, 어떤 사람도 비밀 메시지의 존재 자체를 알지 못하도록 숨겨진 메시지를 이용하는 기법이다. 이 논문에서는 24 비트 컬러 이미지를 커버 매체로 적용한다. 그리고 24 비트컬러 이미지에는 빨강, 녹색 및 파랑에 해당하는 세 가지 구성 요소가 있다. 이 논문에서는 Triple-A 알고리즘을 사용하여 LSB 비트의 수와 사용할 컬러 채널을 임의로 선택하여 비밀 (한글) 메시지를 숨기는 이미지 스테가노그래피 방법을 제안한다. 이 논문은 비밀 문자를 초성, 중성, 종성으로 나누고, 교차, 암호화 및 임의 삽입 위치를 적용하여 견고성과 기밀성을 강화한다. 제안된 방법의 실험결과는 삽입용량과 상관성이 우수하고, 허용 이미지 품질수준임을 보였다. 또한 이미지 품질을 고려할 때 LSB의 크기를 2이하로 하는 것이 효율적임을 확인하였다. Steganography is a technique that uses hidden messages to prevent anyone apart from knowing the existence of a secret message, except the sender and trusted recipients. This paper applies 24 bit color image as cover medium. And a 24-bit color image has three components corresponding to red, green and blue. This paper proposes an image steganography method that uses Triple-A algorithm to hide the secret (Hangul) message by arbitrarily selecting the number of LSB bits and the color channel to be used. This paper divides the secret character into the chosung, jungsung and jongsung, and applies crossover, encryption and arbitrary insertion positions to enhance robustness and confidentiality. Experimental results of the proposed method show that insertion capacity and correlation are excellent and acceptable image quality level. Also, considering the image quality, it was confirmed that the size of LSB should be less than 2.

유전적 알고리즘과 LSB를 이용한 스테가노그래피의 정보은닉 기법

지선수(Seon-Su Ji) 한국정보전자통신기술학회 2018 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지 Vol.11 No.3

인터넷 상에서 비밀 메시지의 통신 목표는 비인지성과 기밀성을 유지하는 것이다. 디지털 스테가노그래피는 메시지 존재 자체를 제3자가 감지하지 못하게 커버 매체에 비밀 메시지를 삽입하여 목적지에 전송하는 기법이다. 스테가노그래피는 암호화 기법과 혼합되어 기밀성과 무결성을 함께 보장하기 위한 효율적인 방법이다. 비밀(한글) 메시지를 삽입하기 위해 비밀 문자를 분리하고 암호표를 참고로 하여 이진화 코드로 변환하며, 커버 이미지를 두 영역으로 분할하며, 비밀 메시지와 두 번째 영역의 오른쪽 -LSB 정보를 암호화와 교차 과정을 진행한 후 첫 번째 영역의 -LSB에 은닉하여 스테고 이미지를 구성하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법의 실험결과는 PSNR 값이 52.62로 허용 이미지 품질 수준임을 보여준다. The goal of the secret message communication on the internet is to maintain invisibility and confidentiality. Digital steganography is a technique in which a secret message is inserted in a cover medium and transmitted to a destination so that a third party can not perceive the existence of the message itself. Steganography is an efficient method for ensuring confidentiality and integrity together with encryption techniques. In order to insert a secret (Hangul) message, I propose a image steganography method that the secret character is separated and converted into binary code with reference to the encryption table, the cover image is divided into two areas, and the secret message and the right l-LSB information of the second area are encrypted and crossed, concealing the k-LSB of the first region. The experimental results of the proposed method show that the PSNR value is 52.62 and the acceptable image quality level.