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( Jung Ki Suh ),( Hyung Sik Min ),( Mohammad Kamruzzaman ),( Sang Hak Lee ) 한국질량분석학회 2012 Mass spectrometry letters Vol.3 No.2
A method based on flow injection-isotope dilution-cold vapor-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (FI-IDCV- ICP/MS) has been applied to determine trace level of mercury in fly ash. 200Hg isotopic spike was added to 0.25 g of BCR176R fly ash and then decomposed by microwave digestion procedure with acid mixture A (8 mL HNO3 + 2 mL HCl + 2 mL HF) and acid mixture B (8 mL HNO3 + 2 mL HClO4 + 2 mL HF) for applying IDMS. Mercury cold vapor was generated by using reductant solution of 0.2% (w/w) NaBH4 and 0.05% (w/w) NaOH. The measurements of n(200Hg)/n(202Hg) isotope ratio was made using a quadrupole ICP/MS system. The accuracy in this method was verified by the analysis of certified reference material (CRM) of fly ash (BCR 176R). The indicative value of Hg in BCR 176R fly ash was 1.60 ± 0.23 mg/kg (k = 2). The determined values of Hg in BCR 176R fly ash by the method of FI-CV-ID-ICP/MS described in this paper were 1.60 ± 0.24 mg/kg (k = 3.18) and the analysis results were in well agreement with the indicative value within the range of uncertainty.
Suh, Jung-Ki,Min, Hyung-Sik,Kamruzzaman, Mohammad,Lee, Sang-Hak Korean Society for Mass Spectrometry 2012 Mass spectrometry letters Vol.3 No.2
A method based on flow injection-isotope dilution-cold vapor-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (FI-IDCV-ICP/MS) has been applied to determine trace level of mercury in fly ash. $^{200}Hg$ isotopic spike was added to 0.25 g of BCR176R fly ash and then decomposed by microwave digestion procedure with acid mixture A (8 mL $HNO_3$ + 2 mL HCl + 2 mL HF) and acid mixture B (8 mL $HNO_3$ + 2 mL $HClO_4$ + 2 mL HF) for applying IDMS. Mercury cold vapor was generated by using reductant solution of 0.2% (w/w) $NaBH_4$ and 0.05% (w/w) NaOH. The measurements of n($^{200}Hg$)/n($^{202}Hg$) isotope ratio was made using a quadrupole ICP/MS system. The accuracy in this method was verified by the analysis of certified reference material (CRM) of fly ash (BCR 176R). The indicative value of Hg in BCR 176R fly ash was $1.60{\pm}0.23$ mg/kg (k = 2). The determined values of Hg in BCR 176R fly ash by the method of FI-CV-ID-ICP/MS described in this paper were $1.60{\pm}0.24$ mg/kg (k = 3.18) and the analysis results were in well agreement with the indicative value within the range of uncertainty.
Jang, H.N.,Kim, J.H.,Jung, S.J.,Back, S.K.,Sung, J.H.,Kim, S.H.,Seo, Y.C.,Keel, S.I.,Liu, X. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2014 Fuel processing technology Vol.125 No.-
Coal combustion experiments at a lab-scale furnace with a capacity of 10,000kcal/h were conducted in order to investigate the speciation changes and mass distribution of mercury with limestone injection in conditions of air and oxy-fuel combustion. Mass distribution and concentration of mercury in flue gas at oxy-fuel combustion were higher than those at air combustion. With limestone injection, the reduction of mercury from flue gas by adsorption into limestone could be clearly observed at both air and oxy-fuel combustion conditions. In the speciation of mercury, the particulate mercury in flue-gas was dominant with around 50% and the portion of elemental mercury was higher than that of oxidized mercury as shown at other coal combustion cases. At oxy-fuel combustion, most of particulate mercury seemed to be bounded to limestone more easily in comparison to air combustion, so that the elemental mercury in flue gas resulted to be more dominant at oxy-fuel combustion.
Gaseous mercury removal in a hybrid particulate collector
Si Hyun Lee,Ho Kyung Choi,Chang Lee,Hyung Keun Lee 한국화학공학회 2007 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.24 No.2
an electric field applied to a particulate collector on mercury removal was analyzed. For this, a bench scale systemwhich included a sorbent injection reactor and a hybrid particulate collector was made up. The hybrid particulate collectorconsisted of an electrostatic precipitator and a fabric filter. Activated carbon was injected into the reactor as a sorbent.According to the result of experiment using simulated gas prepared by injecting gaseous mercury into air, the mercuryremoval by activated carbon injection at 130oC varied from around 3.9% at C/Hg ratio of 1,000 up to around 24.4%at C/Hg ratio of 50,000 including reaction in the hybrid particulate collector. When C/Hg ratio was fixed at 10,000and temperature was changed from 50oC to 150oC, the mercury removal decreased from 43.2% to 1.9% . In addition,when high voltage was applied to the hybrid particulate collector, the mercury removal increased up to 63.1% at a C/Hg ratio of 5,000 and at a temperature of 130oC. Considering baseline mercury removal efficiency of up to 50% inthe utility boilers due to the acid gases containing in the flue gas, above results indicate that 90% or more of gaseousmercury could be removed.
Choi, H.K.,Lee, S.H.,Kim, S.S. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2009 Fuel processing technology Vol.90 No.1
The characteristics of the removal of gaseous elemental mercury using activated carbon injection in a particulate collector with fabric filters were experimentally estimated. The experiments showed that, at given conditions in this research, the removals of elemental mercury converged to a certain level as activated carbon continued to be injected irrelatively to the C/Hg ratio or the types of activated carbon. When the C/Hg ratio was fixed at 7000, the elemental mercury removal by the activated carbon collected on the filter surface was 9.5% of the total elemental mercury removal at 1.1m/min in filtration velocity, and 2.2% at 3.3m/min. These values are much lower than those numerically predicted. It means that the gaseous elemental mercury in a particulate collector was reduced mainly by the activated carbon distributed inside the chamber rather than those collected on the filter surface.
A review of elemental mercury removal processing
Kyong-Min Bae,Byung-Joo Kim,Soo-Jin Park 한국탄소학회 2011 Carbon Letters Vol.12 No.3
Public concern has recently increased over the potential risk of toxic elements emitted from anthropogenic sources. Among these, mercury has drawn special attention owing to its increasing level of bioaccumulation in the environment and in the food chain, with potential risks for human health. This paper presents an overview of research related to mercury control technology and identifies areas requiring additional research and development. It critically reviews measured mercury emissions progress in the development of promising control technologies, including catalytic oxidation, sorbent injection, photochemistry oxidation, and air pollution control devices.